水下滑翔机水动力性能分析及滑翔姿态优化研究

水下滑翔机是一种新型的无人运载器,具有低阻力、长航程、长续航力特点,其独特的设计显示出了极大的优势。文中采用数值模拟方法计算了不同速度不同攻角情况下水下滑翔机的阻力、升力及对于浮心的俯仰力矩,对其周围流场水动力学性能进行了分析,并通过流场的流动结构研究了受力随滑翔姿态变化的规律。从做功的角度提出了滑翔姿态的优化目标函数,得出水下滑翔机模型高效滑翔姿态角的控制规律。     

舰船典型隐身桅杆流体动力数值实验研究

该文以舰船棱柱型结构的隐身桅杆为研究对象,利用计算流体力学软件CFX和ICEM在不同雷诺数和攻角的条件下对模型进行数值实验,将数值实验所得到的各项结果与在哈尔滨工程大学船模拖曳水池中进行的实验数据相比较,结果表明通过数值实验方法可以进行定常力的求解,但是在脉动压力的求解时误差相对较大一些,在此基础之上提出了数值实验的改进方法。通过数值实验的方法研究了在不同雷诺数和不同攻角的条件下定常力、脉动压力、斯特诺哈尔数和脉动压力随攻角的变化趋势,发现攻角的变化不仅对定常力有影响,而且对脉动压力、斯特诺哈尔数和漩涡的发放也有着巨大的影响,并且不同攻角对应的斯特诺哈尔数在Re=6.38×105时候变化比较大,而在Re=9.57×105时变化幅度比较小。     

大攻角下轴对称航行体空化流动特性试验研究

为掌握大攻角条件下轴对称航行体的空泡形态以及表面压力分布特征,本文对不同攻角,不同空泡数条件下轴对称航行体的流体动力特性进行了水洞试验研究,获取了不同试验条件下空泡的不同形态和压力分布.试验结果分析表明,在大攻角状态下,航行体表面的空泡分布不对称性加剧,迎背水面压差作用范围加大,导致航行体法向受力加大.研究结果在工程设计中有重要意义.     

喷水推进一体式操舵倒航机构中方向舵受力的CFD研究

为研究喷水推进操舵倒航机构的力学特性,针对两种一体式操舵倒航机构方向舵(型式1和型式2),采用RANS方法及VOF算法,对方向舵进行两相流计算,得到不同舵角下的流场,并进行操舵流场分析.结果显示,随舵角增加,型式1的侧向力整体比型式2大,且在小舵角下优势更为明显;方向舵进口的喷溅损失系数和舵角成正相关,且型式1的喷溅损...     

振荡流下带圆角单柱体绕流特性数值研究

为研究带圆角柱体在非均匀流场中的水动力特性,基于流体动力学计算软件Fluent,运用层流模型对振荡流(Re=160,KC=7)下带圆角单柱体的绕流问题进行二维数值模拟研究,分析来流攻角和圆角半径两个参数对柱体尾涡结构和流体力系数的影响,并揭示其流体运动机理。研究发现:来流攻角和圆角半径的变化均会对柱体结构的流场特性和流场力系数影响显著;同时,不同来流攻角下,圆角半径的影响程度会发生改变。当α=0°与R⁺≤0.2时,升力系数时程曲线呈现拍频现象,且其FFT谱会存在主次频;此外,当来流攻角增大时,升力系数的脉动性会增强。当α≤22.5°时,惯性力系数起主导作用,而当α>22.5°时,拖曳力系数起主导作用。     

