APA-approved internships for doctoral training in clinical and counseling psychology: 1972.

The Committee on Accreditation has approved for doctoral training in professional psychology the internships offered by the agencies listed below. The criteria for evaluating these programs can be obtained from the Educational Affairs Office. The current criteria for accreditation of internship training programs no longer make the distinction between clinical and counseling internship programs; therefore, the separate listing of approved programs by professional specialty has been dropped. Readers desiring information on training goals offered at specific agencies are encouraged to write directly to the agencies. Each of the agencies listed has met the same qualitative standards with respect to adequacy of training. The list is alphabetical by states and agencies within states. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

APA-approved predoctoral internships for doctoral training in clinical and counseling psychology: 1978.

The American Psychological Association Committee on Accreditation has approved for doctoral training in professional psychology the predoctoral internships offered by the agencies listed below. The criteria for evaluating these programs can be obtained from the Accreditation Office. The current criteria for accreditation of predoctoral internship training programs no longer make the distinction between clinical and counseling internship programs; therefore, the separate listing of approved programs by professional specialty has been dropped. Readers desiring information on training goals offered at specific agencies are encouraged to write directly to the agencies. Each of the agencies listed has met the same qualitative standards with respect to adequacy of training. The enclosed list is alphabetical by agencies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

APA-Approved Internships for Doctoral Training in Clinical and Counseling Psychology: 1976.

The American Psychological Association Committee on Accreditation has approved for doctoral training in professional psychology the internships offered by the agencies listed below. The criteria for evaluating these programs can be obtained from the Educational Affairs Office. The current criteria for accreditation of internship training programs no longer make the distinction between clinical and counseling internship programs; therefore, the separate listing of approved programs by professional specialty has been dropped. Readers desiring information on training goals offered at specific agencies are encouraged to write directly to the agencies. Each of the agencies listed has met the same qualitative standards with respect to adequacy of training. The list is alphabetical by agencies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Identifying, obtaining, and completing a predoctoral psychology internship: Research considerations.

The quality of clinical training is a critical factor to consider when selecting a psychology predoctoral internship placement. Yet, research activities are also an integral part of a scientist-practitioner training model. Pursuit of ongoing research training during an internship can impact an individual's professional development and productivity, both during the internship year and beyond. Although many published resources have outlined the steps to obtaining a predoctoral internship, few sources have offered adequate consideration of research goals and training. To address this gap in the existing literature, the present article offers a discussion of research issues relevant to the process of identifying, securing, and completing a predoctoral internship in applied psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Seventeen years later: Clinical psychology in light of the 1947 Committee on Training in Clinical Psychology Report.

"Clinical psychology is both a basic and an applied area. Because of the undeveloped state of both psychology and clinical psychology, research is by far the most important responsibility of the clinical psychologist. The university has primary responsibility for integrating training in both the basic and the applied areas. The private practice of clinical psychology is of minor importance. It should be restricted." Clinical psychology "is important both because of the contribution it has made and is making to basic psychology, and because of the potential social significance of its practical contribution." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

APA-accredited predoctoral internships for doctoral training in psychology: 1986.

The Committee on Accreditation has accredited the predoctoral internship training programs in psychology offered by the agencies listed here. The original date of accreditation, listed for each program, is the day on which the program's accredited status became effective. The criteria for evaluating these programs can be obtained from the Office of Accreditation. The current criteria for accreditation of internship training programs no longer make the distinction between clinical and counseling internship programs; therefore, the separate listing of accredited programs by professional specialty has been dropped. Readers who desire information on training goals offered at specific programs are encouraged to write directly to the agencies that are listed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology in flux: The academic-professional bipolarity.

The "main fission in psychology is that between academic psychology and professional psychology." Clinical, industrial, and social psychology, among other applied fields, have expanded dramatically since World War II. Experimental psychology itself is now being professionalized. Serious problems stem from the fact that most graduate curricula are oriented to training "pure scientists" as scholars while most psychology graduates will "wind up in professional work outside universities and colleges." One solution is "to set up a school forthrightly embracing both academic and professional graduate training." There would be an "academic department" and a separate "professional department." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A study of human behavior: The clinical psychologist.

The psychologist "has derived some benefit by the mixture of being a doctor but not being identified with the mentally ill person." By reviewing personal and cultural forces the attempt was made to establish the variety of emphases current in clinical psychology. "Nearly every adjustment pattern observed among clinicians has occurred as a result of training and experience in some university, school or clinic. As yet, no completely satisfying or dominant component of needs has been discovered for the training and role of the clinical psychologist… . But it is a backward step to discard special curricular requirements for clinical psychologists." A prime requirement for a profession is "a disciplined and recognizable training program." The public that supports us will demand "a real and inexorable service contribution that we have implicitly promised… . We evolved on the impetus of service need." A number of current conflicts of the clinical psychologist are indicated. "The only way professional psychologists can hold to a responsible place is by partial separation from the academic, basic science psychologists." Leaders in clinical psychology should "be more than 80% in real clinical work with ill patients." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Role conflicts in psychology and their implications for a reevaluation of training models.

