热暴露温度对单晶高温合金持久性能的影响

在定向凝固炉中采用螺旋选晶法制备了一种单晶高温合金试棒,经标准热处理后分别在980、1070、1100和1140℃热暴露500 h,研究了合金不同温度热暴露后的显微组织和1100℃、140 MPa条件下的持久性能。结果表明,合金在不同温度热暴露后,γ'相发生粗化或筏排化。随着热暴露温度增加,γ'相粗化或筏排化程度增加,γ相基体通道变宽。在980℃热暴露500 h后,合金中无TCP相析出,而1070、1100和1140℃热暴露500 h后有针状TCP相析出。随着热暴露温度升高,TCP相含量增加,持久寿命降低,伸长率先增加并在1140℃热暴露后减小。热暴露后γ'相粗化或筏排化、含量减少和TCP相析出是合金持久寿命降低的主要原因。     

Effect of 950 oC Thermal Exposure on Microstructures and Properties of Ni-Based K403 Alloys

针对镍基铸造高温合金K403,在950℃高温下分别进行了5、50和100h的热暴露试验,研究热暴露对K403合金显微组织和室温力学性能的影响。结果表明:K403合金经高温热暴露后,晶内和晶界析出M6C碳化物,γ’相聚集长大且边角发生钝化,随热暴露时间的延长,出现γ’相边角钝化变成圆形或近圆形,部分γ’相发生定向相互连接粗化的现象和趋势;合金的名义屈服强度和抗拉强度随热暴露时间的延长而下降,而塑性则明显提高,导致合金强度下降塑性提高的主要原因之一则是γ’强化相的聚集粗化;热暴露前后,室温拉伸断口均为枝晶组织断裂,热暴露后的试样拉伸断面出现少量沿晶断裂特征和浅而小的韧窝,且存在韧窝的数量随热暴露时间的延长而增多。     

W对第三代镍基单晶高温合金组织稳定性的影响

通过对3种不同W含量(6%、7%、8%,质量分数)的第三代镍基单晶高温合金铸态、热处理态和热暴露后的组织观察和成分分析,研究了W对元素偏析、热处理组织及热暴露过程中组织演化的影响。结果表明:W含量的提高对合金元素的铸态偏析、完全热处理后的γ′相形貌、尺寸和体积分数均无明显影响。在950℃热暴露过程中,W含量的提高抑制了γ′相的粗化,但加速了γ′相的连接变形。3种合金在热暴露过程中析出的TCP相主要为m相和s相,且TCP相析出量随W含量的增加而缓慢增大。此外,3种合金在1000℃热暴露时TCP相析出量最大,在950℃热暴露时次之,在1050℃热暴露时析出量最小。     

Ru对镍基单晶热暴露组织演变及持久性能的影响

对比研究了不含Ru的USTB-F7及添加2.5 wt％ Ru的USTB-F8两种镍基单晶高温合金的组织稳定性和持久性能.标准热处理与1100℃长期热暴露组织研究表明:合金USTB-F7中γ′相形貌介于球形和立方形之间,属中间态形貌;热暴露2000 h后,其形貌仍保持稳定,仅发生粗化而未发生筏排化.Ru的添加使Re元素在γ/γ′中的分配比增大,提高了合金USTB-F8的γ/γ′点阵错配度和γ'相的立方度,从而加速了长期热暴露过程中的筏排化进程,经2000 h热暴露发生了明显的筏排化现象.同时,合金USTB-F7热暴露700 h后在枝晶干处析出了富集Re、W和Cr元素的TCP相,Ru的加入有效地抑制了TCP相的析出,合金USTB-F8直至2000 h仍未析出TCP相.1100℃/140MPa持久性能测试表明,Ru显著提高合金的持久寿命,这与Ru增加合金中的y相体积分数和γ/γ′点阵错配度,促进筏排组织的形成,并减小时效组织中的γ通道宽度有关.     