基于椭圆正弦攻角运动振动翼的能量采集性能分析

振动翼作为一种有效的潮流能、风能换能装置,可将潮流或风的动能转化为机械动能推动电机发电。该文通过调整机翼的周期性垂向运动与旋转运动实现机翼与来流的有效攻角控制,来流对机翼的流体动升力可推动机械装置往复运动并转换为电机的转动。假定机翼表面的边界层极薄,黏性仅在边界层内部作用,泻出涡仅从机翼的尾缘处泻出,引入势流理论,采用边界元法与泻出涡模型模拟机翼边界层的外部流场。主要分析了机翼以椭圆正弦为有效攻角运动的振动运动的能量采集性能,计算NACA0012机翼在不同运动频率、振动幅值与有效攻角时的能量采集效率,并分析了椭圆正弦K参数对能量采集的影响,研究实现高效率能量采集的机理。     

双锥头型回转体空化特性实验研究

该文以双锥头型回转体为研究对象,开展了攻角0°–6°、空化数0.3–1.0范围内共计20个工况的水洞实验,获得了空泡形态和回转体表面压力分布;根据实验观测结果,提出了四种类型的流型划分,研究了各类型空泡流状态下的表面压力特征,给出了不同空化数和攻角下的空泡流流型图;对空泡长度进行了定量判读,分析了小空化数下重力对空泡长度的影响,获得了空泡长度、迎背流面空泡长度差随攻角、空化数的变化规律。     

六附属旋转小圆柱对主圆柱绕流特性的影响

基于计算流体动力学方法,对雷诺数Re=200条件下,六附属旋转小圆柱与主圆柱体二维绕流进行了数值模拟.考虑来流攻角(θ=0°-60°)与附属圆柱旋转速率(α=0.0-2.0)两个关键参数对主圆柱体流体力系数,以及流场特性的影响,最后分析了附属圆柱临界转速与来流攻角之间的变化.结果 表明:来流攻角和附属圆柱旋转速率的变化...     

不同流速对鲫鱼推进效率影响的数值研究

鱼类趋流性的试验和鱼类游动的数值模拟是当前研究的两个热点,大多数鱼类不仅有趋流特性而且还能高效节能的向前推进,开展鱼类趋流性与推进效率关系的研究既能完善鱼类推进机理理论,也能在鱼道设计时提高其过鱼效率。本文以鲫鱼在不同恒定流速中的实测游泳数据为依据,利用计算流体力学软件flow-3d对鱼类波状摆动进行数值模拟,建立鲫鱼游动的数值计算模型,研究在不同流速下鲫鱼完成一个运动周期后所对应的推进效率。结果表明,随着流速的增大鱼的推进效率呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势,当流速条件为0.5 m/s时对应的鱼类推进效率值最大,也是推进效率随流速变化的转折点。该研究获得了鲫鱼在顶流运动状态下鱼类推进效率与流速条件之间的相关关系。     

近地面翼型气动特性的实验测量和数值模拟

该文研究了二维翼型地面效应的气动特性问题。首先在风洞中对NACA0012翼型进行了水平光滑壁面附近的测压实验,得到了低速条件下该翼型的表面压力分布实验数据。而后利用数值模拟方法,计算了采用定常不可压缩流动N-S方程和标准S-A湍流模型的翼型地面效应。经对比分析,计算结果与风洞实验数据在相同实验条件下较为一致,验证了该数值方法的可靠性。进而通过对NACA0012翼型在运动地面和固定地面两种不同的边界条件附近的绕流计算,给出了近地面飞行翼型气动性能随离地高度、攻角的变化规律。     

HYDRODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF A SWIMMING BIONIC ROBOT TUNA

A dynamic model for undulatory locomotion was proposed to study the swimming mechanism of a developed bionic robot tuna. On the basis of inviscid hydrodynamics and rigid-body dynamics, the momentum and propulsive force required for propelling the swimming robot tuna’s flexible body was calculated. By solving the established dynamic equations and efficiency formula, the swimming velocity and propulsive efficiency of the bionic robot tuna were obtained. The relationship between the kinematic parameters of the robot tuna’s body curve and the hydrodynamic performances was established and discussed after hydrodynamic simulations. The results presented in this article can be used to increase the swimming speed, propulsive thrust, and the efficiency of underwater vehicles effectively.     

