Compressive properties of open-cell ceramic foams

The compressive experiments of two kinds of ceramic foams were completed. The results show that the behavior of ceramic foams made by organic filling method is anisotropic. The stress-strain responses of ceramic foams made by sponge-replication show isotropy and strain rate dependence. The struts brittle breaking of net structure of this ceramic foam arises at the weakest defects of framework or at the part of framework, which causes the initiation and expanding of cracks. The compressive strength of ceramic foam is dependent on the strut size and relative density of foams.     

Inclusion removal using ceramic foam filters and filter size estimation

It is well known that inclusion removal processes play a key role in casting quality control and the use of ceramic foam filters has grown substantially over the past few years. In this study specific weight separation and the deep bed mechanism have been studied and are discussed in detail. Mathematical models for pressure head drop and filter sizing have been established and tested experimentally. The effective combination of these models with the design of the gating system provides the basic idea for optimization of the inclusion removal process during casting.     

Removal of inclusions from molten aluminum with actively coated ceramic filters

1　INTRODUCTIONMoltenaluminumissoactivethatitreactseasilywithO2 andH2 OtoproduceAl2 O3inclusionsandH2duringmeltingpractice .However ,someinclusions ,suchasAl2 O3,Al4 C3,MgAl2 O4 etc ,areproducedduringelectrolyticprocess .Aluminum productscon tainingtheseinclusionswill probablyexhibit poortoughnesspropertiesinservice[1,2 ] .Theinclusionsof 30 μmindiametercannotre movedfrommoltenaluminumusing glassfibrouswebsorfoamceramicfilters .Fromkineticsofchemi calreaction ,itisshownthatliquidalu…     

SiC泡沫陶瓷增强ZL205A铝合金复合材料的制备与性能研究

本实验通过挤压浸渗工艺成功制备了SiC泡沫陶瓷增强ZL205A铝合金复合材料,并研究了不同孔隙率的泡沫陶瓷增强相对复合材料性能的影响。通过微观结构分析,制备的复合材料两相间结合紧密,没有裂纹及其他缺陷产生。多孔陶瓷作为增强相可以有效地细化ZL205A合金的晶粒,多孔陶瓷孔隙率的降低,孔结构越小,合金晶粒越细小。对制备的复合材料进行力学性能测试,复合材料的硬度和抗弯强度最高能够达到127.6HV和415MPa。对制备的复合材料进行摩擦磨损测试,结果表明,连续陶瓷相的存在将铝基体严重的粘着磨损和剥落磨损转变为较轻的磨粒磨损,极大提升了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,为其用于耐磨领域提供了理论依据。     

Al-Si过共晶钎料的制备及其对核用SiC陶瓷的焊接研究

SiC是核聚变反应堆流道插件及结构材料的优秀候选材料。为了获得大尺寸的SiC部件,通过钎焊方法连接SiC,选择50Al-50Si合金作为钎料,研究50Al-50Si合金钎料的显微组织、力学性能及在真空1100℃×10min条件下对SiC陶瓷的钎焊性能。并在此钎料基体上加入不同含量(2%,6%,10%,14%)的Ti,研究Ti的加入对钎料显微组织性能及SiC陶瓷接头力学性能的影响。结果表明,Al-Si-Ti钎料能完成SiC陶瓷的连接而获得性能优异的接头。在Ti含量增加到6%时,接头剪切强度升高至138.98MPa,随着Ti含量增多,接头剪切强度又下降。     

镁铝质直孔陶瓷过滤器的研制

采用特制的切割机切割聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制型，浇注镁铝质浆料成型过滤器的方法．研究了浆料的成分、过滤器的结构参数等对过滤器性能的影响规律．进行了该种过滤器过滤４５＃钢的对比实验．结果表明：该种过滤器成型简单方便、性能优良，用于过滤钢水具有良好的效果     

用Ti/Ag粉坯连接的SiC陶瓷界面

以Ti、Ag金属粉末压坯做焊料,采用热压反应烧结连接工艺连接再结晶SiC陶瓷.当焊接温度为1030℃,接头抗弯强度最高达116.8 MPa,为母材强度的73.4%.显微分析表明:在焊料产物层与SiC陶瓷母材之间形成一个反应层,焊接温度的变化对反应层的厚度有明显影响;反应层主要由TiC、Ti5Si3和Ti3SiC2组成,且Ti3SiC2紧邻母材SiC,而TiC则靠近焊料产物层一侧.SEM分析表明:焊料产物层为黑白相间的复相区,白色相主要是AgTi,黑色相主要由Ti和AgTi3组成.     

