基于直线检测的虹膜快速定位方法

首先通过灰度投影法确定坐标转换原点,将直角坐标下的虹膜内外边缘圆转换成极坐标下的类直线,再引入辅助校正点手段定位虹膜的内边缘和圆心．利用改进Canny算子及曲线拟合定位虹膜的外边缘及圆心,提高了虹膜定位的精确度．实验结果表明：该算法具有较强的鲁棒性,能较好地定位质量不高的虹膜图像,且虹膜定位时间平均为0．1S,适用于实时虹膜图像识别．     

一种虹膜定位的新算法

针对虹膜外径边缘图像提取的困难,提出对增强了对比度的虹膜图像进行阈值分割之后用圆检测方法进行虹膜定位的简便而快速的算法.首先,根据虹膜图像的边缘图像用圆检测随机Hough变换方法提取瞳孔的圆心与半径;然后,对用直方图均衡化方法增强了对比度的虹膜图像进行阈值分割,提取分割后的图像的二值边缘图像;最后,利用已经提取的瞳孔的圆周参数等先验知识检测虹膜外径与圆心。实验结果表明,该算法提高了虹膜定位的速度,并且具有较好的健壮性与稳定性。     

一种虹膜定位算法

针对虹膜二值边缘图像提取的困难，提出利用虹膜图像的灰度边缘图像以及虹膜的几何特征进行虹膜定位的快速算法。首先根据虹膜图像的整体灰度分布信息特征，利用改进的Sobel算子提取虹膜的灰度边缘图像，然后利用圆的对称性质以及投票策略提取虹膜的中心，最后利用Hough变换的半径直方图投票提取虹膜内外径。实验结果证明，该算法提高了虹膜定位的速度，并且具有较强的抗干扰能力。     

轮廓初始点检测对眼睛虹膜区域反射光的去除

针对传统人眼反射光模型单一的缺陷,提出了一种自适应的对不规则形状人眼反射光的检测并去除算法。对含有人眼反射光区域,应用区域生长算法对人眼图像进行分割,并利用垂直边缘检测算子提取虹膜左右轮廓边界,拟合虹膜轮廓,对虹膜所在轮廓区域,采用提出的反射光轮廓初始点检测算法,反射光区域判定算法,对其轮廓的位置进行自动定位并提取,利用虹膜及瞳孔的纹理信息对人眼反射光覆盖区域进行修补。通过对不同人眼图像进行验证,结果表明该方法对检测不同噪声条件下的虹膜反射光具有鲁棒性,并且能够更加快速有效地对虹膜反射光进行去除。     

Iris segmentation in non-ideal images using graph cuts

A non-ideal iris image segmentation approach based on graph cuts is presented that uses both the appearance and eye geometry information. A texture measure based on gradients is computed to discriminate between eyelash and non-eyelash regions, combined with image intensity differences between the iris, pupil, and the background (region surrounding the iris) are utilized as cues for segmentation. The texture and intensity distributions for the various regions are learned from histogramming and explicit sampling of the pixels estimated to belong to the corresponding regions. The image is modeled as a Markov Random Field and the energy minimization is achieved via graph cuts to assign each image pixel one of the four possible labels: iris, pupil, background, and eyelash. Furthermore, the iris region is modeled as an ellipse, and the best fitting ellipse to the initial pixel based iris segmentation is computed to further refine the segmented region. As a result, the iris region mask and the parameterized iris shape form the outputs of the proposed approach that allow subsequent iris recognition steps to be performed for the segmented irises. The algorithm is unsupervised and can deal with non-ideality in the iris images due to out-of-plane rotation of the eye, iris occlusion by the eyelids and the eyelashes, multi-modal iris grayscale intensity distribution, and various illumination effects. The proposed segmentation approach is tested on several publicly available non-ideal near infra red (NIR) iris image databases. We compare both the segmentation error and the resulting recognition error with several leading techniques, demonstrating significantly improved results with the proposed technique.     