For 25 years training in clinical psychology has followed the Boulder model, attempting to make the clinical psychologist both a scientist and a professional. In this paper arguments are advanced which suggest that it is usually difficult and frequently impossible to make the same person into both a scientist and a professional. Science abhors secrecy, but professionals must keep their knowledge secret. Differences exist in personality characteristics in individuals attracted to the science or the profession. Training requirements are clearly different. Readiness to participate in social and political action also differentiates the groups. For these and other reasons the authors advance the argument that separate professional training schools for psychology must be established, following the historically evolving model provided by other professions. A division of training of psychologists in scientific and professional work may have beneficial effects by eliminating role conflicts in the professional and by making clear the essential division of labor. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Current status of graduate education in psychology.

Surveyed chairmen of psychology departments in 32 state universities and 9 private universities offering doctoral-level programs in basic and applied psychology, to determine the extent to which education and training is available for graduate students in the applied areas of psychology, specifically clinical psychology. Results indicate the following: (a) For all practical purposes, the PhD degree is the only doctoral degree being awarded in both basic and applied psychology. (b) The majority of the departments offering advanced graduate work in psychology insist on a variable core of required courses. (c) The comprehensive examinations taken by students in these programs are largely broad and integrative and are more likely to be administered by either a departmental examining committee or the student's own program committee. (d) For those departments in which a core of courses is not required of all doctoral students, there are substitute requirements, including demonstration of competencies and knowledge in content areas through examinations, or in the successful completion of a minor academic area. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Workshop.

If the article by Kahn and Santostefano in the April issue of the American Psychologist (1962, 17, 185-189) can be taken as an indication, clinical psychologists are still very much interested and concerned with their professional role image or images. Discussions of this topic invariably get around to a discussion of training programs for clinical students and the pros and cons of various types of curricula and educational experience. Partially because of the lack of agreement among faculty and practicum personnel, discussions of professional identity by clinical graduate students are filled with uncertainty, confusion, and conflict surpassing even that which is evident in the discussions of their professional fathers. Questions concerning "professionalism," academic versus clinical training, and the relationships of clinical psychology to other professions are representative of the omnipresent topics of conservation. As a matter of fact, the workshop was so well received that we plan to hold a second workshop next year. But we thought that those individuals who live too far from us to be easily able to attend our meeting might want to try something similar in their areas. We are preparing a more thorough summary and commentary concerning the recent meeting and would be glad to forward a copy to interested individuals. A group of graduate students in the clinical program at the University of Oklahoma decided that it might, be quite worthwhile if they could assemble a number of students from other training settings and attempt to exchange ideas concerning their future roles as professional people. It was the contention of these students that graduate students in psychology, and particularly clinical students, seldom have an opportunity to freely exchange ideas about these problems in an atmosphere which is specifically designed for this purpose. Thus, what we think is quite a unique idea was born: that we might be able to provide graduate students from various training programs in clinical psychology with the opportunity to get together to discuss training, role conflicts, identity, and other professional problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Applying for the predoctoral internship: Training program strategies to help students prepare.

The predoctoral internship signifies the culmination of applied training in professional psychology. With the increasing supply and demand gap, securing an internship has become competitive and has resulted in many students employing a wide variety of steps in an attempt to ensure a successful internship application. However, little is known about how academic training programs assist students in applying for an internship. The purpose of this study was to describe what activities training programs engage in to prepare their students for the internship application process, and to better understand students' perception of their preparedness to apply as well as to understand their experience applying. The results suggested that training programs prepared students well for general aspects of the process but did not adequately prepare them for the more specific tasks related to the application process. Results also suggested that while the students didn't find the application process confusing or difficult they found it stressful and anxiety provoking. Suggestions for programs to inform and assist their students in preparing for applying are presented as well as recommendations for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Historically grounding the practice of psychology: Implications for professional training.

The author explores 3 ways the history of psychology can be made relevant to professional training in clinical psychology. Focusing on the practitioner-scholar model of clinical professional training, he argues that 3 central facets of historical understanding can be wedded to existing goals of professional training: (a) providing an interdisciplinary context for psychology, (b) addressing concerns about humans in the field, and (c) mediating theory-practice tensions that often exist in professional training. Suggestions are also made for encouraging historical understanding as essential to fostering critical self-reflection among students preparing for careers in professional psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rotational Versus Nonrotational Internships: Let's Look at Reality.

Comments on the original article by Robert Langston that focuses on the value of a nonrotational clinical psychology internship (see record 1987-98336-047). The current authors suggest that, while making the case for a nonrotational internship, Langston has presented an inaccurate picture of the current state of internship training, and they seek to point out three fallacies inherent in Langston's view of the current training. As they do so, they assert that the many issues regarding professional training in psychology are hardly settled. They do suggest, though, that it is essential to relate their own ideas to existing criteria and evidence of current training practice, in order to effectively make decisions regarding necessary changes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The history of broad and general education in scientific psychology: The foundation for professional psychology education and training.