Propulsive performance of a passively flapping plate in a uniform flow

Propulsive performance of a passively flapping plate in a uniform viscous flow has been studied numerically by means of a multiblock lattice Boltzmann method. The passively flapping plate is modeled by a rigid plate with a torsion spring acting about the pivot at the leading-edge of the plate, which is called a lumped-torsional-flexibility model. When the leading-edge is forced to take a vertical oscillation, the plate pitches passively due to the fluid-plate interaction. Based on our numerical simulations, various fundamental mechanisms dictating the propulsive performance, including the forces on the plate, power consumption, propulsive efficiency and vortical structures, have been studied. It is found that the torsional flexibility of the passively pitching plate can improve the propulsive performance. The results obtained in this study provide some physical insights into the understanding of the propulsive behaviors of swimming and flying animals.     

DYNAMICS OF FREE STRAIGHT SWIMMING OF ANGULLA ANGULLA INCLUDING FORWARD, BRAKING AND BACKWARD LOCOMOTION

Eels can swim backward by reversing the direction of the traveling wave along the body. The propulsive mechanism of an eel, angulla angulla, during its self-propelled straight swimming, including forward swimming, braking and switching direction to backward swimming was numerically studied. The problem was reasonably simplified to a loose-coupling problem of fish swimming dynamics and hydrodynamics only in the swimming direction. The approach involved the simulation of the flow by solving the two-dimensional unsteady incompressible N-S equations and the fish motion dynamic problem with Newton’s second law. Visualizations of flow fields and vortex structures were performed. The propulsive mechanism and dynamics during each process were investigated and the effects of controllable factors on forward free swimming were discussed.     

蝌蚪模型并列游动的数值研究

该文通过数值求解雷诺平均N-S方程,对高雷诺数下蝌蚪模型同相位和反相位并排游动进行了数值研究,揭示了并列蝌蚪群游的流动机制。研究表明,非流线型的蝌蚪并列群游与流线型的鱼体不同。蝌蚪同相位并列游动时,总推力比单独游动时低,尽管能量消耗有所增加但推进效率更高;蝌蚪反相位并列游动时,总推力比单独游动时低,但比同相位并列游动时高,间距很近时消耗的能量会显著增加,而推进效率依然提高。蝌蚪的钝体头部产生的涡在群游时有利于增加推力。     

Effect of head swing motion on hydrodynamic performance of fishlike robot propulsion

This paper studies the effect of the head swing motion on the fishlike robot swimming performance numerically.Two critical parameters are employed in describing the kinematics of the head swing: the leading edge amplitude of the head and the trailing edge amplitude of the head.Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are used to compute the viscous flow over the robot.The user-defined functions and the dynamic mesh technology are used to simulate the fishlike swimming with the head swing motion.The results reveal that it is of great benefit for the fish to improve the thrust and also the propulsive efficiency by increasing the two amplitudes properly.Superior hydrodynamic performance can be achieved at the leading edge amplitudes of 0.05L( L is the fish length) and the trailing edge amplitudes of 0.08 L.The unsteady flow fields clearly indicate the evolution process of the flow structures along the swimming fish.Thrust-indicative flow structures with two pairs of pressure cores in a uniform mode are generated in the superior performance case with an appropriate head swing,rather than with one pair of pressure cores in the case of no head swing.The findings suggest that the swimming biological device design may improve its hydrodynamic performance through the head swing motion.     

