有机小分子电致发光材料及器件的研究进展

综述了以有机小分子发光材料为基础的红绿蓝和白光有机发光二极管的结构、发光性质,简要介绍了其应用前景和发展趋势。     

Encapsulation of organic light-emitting devices by means of photopolymerized polyacrylate films

For encapsulation of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) built on glass substrate, photopolymerizable blend consists of pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETIA) and HSP188 (photoinitiator) was spin-coated onto an OLED and then cured to form a cross-linked passivation layer. The electroluminescence (EL) and the rate of degradation were examined to compare the electrical and the emissive properties of the device before and after forming the passivation layer. In this case, wet process encapsulation, which did not influence the EL characteristic of the device, enhanced the lifetime of the device in air.     

太阳能光伏材料的研究进展

近年来,不同体系及不同结构的太阳能电池材料的研究都取得了很好的效果。简要概述了3代太阳能电池的发展,综述了有机和无机2大类光伏发电材料的发展情况,并对作为太阳能电池前沿材料(如:石墨烯)的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Synthesis and electroluminescence property of new hexaphenylbenzene derivatives including amine group for blue emitters

Three new blue-emitting compounds of 5P-VA, 5P-VTPA, and 5P-DVTPA for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on hexaphenylbenzene moiety were demonstrated. Physical properties by the change of the substitution groups of the synthesized materials were systematically examined. Photoluminescence spectrum of the synthesized materials showed maximum emitting wavelengths of about 400 to 447 nm in solution state and 451 to 461 nm in film state, indicating deep blue emission color. OLED devices were fabricated by the synthesized compounds using vacuum deposit process as an emitting layer. The device structure was ITO/2-TNATA 60 nm/ NPB 15 nm/ EML 35 nm/ TPBi 20 nm/ LiF 1 nm/ Al 200 nm. External quantum efficiencies and CIE values of 5P-VA, 5P-VTPA, and 5P-DVTPA were 1.89%, 3.59%, 3.34%, and (0.154, 0.196), (0.150, 0.076), (0.148, 0.120), respectively. 5P-VTPA and 5P-DVTPA exhibited superior highly blue quality and thermal property such as high T_d of 448°C and 449°C.     

含1,3,4-(噁)二唑环的有机电致发蓝光材料及器件研究进展

1,3,4–口恶 二唑环是一个具有高电子亲和势和空穴阻挡作用的基团,含该基团的化合物是一类具有良好电子传输功能的有机电致发光材料。近年来含1,3,4–口恶 二唑环化合物发蓝光的有机电致发光材料已成为材料科学研究的一个热点。综述了含1,3,4–口恶 二唑环的小分子和高分子发蓝光的有机电致发光材料的分子结构、性能及其器件性能的研究现状,并对提高这类材料性能的分子设计方面作了简要的展望。     

Biomaterials‐based organic electronic devices

Organic electronic devices have demonstrated tremendous versatility in a wide range of applications including consumer electronics, photovoltaics and biotechnology. The traditional interface of organic electronics with biology, biotechnology and medicine occurs in the general field of sensing biological phenomena. For example, the fabrication of hybrid electronic structures using both organic semiconductors and bioactive molecules has led to enhancements in the sensitivity and specificity within biosensing platforms, which in turn has a potentially wide range of clinical applications. However, the interface of biomolecules and organic semiconductors has also recently explored the potential use of natural and synthetic biomaterials as structural components of electronic devices. The fabrication of electronically active systems using biomaterials‐based components has the potential to produce a large set of unique devices including environmentally biodegradable systems and bioresorbable temporary medical devices. This article reviews recent advances in the implementation of biomaterials as structural components in organic electronic devices with a focus on potential applications in biotechnology and medicine. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