一种快速有效的虹膜图像预处理方法

为解决虹膜识别中的虹膜定位时间较长、虹膜内边界变形、眼睑和睫毛普 遍存在的问题,提出了一种新的虹膜图像预处理方法,该方法对虹膜图像采用数学形态学算 子对图像进行处理,合理有效地减少了边缘图像中非虹膜的边缘点;然后对图像直方图采用 双直线拟合直方图求取检测眼睑和睫毛的阈值。对中科院自动化所CASIA-IrisV3 虹膜数据 库的实验结果显示,提出的虹膜图像预处理方法准确快速,能合理有效去除眼睑和睫毛。     

基于SCM的虹膜干扰区域去除算法

为了提高虹膜识别率,提出了一种新的睫毛及眼睑区域定位算法。为了提取呈不同角度分布的睫毛,结合SCM模型和动态交叉熵准则对归一化虹膜图像进行多次迭代,根据图像的灰度分布特性,选取合适迭代结果,对多幅迭代图像进行边缘像素点跟踪融合来获得理想的干扰区域轮廓定位。采用高斯金字塔尺度变换与霍夫变换相结合的方法对眼睑的类椭圆区域进行拟合,进而获得连续的眼睑边缘,实现对归一化虹膜图像中干扰区域的准确定位。实验结果验证了方法的有效性。     

一种新的基于纹理边缘检测的虹膜定位算法

针对虹膜边缘图像提取的主流方法,提出了一种跳过虹膜外边界检测的直接提取虹膜图象的新方法。首先,根据人眼图像的整体灰度分布特征,用灰度投影的方法进行阈值分割,定位出瞳孔,然后对虹膜边缘进行增强操作并提取边缘信息得到边缘图象,最后以过瞳孔圆心水平直线像素的扫描确定一估计虹膜纹理所在之半径,并以此半径向外搜索分析半环上的像素点直到得到精确的虹膜纹理区外边界止。实验结果表明,该方法整体上提高了虹膜提取及后续的识别速度,并且具有较好的定位效果。     

基于分水岭算法的虹膜区域分割

在论文中使用了分水岭分割算法与区域合并相结合的方法,有效地对虹膜图像进行分割,并减少过度分割现象。首先对原图像做平滑处理,使用sobel梯度算子得到原图像的梯度图,然后使用分水岭算法对梯度图进行区域分割,最后将分割图像的过度分割部分进行区域合并。实验证明这种方法可以应用于分割带有噪声的图像,也能够减少过度分割现象。仿真结果表明,把这种方法用于虹膜区域分割中,可以得到精确的、封闭的虹膜边缘。     

基于最小二乘原理的牛眼虹膜分割方法

近年来,动物虹膜识别有成为一种新的动物标识技术的趋势,对于肉类食品安全控制具有潜在的应用价值.提出了一种基于最小二乘原理的牛眼虹膜分割方法,根据牛眼虹膜的结构特征,利用最小二乘原理分别进行内外椭圆拟合.内椭圆利用牛眼瞳孔的边缘直接拟合;外椭圆通过在牛眼虹膜外边缘点中随机选择若干个边缘点来拟合,避免了外边缘点的噪声影响,然后通过计算外边缘点和拟合外椭圆间的距离来寻找最合适的外椭圆;最后通过几何方法进行牛眼虹膜归一化.实验结果表明,该方法与其他传统算法相比,运算速度快,具有较好的拟合精度.     