Hydrodynamic performance of distributed pump-jet propulsion system for underwater vehicle

A type of distributed pump-jet propulsion system （DPJP） is developed with two or four specially designed pump-jet pods located around the axisymmetric underwater vehicle body symmetrically. The flow field is numerically simulated by solving the RANS equations with the finite volume method. The computational method is validated by comparing the calculated hull resistances of the SUBOFF AFF-3 model and the open water performance of a ducted propeller with experimental data. The hydrodynamic performances of the DPJP with different axial or radial positions and numbers of pump-jet pods are obtained to analyze the interactions between the hull and the pump-jet pods. It is shown in the calculated results that the decrease of the distance between the pods and the hull leads to an increase both in the efficiency of the pods and the thrust deduction factor due to the effect of the stern wake. And, a negative thrust deduction factor can be obtained by locating the DPJP at the parallel middle body near the aftbody of the vehicle to improve the hydrodynamic performance of the DPJP. Besides, the increase of the number of pods will cause a remarkable decrease of the total propulsive efficiency of the DPJP with the pods mounted on the stern planes, while a small decline of the total propulsive efficiency of the DPJP is observed with the pods mounted on the parallel middle body.     

Numerical study on propulsive performance of fish-like swimming foils

1. INTRODUCTION The study of the movement of fishes can be very informative in exploring mechanisms of unsteady flow control because movements in fish is a result of many millions of years of evolutionary optimization. Previous studies have shed light on …     

Effects of obstacles and flow velocity on locomotory behavior in juvenile,silver carp,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

We currently have only a minimal understanding of energy‐saving strategies of fish in unsteady flows. In this study, we found that obstacle shape can affect swimming ability of fish: our results suggested that a half cylinder improved critical swimming speed of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) compared with swimming downstream of a full cylinder, square tube or for free‐flow conditions. We also discovered how silver carp alter their locomotory behavior in response to turbulent flow caused by varying flow velocities around obstacles. At a flow velocity of 1 BL/s (body length per second), the fish spent similar percentages of time between holding station and moving forward behind the half cylinder: their motions resembled freestream swimming behavior. The greatest percentage of time spent downstream of the half cylinder occurred at a flow velocity of 5 BL/s. Fish were unstable and displayed irregular body motions with large lateral displacement at 5 BL/s. However, the fish held station for a long time and moved forward steadily behind the half cylinder at 3 BL/s. In holding station behind the half cylinder, fish maintained constant tail‐beat frequency and tail‐ beat amplitude when flow velocity was increased from 1 to 3 BL/s. In moving forward behind the half cylinder, fish increased tail‐beat frequency and tail‐beat amplitude while maintaining constant ground swimming speed, swimming acceleration and ground stride when flow velocity was increased from 3 to 5 BL/s. Moreover, fish positioned their snouts in a small area approximately 1–3 BL downstream from the half cylinder at 3 BL/s. These behaviors support the hypothesis that turbulence behind a half cylinder was a suitable location for fish to conserve energy at 3 BL/s. Our results indicate that the combined effect of obstacles and flow velocity influence fish locomotory behavior, and some combinations may be beneficial to fish energy expenditure swimming in unsteady flow.     

Numerical and experimental studies of hydrodynamics of flapping foils

The flapping foil based on bionics is a sort of simplified models which imitate the motion of wings or fins of fish or birds. In this paper, a universal kinematic model with three degrees of freedom is adopted and the motion parallel to the flow direction is considered. The force coefficients, the torque coefficient, and the flow field characteristics are extracted and analyzed. Then the propulsive efficiency is calculated. The influence of the motion parameters on the hydrodynamic performance of the bionic foil is studied. The results show that the motion parameters play important roles in the hydrodynamic performance of the flapping foil. To validate the reliability of the numerical method used in this paper, an experiment platform is designed and verification experiments are carried out. Through the comparison, it is found that the numerical results compare well with the experimental results, to show that the adopted numerical method is reliable. The results of this paper provide a theoretical reference for the design of underwater vehicles based on the flapping propulsion.     

动态规划逐次渐近法在江都三站叶片全调节优化中的应用

以南水北调东线江都三站为例,建立站内多机组叶片全调节优化数学模型,采用动态规划逐次渐近法寻找目标值最优时的各阶段开机台数及叶片安放角度最优组合方案,并运用基于整数线性规划的试验选优法对计算结果进行验证,验证结果表明计算结果可靠,所采用方法可行。