高真空电子器件金属零件化学研磨工艺

普通型不锈钢化学研磨液无法消除毛刺、保证零件精密公差尺寸和表面粗糙度，严重影响高真空电子器件金属零件的使用性能。确定了一套完整的54cmFS高真空电子器件金属零件化学研磨工艺。介绍了该工艺的工艺流程及工艺规范。讨论了化学研磨原理及金属哑光表面控制。测量了54cmFS高真空电子器件金属零件利用该工艺化学研磨后的表面粗糙度、孔直径、显微毛刺尺寸、平面度、孔部真圆度。结果表明，该工艺可以使零件表面达到哑光状态、保证精密公差尺寸、改善表面平整度、促进零件孔的真圆度，降低了生产成本，具有较高的推广价值。     

Review: materials and modelling for organic photovoltaic devices

This review gives a simple and pedagogical introduction to the field of materials and their modelling for the active layer in organic photovoltaic devices. It gives a perspective on past work and a summary of the current state of the art. Given the extremely fast changes on-going in this field, it is hoped that this contribution will serve as both a timely snapshot and a pedagogical entry point to this fascinating subject. Furthermore, an example is given of how modelling can enhance the understanding of the structures and qualities of materials using a leading low-bandgap polymer donor and non-fullerene acceptor pair (PM6 and Y6). © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.     

Advancement in materials for energy-saving lighting devices

This review provides a comprehensive account of energy efficient lighting devices, their working principles and the advancement of these materials as an underpinning to the development of technology. Particular attention has been given to solid state lighting devices and their applications since they have attracted the most interest and are the most promising. Solid state lighting devices including white light emitting diodes (LEDs), organic LEDs (OLEDs), quantum-dot LEDs (QLEDs) and carbon-dot LEDs (CLEDs) are promising energy efficient lighting sources for displays and general lighting. However there is no universal solution that will give better performance and efficiency for all types of applications. LEDs are replacing traditional lamps for both general lighting and display applications, whereas OLEDs are finding their own special applications in various areas. QLEDs and CLEDs have advantages such as high quantum yields, narrow emission spectra, tunable emission spectra and good stability over OLEDs, so applications for these devices are being extended to new types of lighting sources. There is a great deal of research on these materials and their processing technologies and the commercial viability of these technologies appears strong.     

Integrated energy storage system based on triboelectric nanogenerator in electronic devices

The emergence of electronic devices has brought earth-shaking changes to people's life.However,an extemal power source may become indispensable to the electronie devices due to the limited capacity of batteries.As one of the possible solutions for the extermal power sources,the triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)provides a novel idea to the increasing mumber of personal electronic devices.TENG is a new type of energy ollector,which has become a hot spot in the field of nanotechnology.It is widely used at the acquisition and conversion of mechan-ical enegy to electrice energy through the principle of electrostatic induction.On this basis,the TENG could be integrated with the energy stonage system into a self-powered system,W hich can supply power to the electronic devices and make them work continuously.In this review,TENG's basic structure as well as its working process and working mode are firstly discussed.The integration method of TENGs with enegy storage systems and the related research status are then introduced in detail.At the end of this paper,we put forward some problems and discuss the prospect in the future.     

黑卟啉空穴传输材料在无掺杂钙钛矿太阳能电池上的应用

无掺杂空穴传输材料是实现钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)实用化的关键问题。本论文合成了具有高的热稳定性、对可见光谱全吸收性质的黑卟啉分子,5,10,15,20-四[3,5-二(叔丁基)苯基]-β,β''-四萘醌[6,7-g]锌卟啉(T1),研究了光物理、电化学性能和成膜性。T1最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)能级与spiro-OMeTAD相近,能够很好地与钙钛矿材料MAPbI3相匹配。制备了以T1分子为空穴传输层的PSCs,器件的能量转换效率(PCE)达到13.43%,优于相同条件下的基于spiro-OMeTAD的器件(11.63%)。     

Conjugated polyelectrolytes: A new class of semiconducting material for organic electronic devices

This feature article presents a short review of the recent developments in the synthesis of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) along with their applications in organic optoelectronic devices with particular focus on the molecular structures of CPEs with ionic functionality, synthetic approaches, and their utilization as an interfacial layer. The orthogonal solubility of the CPEs allows the simple preparation of multilayer organic devices by solution casting on top of a nonpolar organic photoactive layer without disturbing the interfaces, showing their effectiveness in tuning the electronic structures at the interfaces for improving the charge carrier transport and resulting device properties. These achievements highlight the dynamic nature of CPEs and their applicability to a wide range of optoelectronic devices.     