Fe2O3对SiC基泡沫陶瓷过滤器性能的影响

采用有机前驱体浸渍法制备SiC基泡沫陶瓷过滤器,通过对SiC基泡沫陶瓷过滤器热震性、抗压强度的测试以及显微结构的分析,研究了Fe2O3对泡沫陶瓷过滤器强度和烧结等性能的影响.实验表明:随着Fe2O3含量的增加,泡沫陶瓷过滤器的抗压强度随之增加,而抗热震次数显著减少;Fe2O3的加入能够起到助烧作用,但是过量的Fe2O3会导致烧结体产生过量的玻璃相,Fe2O3的含量应控制在1.5wt%以内.     

SiC颗粒对粉末冶金泡沫铝的力学性能影响

本文在SiC颗粒增强粉末冶金泡沫铝压缩试验的基础上,研究SiC颗粒对其力学性能、吸能能力和吸能效率的影响。结果表明:SiC颗粒增强粉末冶金泡沫铝压缩应力应变曲线,呈现线弹性变形、屈服平台阶段、致密化阶段;其屈服强度随SiC颗粒的体积百分含量增大而增大。     

SiC/Nb/SiC扩散连接接头的界面构造及接合强度

使用Ｎｂ箔作中间层对常压烧结ＳｉＣ陶瓷进行了真空扩散连接。在最初的反应阶段，六方晶的Ｎｂ２Ｃ和Ｎｂ６Ｓｉ３Ｃｘ反应物分别在Ｎｂ和Ｓｉ侧形成。随着连接时间的增加，立方晶的ＮｂＣ和六方晶的ＮｂＳｉ２相在界面出现。试验结果表明，在１７９０Ｋ，３６ｋｓ的连接条件下所获得的扫头，其室温剪切强度达到１８７ＭＰａ，高温剪切强度超过１５０ＭＰ。     

铜基钎料钎焊SiC/Nb的接头组织及强度

为了连接SiC陶瓷与铌合金．用铜基钎料对SiC陶瓷与金属铌进行了钎焊,并对接头的微观组织、形成机理和高温强度进行了研究。结果表明,使用铜基钎料可以实现SiC陶瓷和铌合金的连接且在试验温度范围内。接头强度随钎焊温度升高呈上升趋势。通过扫描电子显微镜现察,钎料与SiC陶瓷钎焊接头明显分层,存在一层较厚的过渡层,性质介于金属与陶瓷之间。获得这种层状结构对缓和焊接残余应力十分有利,500℃下,三点弯曲强度试验测试达290MPa。     

Red mud and fly ash-based ceramic foams using starch and manganese dioxide as foaming agent

Ceramic foams were prepared using red mud and fly ash as raw materials with sodium borate as sintering aid agent, starch and MnO₂ as foaming agent, respectively. The influence of the amount of starch or MnO₂ on the crystalline phase, pore morphology and physical–chemical porosities was studied. The results showed that the main crystal phases of samples with starch addition and MnO₂ addition were sodalite phase Na₆ (AlSiO₄)₆ and Na₈(SiAlO₄)₆MnO₄, respectively. The SEM images showed that the variation of porous structure was mainly dominated by the addition of foaming agent. With the increase of foaming agent, the samples exhibited better comprehensive properties: bulk density of 0.59–0.96 g/cm³, porosity of 41.82%–63.51%, water absorption of 3.16%–9.17%, compressive strength of 4.22–8.38 MPa, flexural strength of 2.44–5.82 MPa, acid resistance of 95.59%–99.60%, alkali resistance of 99.82%–99.99%. Based on these properties, the ceramic foams can be used in building field.     

CaO/MgO比对钙镁硅系陶瓷纤维晶化行为的影响

采用DTA、XRD等分析测试方法,探讨了钙镁硅系陶瓷纤维组成中CaO/MgO比值变化对晶化行为的影响.实验结果表明,随着钙镁比值的增大,纤维的玻璃态网络结构趋于致密,晶化温度逐渐提高;经过热处理后,钙镁比值较低(2:1)的样品中析出的主晶相为透辉石,钙镁比值较高(3:1～5:1)的样品中析出的主晶相为副硅灰石或硅灰石;相同热处理条件下,增大钙镁比值有利于主晶相的长大.     

