新疆洁净煤技术现状和前景

新疆煤炭是中国十分重要的能源接续区和战略性能源储备区。是中国内地少有的优质动力用煤和发展煤化工的良好原料。采用洁净煤技术是新疆煤炭发展清洁能源的战略选择,新疆洁净煤技术前景广阔。     

中国洁净煤技术发展重点及对策

阐述中国洁净煤技术发展现状及存在问题。指出洁净煤技术发展重点是能在较短时间内显著提高煤炭利用效率、有效控制污染物排放的技术 ;能对当前和未来优化能源结构发挥作用 ,有利于解决石油供需矛盾 ,保障能源安全并有产业化发展前景的技术。对洁净煤技术的发展和政策引导提出建议     

洁净煤技术的评价方法研究--以煤炭气化技术的分析与评价为例

发展洁净煤技术要考虑中国能源多元化的具体情况,这就需要对洁净煤技术进行正确地分析与评价。笔者提出一种基于3E分析的洁净煤技术综合评价体系,并给出了一种基于方案贴近度的多目标决策模型。通过实例说明了该模型的合理性和可行性。     

洁净煤技术是煤炭工业可持续发展的重要支柱

煤炭未来还将是中国主要能源。洁净煤技术是煤炭工业可持续发展的重要支柱。煤炭工业可持续发展的工程技术体系可考虑以洁净煤技术为核心，通过发展优质煤工程、煤化工工程、高洁净燃烧与坑口电站工程和洁净矿区工程，并以这４项工程的适当组合形成煤炭综合发展基地。发展洁净煤技术要求转变观念、以相应法律为后盾并制定配套的政策。     

基于SWOT分析的我国洁净煤技术发展研究

为实现煤炭资源的清洁高效利用,在论述我国能源资源现状的基础上,对我国发展洁净煤技术的SWOT(Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat)进行分析,为推进我国洁净煤技术发展提出相关政策建议。发展洁净煤技术,实现煤炭资源的清洁开发利用是我国能源战略的现实选择。在机遇与挑战并存的当前,我国应充分发挥洁净煤技术优势,通过技术改进、政策支持等方式补足其劣势,推动洁净煤技术的发展。结合SWOT分析结果,提出应科学部署,系统规划煤炭产品全产业链,实现跨领域、跨计划集成推进;加强政策扶持,需要政府在技术研发、工业化示范以及后续的推广过程中给予政策扶持和财税优惠;完善科学技术创新体系,推进洁净煤技术的研发、推广、工业化;建立健全相关配套制度体系,包括标准体系、法律法规体系、投融资体系等方面,推进我国洁净煤技术的发展。     

GE水煤浆气化装置在齐鲁长周期运行的实践

煤炭深加工产业发展、包括煤炭的清洁利用和煤转化已成为全球广为关注的课题．本刊从2013年第4期起，开设了“先进洁净煤技术进展”栏目．重点研究气化和洁净煤技术。将对GE煤气化技术应用情况、包括GE水煤浆加压气化解决方案及在能源、化工、石化、环保等领域的应用，高压、废锅流程气化技术与传统煤气化技术的经济、技术、能效比较，气化副产蒸汽的应用方案比较，煤气化联合循环IGCC应用，煤化工行业废水处理和零排放解决方案等作一分析介绍．旨在推动我国洁净煤技术的研发和运用，寻求洁净煤的可靠、高效、清洁和具有成本优势的技术解决方案。欢迎各工程设计单位、能源化工企业、科研机构和技术研发单位的专家学者、及其他有志于我国洁净煤技术发展的专业人士投稿。     

发展洁净煤技术是提高煤炭利用效益减轻污染的有效途径

论述了煤炭在我国能源中的重要地位，我国煤炭加工利用的现状及对环境污染的严重性。推行洁净煤技术的紧迫性和洁净煤技术体系。     

洁净煤技术对提高我国煤炭合理利用的重要性

本文分析了我国以煤为主的能源结构，阐述了我国能源结构与环境污染的关系。详细介绍了各种洁净煤技术，并对我国的洁净煤技术开发推广提出了自己的思路与看法。     

洁净煤技术是长株潭可持续城市发展战略的现实选择

笔者从长株潭城市发展的战略要求，结合湖南能源环境状况分析，提出洁净煤技术是长株潭可持续城市发展战略的现实选择。并指出如强环境管理、依法治污是洁净煤技术发展的关键和根本。     

GE气化技术——助力中国煤炭深加工产业可持续发展

煤炭深加工产业发展、包括煤炭的清洁利用和煤转化已成为全球广为关注的课题,本刊从2013年第4期起,将开设"先进洁净煤技术进展"栏目,重点研究气化和洁净煤技术。将对GE煤气化技术应用情况、包括GE水煤浆加压气化解决方案及在能源、化工、石化、环保等领域的应用,高压、废锅流程气化技术与传统煤气化技术的经济、技术、能效比较,气化副产蒸汽的应用方案比较,煤气化联合循环IGCC应用,煤化工行业废水处理和零排放解决方案等作一分析介绍,旨在推动我国洁净煤技术的研发和运用,寻求洁净煤的可靠、高效、清洁和具有成本优势的技术解决方案。欢迎各工程设计单位、能源化工企业、科研机构和技术研发单位的专家学者、及其他有志于我国洁净煤技术发展的专业人士投稿。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.