Post-annealed gallium and aluminum co-doped zinc oxide films applied in organic photovoltaic devices

Gallium and aluminum co-doped zinc oxide (GAZO) films were produced by magnetron sputtering. The GAZO films were post-annealed in either vacuum or hydrogen microwave plasma. Vacuum- and hydrogen microwave plasma-annealed GAZO films show different surface morphologies and lattice structures. The surface roughness and the spacing between adjacent (002) planes decrease; grain growth occurs for the GAZO films after vacuum annealing. The surface roughness increases and nanocrystals are grown for the GAZO films after hydrogen microwave plasma annealing. Both vacuum and hydrogen microwave plasma annealing can improve the electrical and optical properties of GAZO films. Hydrogen microwave plasma annealing improves more than vacuum annealing does for GAZO films. An electrical resistivity of 4.7 × 10⁻⁴ Ω-cm and average optical transmittance in the visible range from 400 to 800 nm of 95% can be obtained for the GAZO films after hydrogen microwave plasma annealing. Hybrid organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices were fabricated on the as-deposited, vacuum-annealed, and hydrogen microwave plasma-annealed GAZO-coated glass substrates. The active layer consisted of blended poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in the OPV devices. The power conversion efficiency of the OPV devices is 1.22% for the hydrogen microwave plasma-annealed GAZO films, which is nearly two times higher compared with that for the as-deposited GAZO films.     

功能小分子电致发光材料的研究进展

有机电致发光(OLED)是近年来国际上的一个研究热点。有机电致发光器件具存低压驱动、高亮度、高效率以及能实现大面积彩色显示等优点。本文综述了有机电致发光材料的发展过程,重点介绍了目前应用于有机电致发光的各类功能小分子电致发光材料,文末展望了OLED的应用前景。     

Building up an electrocatalytic activity scale of cathode materials for organic halide reductions

A wide investigation on the electrochemical activity of four model organic bromides has been carried out in acetonitrile on nine cathodes of widely different affinity for halide anions (Pt, Zn, Hg, Sn, Bi, Pb, Au, Cu, Ag), and the electrocatalytic activities of the latter have been evaluated with respect to three possible inert reference cathode materials, i.e. glassy carbon, boron-doped diamond, and fluorinated boron-doped diamond. A general electrocatalytic activity scale for the process is proposed, with a discussion on its modulation by the configuration of the reacting molecule, and its connection with thermodynamic parameters accounting for halide adsorption.     

BODIPY-based polymeric dyes as emerging horizon materials for biological sensing and organic electronic applications

The design, synthesis, and characterization of BODIPY (4,4′-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene)-based small molecules has undergone tremendous progress in the past two decades. BODIPYs and their dipyrrin precursors have been recently reviewed with emphasis placed on their syntheses, reactions and applications including biochemical labelling, fluorescent switches, chemosensors, and electroluminescent devices. Compared to other dye classes, these systems offer unique attractions such as excellent thermal/photochemical stability, intense absorption/emission profiles, negligible triplet-state formation, and small Stokes shifts. Their optoelectronic and semiconductor properties can be finely tuned via facile synthetic modifications on the dipyrromethene core, while their optical characteristics are relatively insensitive to medium polarity and the pH of the environment. On the contrary, the optoelectronic and photophysical properties of BODIPY-based polymeric semiconductors the newest developed family in BODIPY-based organic materials (the first BODIPY based conjugated polymers were published in 2008) are still not well understood. For fully resolving these open questions, it will be shown in this review that the optoelectronic and photophysical properties of the BODIPY-based conjugated polymers are depending on various parameters including: (i) the positions where the BODIPY core will be attached into the polymer backbone (α-, β-, meso positions, or fluorine substitution) and (ii) the number of methyl substituents on 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 positions and finally (iii) if BODIPY functions as electron rich or electron deficient building block in “donor-acceptor” (D-A) conjugated polymers. This is a very significant advance in the emerging field of BODIPY chemistry since it opens the path for further optimization of the recent and new developed BODIPY-based polymeric semiconductors with predetermined optoelectronic and photophysical properties by providing new design rules to organic and material chemists as well as physical (bio)chemistry and device (bio)engineering scientists.     

