基于小波包能量谱的滚动轴承振动噪声检测方法

针对轴承振动与噪声源零件识别与检测问题，利用小波包分解的方法来分析轴承的振动噪声信号：根据待测轴承振动信号特点，确定小波包分解的小波函数及分解层数，得到了轴承振动信号在频域的信息；通过构造小波包能量谱来分析各个频段上振动信号的特征，根据各个小波包空间能量值的大小判断轴承振动的剧烈程度；通过小波包重构算法对轴承振动噪声贡献较大的小波包空间进行重构，得到具有较高信噪比的重构信号，便于进行频谱分析。结果表明，本文的检测方法可以较准确的识别出新出厂轴承中振动噪声的主要来源，对于后期实现轴承静音降噪具有重要意义。     

基于贝叶斯正则化BP神经网络的铝平板超高速撞击损伤模式识别

损伤模式识别是空间碎片撞击航天器在轨感知技术中的一个重要功能模块,是目前研究的重点和难点。采用超高速撞击声发射技术,以铝合金平板为研究对象,通过大量超高速撞击实验获取实验信号,结合虚拟波阵面的精确源定位技术、时频分析技术及小波分解技术。从超高速撞击声发射信号中提取并优选与损伤模式直接相关的时频参数,建立了基于贝叶斯正则化BP神经网络的损伤模式识别方法,识别了铝合金板面受撞击形成的成坑/穿孔两种主要损伤模式。     

基于自适应小波特征提取一体化神经网络的空调电机振动噪声识别

正确识别空凋电机的噪声类型是改善其噪声效果的重要前提，采用一种集特征提取与识别于一体的神经网络来解决这种识别问题。此网络利用Mexican hat小波作为母小波，同时将基于小波变换的特征提取过程融人为神经网络的一部分，网络学习时可针对输入信号对小波尺度和平移参数进行自适应调整，以实现对信号特征信息的充分获取。给出了此网络的学习算法。利用这一网络对空调电机的三种噪声信号即电磁噪声、不平衡噪声、轴承噪声信号进行了学习和识别，结果表明，学习后的网络以很高的可靠性准确地识别出了电机的不同噪声类型。     

基于小波包和1(1/2)维谱的舰船辐射噪声频域特征提取及融合

舰船辐射噪声频域特征提取是舰船目标识别的关键技术之一。为提高舰船目标识别率 ,采用小波包和 112维谱对舰船辐射噪声进行多小波包空间调制谱和噪声谱特征提取及融合研究。并用提取的特征对五类舰船目标辐射噪声进行了分类识别实验 ,结果表明所提特征具有很好的分类识别效果     

基于小波和奇异值理论的西安钟楼模态参数识别

在对国家重点文物保护单位西安钟楼进行强噪声环境激励下振动监测的基础上,应用自然激励法采用不同测点的传感器记录的加速度信号的互相关函数代替系统的脉冲响应函数,选取适当的小波函数、小波尺度、中心频率和带宽频率对互相关函数进行小波分析,并根据小波变换系数的模的相角和对数导数识别频率和阻尼比信息,实现了基于小波和奇异值理论的方法对西安钟楼模态参数进行识别,并对识别结果进行对比分析,验证基于小波和奇异值理论的方法识别古建筑木结构模态参数的可行性,为古建筑的保护和研究工作提供参考。     

基于小波偏相干分析的车内噪声源识别

为了对复杂多相关声场下的汽车车内噪声源进行准确、快速地识别,提出了一种基于小波偏相干分析的噪声源识别方法。该方法通过连续复小波变换与时频偏相干分析获取声源测点与接收点噪声的时频偏相干函数与瞬时相位关系,并通过模拟信号加以说明;利用该方法对车内异常噪声进行声源识别,并基于分析结果改善车内噪声水平。结果表明:车内异常噪声源于发动机激励前副车架,从而导致副车架与车身连接点的结构振动噪声所致,进而对连接点橡胶衬套进行优化设计;改进后,通过道路试验主观评价并结合声品质分析得知车内噪声水平改善效果明显,进一步验证了所提出的噪声源识别方法的有效性。     

小波偏相干分析在内燃机车降噪中的应用

针对国内某内燃机车异常噪声导致的司机室耳旁噪声超标问题,将小波偏相干分析的噪声源识别方法引入内燃机车的声源识别中。对驾驶员耳旁噪声及主要声源进行振动与噪声测试,并基于该方法应用MATLAB对测试数据进行计算与分析,根据计算与分析结果提出完整的改造方案。结果表明:应用小波偏相干分析能够准确找到内燃机车异常噪声声源,基于该方法所提出的改造措施使得驾驶员耳旁噪声降低,该方法的有效性得到验证。     

基于小波包和1(1/2)维谱的舰船辐射噪声频域特征提取及融合

舰船辐射噪声频域特征提取是舰船目标识别的关键技术之一。为提高舰船目标识别率，采用小波包和1 1/2维谱对舰船辐射噪声进行多小波包空间调制谱和噪声谱特征提取及融合研究。并用提取的特征对五类舰船目标辐射噪声进行了分类识别实验，结果表明所提特征具有很好的分类识别效果。     

调制声场声源定位技术研究

为提高调制声场特征提取的准确性,减小噪声对全息重建结果影响,提出复解析小波变换的调制声源近场声全息分析方法。利用复解析小波变换自适应分析能力,对调制声场声压信号进行处理,实现调制信号与噪声信号分离,再对调制成分进行统计最优近场声全息重建分析。利用仿真信号及音响实验分析验证表明,该方法能准确识别、定位调制声源,计算量小,抑制噪声能力强,且全息重建精度高。     

基于改进小波阈值去噪的深度学习水下目标分类

由于海洋环境噪声复杂,噪声等级高,水下待识别目标信噪比低,从而造成了特征提取困难,目标识别率低的问题。基于此,文章提出了基于改进小波阈值的深度学习水下目标分类方法。此方法在传统小波阈值去噪的基础上提出了一种新的小波阈值函数,对于所采用的具体阈值将其与分解尺度相联系,从而实现降低背景噪声,提升水下目标分类识别率的目的。此方法对实测舰船辐射噪声信号进行小波分解,提取每一层的高频小波系数并对其进行处理;对处理完的信号再提取时频特征,最后将其输入后续的深度学习网络中。实验结果发现：在利用原有数据集情况下,利用基于改进小波阈值的深度学习进行水下目标的分类识别,采用卷积神经网络算法可达到88.56%的分类识别率。对前述实验结果进一步分析后,采用生成对抗网络的方法扩充数据样本,可达到96.673%的分类识别率。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...