GH4096合金在长期热暴露过程中的组织演化

基于粉末冶金René88DT合金的成分,采用新型定向凝固铸锭变形工艺研制了GH4096合金,并研究了其固溶时效热处理后在700~900 ℃长期热暴露过程中γ′相的粗化和晶界析出相的析出行为。结果表明:GH4096合金在700 ℃热暴露时具有良好的组织稳定性,晶内γ′相的尺寸稳定在70 nm左右,未发现明显的长大行为,晶界上未发现析出相;750 ℃热暴露500 h以上时,二次γ′相开始出现聚集长大现象,晶界开始出现不连续析出相,但γ′相的长大速度和晶界析出相的析出速度均比较低;800 ℃以上长期热暴露时,γ′相的粗化速度和晶界析出相的析出长大速度明显加快。长期热暴露后晶内二次γ′相的尺寸与Larsen-Miller参数近似呈线性关系,晶界析出相以M₃B₂和μ相为主。     

7050-T7452锻件模拟高温服役环境下组织性能的演化

通过拉伸试验和微观组织观察等方法对经过不同温度和时间模拟高温服役环境热暴露处理后7050-T7452锻件的室温拉伸性能以及合金金相组织、析出相的变化情况进行系统研究。结果表明：7050-T7452锻件在100~175℃下热暴露处理后,合金的强度随热暴露温度的提高和时间的延长而降低,伸长率随之增加;当热暴露温度超过125℃后,变化更为明显;随热暴露温度和时间的变化,合金的晶粒尺寸以及再结晶程度没有明显改变;当热暴露温度≤125℃时,合金晶粒内部析出相的尺寸和种类没有明显变化;随热暴露时间的增加,晶界无析出带的宽度略有增宽;当热暴露温度超过125℃时,合金晶内的析出相随温度以及热暴露时间的增加而迅速粗化,η相的体积分数增加,晶界无析出带加宽,合金的强度明显下降。     

950℃热暴露对K403镍基合金组织和性能的影响

针对镍基铸造高温合金K403,在950℃高温下分别进行了5、50和100 h的热暴露试验,研究热暴露对K403合金显微组织和室温力学性能的影响.结果表明:K403合金经高温热暴露后,晶内和晶界析出M6C碳化物,y'相聚集长大且边角发生钝化,随热暴露时间的延长,出现y相边角钝化变成圆形或近圆形,部分y相发生定向相互连接粗化的现象和趋势;合金的名义屈服强度和抗拉强度随热暴露时间的延长而下降,而塑性则明显提高,导致合金强度下降塑性提高的主要原因之一则是γ'强化相的聚集粗化;热暴露前后,室温拉伸断口均为枝晶组织断裂,热暴露后的试样拉伸断面出现少量沿晶断裂特征和浅而小的韧窝,且存在韧窝的数量随热暴露时间的延长而增多.     

K403镍基铸造合金热暴露后的微观组织与性能

采用扫描电镜研究了K403镍基铸造高温合金在850℃下,热暴露50～200 h后的微观组织,并分析了力学性能的变化.结果表明:热暴露前后的组织均为典型的树枝晶组织,热暴露后(γ+γ’)相共晶特征趋于不明显,MC碳化物部分发生分解,在枝晶间、晶界附近和碳化物周围析出有害的TCP脆性相即针状σ相,并且随着热暴露时间的延长,针状σ相析出量增多;合金的名义屈服强度和抗拉强度随热暴露时间的延长而下降,硬度略有提高,塑性降低;针状的σ脆性相的析出是导致合金力学性能下降的主要原因之一.     

700℃超超临界锅炉管用617B合金时效组织演变

研究了700℃超超临界锅炉管用617B合金在720℃/10 000 h、800℃/2000 h和850℃/100 h时效和不同温度50 h时效过程中组织稳定性及力学性能变化。结果表明:617B合金在10 000 h长期时效末期组织稳定性较差,γ′相粗化且晶界上有有害相析出;温度对617B合金的组织稳定性影响较大,随着温度升高γ′相急剧粗化,晶内析出相发生转变;合金的硬度主要受γ′相析出规律的影响;720℃时效过程中晶内有拉链状析出相,其种类、结构有待进一步研究。     

Effect of Aging Time at High Temperature on Microstructural Evolution Behavior of a Nickel-Based Single Crystal Superalloy

研究了高温时效对一种镍基单晶高温合金组织演变行为的影响。使合金在980, 1050, 1100 ℃,进行20, 50, 100 h的短期时效及在1100 ℃下进行200~800 h的长期时效,采用扫描电子显微镜进行组织形貌的观察、电子探针显微分析仪分析TCP相的成分,并对时效后的试样进行硬度测试。试验结果表明：在短期时效时,γ'相的粗化符合扩散控制理论的长大规律,即r3与t成正比,可求得不同温度的粗化长大系数;在长期时效下,1100 ℃时效400 h后,筏排状的γ'相形成且有TCP相析出,TCP相中富含Re和W元素;此外,在1050 ℃时效50 h及在1100 ℃时效20和100 h后,合金中也有TCP相的析出;硬度结果显示,不同时效条件的试样硬度值没有明显变化     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.