The article provides the historical roots and rationale for providing professional psychologists with knowledge of the underpinnings in core scientific areas of psychology with two goals–knowledge of those scientific areas themselves and as the basis for further understanding the integration of science and practice to improve professional service delivery. This article discusses the early roots of the applied areas within psychology and the changes in curricular expectations in accreditation to the current provisions for the accreditation of doctoral programs in professional psychology. After the historical introduction, the article discusses the current use of the concept of broad and general training as the basis for current practice in accreditation of programs in professional psychology and for the practice as a licensed psychologist. Finally, the article provides some initial discussion of the different perspectives in the rest of the section regarding how best to provide students with appropriate knowledge for competence in scientific underpinnings of professional psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Distinguished career contribution to education and training in psychology: Donald R. Peterson.

Presents an overview of the career and contributions that Donald R. Peterson has made to psychology. For more than thirty-five years Donald R. Peterson has shown exemplary dedication to the education and training of psychologists. He is recognized, and valued, among his colleagues for his dauntless advocacy in behalf of the highest standards for professional psychology programs. He was dean of the first university-based school to award a professional doctorate in psychology. He may well be the only living person who has directed a research-oriented scientist-practitioner program, directed a professional program in an academic department, and also directed a professional school in a major research university. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Clinical Psychologists Revisited: Comment.

In 1946 the VA, beginning its training program in clinical psychology, sponsored a program of research designed to increase the effectiveness of the procedures used to select trainees. The primary purpose of this five-year research project, which was directed and coordinated through the University of Michigan, was the evaluation of a variety of procedures as predictors of later success in graduate training and professional functioning in clinical psychology. In 1947 and 1948, several hundred college graduates seeking admission to or just entering the four-year VA training program in some 40 universities were evaluated by a wide variety of techniques, and predictions were made concerning their probable success in training and future professional competence. One of the most frequent comments after publication of this work was the concern that our criterion measures were obtained too early in the professional lives of the assessed trainees. In a sense this mirrors our own concern when we stated at that time that, "It is, of course, entirely possible that predictors which look unpromising at this time may have greater validity for predicting later criteria of professional accomplishment and vice versa." In an effort to extend our knowledge we are beginning a follow-up study of the approximately 1,200 persons who participated in some way in the original research. In addition to the original prediction problem, this follow-up stage will also be concerned with attempting to tease out the kinds of variables (personality or situational) which determine whether a clinical psychologist will devote himself primarily to therapy, research, diagnosis, teaching, or administration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

APA-approved internships for doctoral training in clinical and counseling psychology: 1974.

The Committee on Accreditation has approved for doctoral training in professional psychology the internships offered by the agencies listed below. The criteria for evaluating these programs can be obtained from the Educational Affairs Office. The current criteria for accreditation of internship training programs no longer make the distinction between clinical and counseling internship programs; therefore, the separate listing of approved programs by professional specialty has been dropped. Readers desiring information on training goals offered at specific agencies arc encouraged to write directly to the agencies. Each of the agencies listed has met the same qualitative standards with respect to adequacy of training. The list is alphabetical by agencies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

APA-approved predoctoral internships for doctoral training in clinical and counseling psychology: 1979.

The Committee on Accreditation has approved for doctoral training in professional psychology the internships offered by the agencies listed below. The criteria for evaluating these programs can be obtained from the Accreditation Office. The current criteria for accreditation of internship training programs no longer make the distinction between clinical and counseling internship programs; therefore, the separate listing of approved programs by professional specialty has been dropped. Readers desiring information on training goals offered at specific agencies are encouraged to write directly to the agencies. Each of the agencies listed has met the same qualitative standards with respect to adequacy of training. The list is alphabetical by agencies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Promotion of Academic Careers in School Psychology: A Conceptual Framework of Impact Points, Recommended Strategies, and Hopeful Outcomes.

School psychology is facing a major shortage of faculty in graduate training and education programs. To deal with this shortage and the issues that surround it, we propose a conceptual framework that incorporates a number of impact points that graduate training programs can use to educate and sustain individuals in academic careers. The impact points include: selection of students, program-related training variables, post-program transition variables, and sustainability of academic careers. Each of these impact points is discussed within the context of the role that current faculty and practitioners in the profession can play in graduate education and training of academic scholars. Among the variety of potential solutions to the shortage, we introduce the concept of the "virtual university" to promote future education and sustainability of faculty within our graduate training programs. A case scenario from graduate students at the University of Wisconsin-Madison is presented as a context for the impact points raised in the article. We argue that those of us in the profession think systemically and lead the way into a new era of collaborative work across our graduate programs and among our colleagues in clinical, counseling, and related areas of applied and professional psychology graduate training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)