最小方差搜索圆心的快速虹膜定位算法

为了改善虹膜识别的实时性,提出一种新的快速虹膜定位方法。首先对虹膜图像进行去噪处理,然后采用类间方差法对图像进行阈值分割,再运用投影方法粗略得到虹膜内边缘圆心和半径,最后根据粗定位得到内边缘圆周参数,采用所提出的算法对虹膜内边缘进行精定位;对于外边缘定位,依据先验知识以及内边缘圆周参数去掉虹膜图像多余的边缘点及噪声点,缩小搜索范围,然后采用同样的算法对外边缘进行精定位。实验结果表明,该方法能够准确快速的定位出虹膜内外边缘,定位速度较传统算法提高了十倍左右,并且减少了传统定位算法搜索的盲目性。     

Efficient and robust segmentation of noisy iris images for non-cooperative iris recognition

This paper describes the winning algorithm we submitted to the recent NICE.I iris recognition contest. Efficient and robust segmentation of noisy iris images is one of the bottlenecks for non-cooperative iris recognition. To address this problem, a novel iris segmentation algorithm is proposed in this paper. After reflection removal, a clustering based coarse iris localization scheme is first performed to extract a rough position of the iris, as well as to identify non-iris regions such as eyelashes and eyebrows. A novel integrodifferential constellation is then constructed for the localization of pupillary and limbic boundaries, which not only accelerates the traditional integrodifferential operator but also enhances its global convergence. After that, a curvature model and a prediction model are learned to deal with eyelids and eyelashes, respectively. Extensive experiments on the challenging UBIRIS iris image databases demonstrate that encouraging accuracy is achieved by the proposed algorithm which is ranked the best performing algorithm in the recent open contest on iris recognition (the Noisy Iris Challenge Evaluation, NICE.I).     

A new iris segmentation method for non-ideal iris images

Many researchers have studied iris recognition techniques in unconstrained environments, where the probability of acquiring non-ideal iris images is very high due to off-angles, noise, blurring and occlusion by eyelashes, eyelids, glasses, and hair. Although there have been many iris segmentation methods, most focus primarily on the accurate detection with iris images which are captured in a closely controlled environment. This paper proposes a new iris segmentation method that can be used to accurately extract iris regions from non-ideal quality iris images. This research has following three novelties compared to previous works; firstly, the proposed method uses AdaBoost eye detection in order to compensate for the iris detection error caused by the two circular edge detection operations; secondly, it uses a color segmentation technique for detecting obstructions by the ghosting effects of visible light; and thirdly, if there is no extracted corneal specular reflection in the detected pupil and iris regions, the captured iris image is determined as a “closed eye” image.     

Iris image segmentation based on approximate methods with subsequent refinements

A system of methods for the detection and segmentation of iris in frontal eye images is presented. Input data are images used in modern iris recognition systems. Coordinates of outer and inner iris borders and the mask of the visible iris region or a decision that the image does not contain the iris of acceptable quality are obtained at the output. The system starts processing with an approximate detection of the eye center followed by an approximate detection of the outer and inner iris borders. If one of these borders is not detected, a further attempt is made to locate it using a different algorithm. Ultimately, the precise borders of the iris are determined at the last steps using specifically designed methods. The system is tested on public iris image databases as well as using the international IREX NIST test.     

基于纹理方向能量特征的虹膜识别算法

为了解决传统虹膜识别系统在非理想虹膜图像下识别性能不够好的问题,提出了基于纹理方向能量特征的虹膜识别方法。该方法先设计一组水平与垂直的方向滤波器提取虹膜的纹理边缘,比较虹膜纹理边缘在两个方向的能量强度,生成方向能量差异特征图。将特征图分块,选取每块能量差值的极值点作为有效特征点,编码生成特征向量。此外,膨胀噪声模板,消除噪声以及卷积运算中噪声点对周围有效特征点的影响。用汉明距离进行匹配。在采用中科院提供的CASIA3.0虹膜库测试中获得了较好的识别率。     