Recent advances and perspectives in carbon-based fillers reinforced Si3N4 composite for high power electronic devices

New advances in carbon-based fillers (CBFs) as reinforcing agents have gained worldwide attention due to their novel properties and promising applications to obtain advanced composite materials with superior electrical, mechanical and thermal performance. These CBFs (carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene, graphene oxide, and graphite) are important for ceramic materials to make them more attractive for modern industry. These materials in the ceramic matrix can enhance various properties, such as mechanical, thermal, and electrical conductivity, as a sensor material for pressure and other environmental changes. This overview introduces the latest developments in the fabrication of Si₃N₄ ceramics and the effect of CBFs as well SiC and SiC_w on structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of Si₃N₄ ceramics for next-generation electronic power devices. Moreover, we summarized the key aspects such as the fabrication approaches, influence of additive composition and concentration, and sintering parameters on the microstructure and overall performance of Si₃N₄ ceramics. In particular, design strategies for scientists and engineers concerned about the manufacture of Si₃N₄ substrate and active regeneration for the first time are proposed and discussed extensively.     

金属纳米线的制备及其在电子材料中的应用

随着电子器件向集成化、柔性化的发展,传统锡铅焊料、氧化铟锡薄膜等电子材料已经不能满足导电、导热、柔性等性能的要求。金属纳米线具备优异的光电性能和独特的一维结构,以其为关键成分的新材料成为传统电子材料最具潜力的替代品。金属纳米线产业链的发展涉及原料、设备、工艺与应用多方面,但关键技术在于金属纳米线的大规模、低成本、绿色高效制备。综述了近年来金属纳米线的主要制备方法,包括物理气相沉积法、化学气相沉积法、模板法、溶剂热法以及多元醇法,并对金属纳米线在导电胶、透明导电薄膜、热界面材料等电子材料的最新应用进展进行了概述。     

Environmentally friendly CsPbBr3 QDs multicomponent glass with super-stability for optoelectronic devices and up-converted lasing

Ultra-stable CsPbBr₃ perovskite quantum dots (QDs) multicomponent glass with high transmittance was prepared by melt-quenching heat treatment. The average diameter of the CsPbBr₃ QDs was ∼1.96 nm. The resulting glass displayed a high exciton binding energy of 362 ± 18 meV. Notably, these glass-encapsulated materials exhibited excellent resistance to heat, light, and water, superior to that of previously reported perovskite-based materials, and underwent an extremely low rate of Pb leaching during water immersion. Based on the glass, a high-performance white light-emitting diode (WLED) device was fabricated with Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.3156, 0.3326) and color gamut of ∼113 % National Television Standards Committee (NTSC). The CsPbBr₃ QDs glass without rare earth elements further acted as an optical gain medium, realizing up-conversion lasing with 980-nm laser excitation for the first time. The reversible linear fluorescence response indicates that the glass could be a potential candidate for temperature sensors.     

热适应复合材料应用于电子器件散热的研究进展

热适应复合材料是具有适合要求的热导率或热膨胀系数的一种复合材料。综述了高导热系数的快速热响应复合材料及可控热膨胀系数复合材料的研究进展,并介绍了热适应复合材料在电子器件散热领域的应用。