Robust and accurate iris segmentation in very noisy iris images

Iris segmentation plays an important role in an accurate iris recognition system. In less constrained environments where iris images are captured at-a-distance and on-the-move, iris segmentation becomes much more difficult due to the effects of significant variation of eye position and size, eyebrows, eyelashes, glasses and contact lenses, and hair, together with illumination changes and varying focus condition. This paper contributes to robust and accurate iris segmentation in very noisy images. Our main contributions are as follows: (1) we propose a limbic boundary localization algorithm that combines K-Means clustering based on the gray-level co-occurrence histogram and an improved Hough transform, and, in possible failures, a complementary method that uses skin information; the best localization between this and the former is selected. (2) An upper eyelid detection approach is presented, which combines a parabolic integro-differential operator and a RANSAC (RANdom SAmple Consensus)-like technique that utilizes edgels detected by a one-dimensional edge detector. (3) A segmentation approach is presented that exploits various techniques and different image information, following the idea of focus of attention, which progressively detects the eye, localizes the limbic and then pupillary boundaries, locates the eyelids and removes the specular highlight.     

活体虹膜图像的定位与分割

介绍了一种活体虹膜的定位与分割算法。算法主要分为两部分：圆环的定位与非虹膜区域的去除。本算法根据眼睛的生理特点和数字虹膜图像的实际情况，利用传统定位方法与数学形态学相结合对虹膜区域进行快速而准确的定位，并分别提出了去除眼睑、睫毛和光斑影响的解决方案。算法中也考虑到实际应用可能遇到的影响虹膜定位与分割的问题。实验表明，该算法取得较好的分割结果，并且具有鲁棒性。     

基于微积分法的虹膜边缘检测技术的研究

当前社会,人们对于身份安全越来越重视,尤其是在一些高度保密或者涉及个人隐私方面的场合,一对一的身份识别显得尤为重要。而虹膜识别恰好具备高效、不易被仿造等特点,使其作为一项身份识别技术被推向了热潮。图像边缘检测一直是图像处理中的经典研究课题,也是至今仍没有得到圆满解决的一类问题。因此,探讨获取图像的边缘和轮廓的问题,是图像工程师们的重中之重。而虹膜识别技术中的边缘检测也如上所说是重要的一项技术,虹膜的内外边界可以近似地用圆来拟合。内圆表示虹膜与瞳孔的边界,外圆表示虹膜与巩膜的边界,但是这两个圆并不是同心圆。而如何更好、更准确地且不受外界干扰以及图像模糊情况下仍能较为有效地进行内外圆的边缘检测是研究的重点。文中就微积分法用于虹膜边缘检测方面展开了研究。     

一种基于修正差分进化的虹膜定位算法

提出一种用于虹膜定位的差分进化算法(modified differential evolution,MDE).MDE和原始差分进化算法(differential evolution,DE)主要有3点不同:第一,MDE采用了基于混沌序列的尺度因子和基于均匀分布的交叉率,这有助于提高候选解的多样性;第二,MDE使用中心解来修正最差解的变异操作,这有助于提高候选解的质量;第三,MDE使用最好解来帮助受困解摆脱局部最优点.在搜索边缘前,两种有效的去噪方法被用来减少虹膜图像中噪声的影响.去噪后,再使用MDE和其他4种方法来进行虹膜定位.在中科院(Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation,CASIA)眼图数据库中选择200幅来自不同个体的虹膜图像来验证和比较MDE及其他4种方法的效率.实验结果表明,与其他4种方法相比,MDE使用更少的执行时间来定位瞳孔边缘和虹膜边缘.     

基于灰度投影和Hough变换的快速虹膜定位方法

针对虹膜边缘图像提取的困难,提出了将灰度投影和Hough变换相结合的快速定位方法。首先,根据人眼图像的整体灰度分布特征,用灰度投影的方法进行阈值分割,定位出瞳孔,然后对虹膜边缘进行增强操作并提取边缘信息,最后以瞳孔的圆心和半径为参考,缩小搜索范围,用改进的Hough变换法精确定位出虹膜边缘。实验结果表明,该方法提高了虹膜定位的速度,并且具有较好的定位效果。