原位自生MgO对氯化物熔盐腐蚀性的影响

熔融氯化物盐是优异的传热流体和热能储存介质,在太阳能发电领域具有广泛的应用价值。但在实际工作环境下,熔融氯化物盐对金属管道（Inconel 625合金）有较强的腐蚀性,Inconel 625焊丝通常作为修补材料在太阳能管道修补上使用。为了解决熔融氯化物盐对Inconel 625熔敷金属的强腐蚀性问题,采用MAG焊堆焊出Inconel 625熔敷金属,探究在KCl-MgCl₂熔盐中加入纳米级MgO颗粒与MgCl₂·6H₂O原位自生MgO对KCl-MgCl₂盐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明：Inconel 625熔敷金属在KCl-MgCl₂、KCl-MgCl₂+5% MgO和KCl-MgCl₂+5% MgCl₂·6H₂O（质量分数）中经过72 h的腐蚀后,试样的质量损失分别为0.00714、0.00512和0.00308 g·cm^-2。Inconel 625熔敷金属在原位自生MgO熔盐中的腐蚀速率同比降低56.86%和39.85%。熔盐中加入纳米MgO颗粒虽然能够缓解氯化物熔盐的腐蚀性,但熔盐发生团聚或沉降现象,导致MgO和MgCr₂O₄保护壳层分布不均匀;在熔盐中添加MgCl₂·6H₂O使其原位生成MgO,生成的MgO和MgCr₂O₄保护壳层更加均匀,能够阻碍腐蚀性介质侵蚀,是降低氯化物熔盐腐蚀性的有效方法。     

工艺参数对SiC陶瓷热压反应连接强度的影响

采用Ag粉和Ti粉作为焊料，对再结晶SiC陶瓷进行热压反应连接。研究了2种工艺，其中工艺1与传统的扩散焊工艺相似，即分别在不同的焊接温度下保温一定的时间；而工艺2则是首先在某一较高温度下进行短时间的保温，以利于Ti与SiC母材发生适度的界面反应，促进界面结合，同时液相银的出现将显著缓解焊接应力，随后在另一相对较低的温度下保温较长时间，以利于Ag—Ti金属间化合物的形成，有利于提高接头的焊接强度和工作温度。结果表明，采用工艺2获得的接头抗弯强度较高，达到SiC陶瓷母材强度的73．4％。微观结构研究表明，在界面处生成了反应层，焊料产物主要由两种相相间组成。EDX分析结果表明，界面处发生了元素的互扩散。     

Effects of filter materials on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91

The present investigation studied the effects of different kinds of ceramic foam filters (CFF) incorporating gas bubbling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of virgin AZ91 alloys, and the reactions between filters and Mg melt during filtration. The results show that the purification process of CFF incorporating gas bubbling process can obviously improve the R m and A of AZ91 alloy, especially the A. Amongst the selected four kinds of CFF, the MgO filter is the most suitable for filtrating Mg melt, and the filtration effective sequence of four kinds of filtrating materials is as follows: MgOAl2O3ZrO2SiC. With MgO filter incorporating gas bubbling treatment under Ar flow rate of 2 L/min and temperature of 730 °C, the ultimate tensile strength R m and elongation A can be improved greatly from 175.3 MPa and 2.74% to 195.4 MPa and 4.54%, respectively. No inclusions are found on the fracture surface of the sample filtrated by MgO ceramic foam filter, and the fracture mode is quasicleavage crack.     

热压注成型ZrSiO4—MgO—Al2O3三元复合直孔陶瓷过滤器的研究

介绍了热压注法成型ＺｒＳｉＯ４－ＭｇＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３三元复合材料直孔陶瓷过滤器的工艺，采用优化设计方法研究了ＺｒＳｉＯ４－ＭｇＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３三元复合陶瓷过滤器材料的配比，进行了过滤钢水的试验。结果表明，该种过滤器具有良好的性能与应用效果。适合于工业化大批量生产。     

SiC纳米线对Ni-Cr-P钎料及Ni-Cr-P/Q235焊点组织与性能影响

采用具有优良高温强度、高热导率、高耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能的SiC纳米线为Ni-Cr-P钎料的添加物,研究了钎料/焊点的组织与性能。结果表明,钎料的组织由Ni(Cr)固溶体、Ni₃P固溶体以及Ni(Cr)和Ni₃P共晶组织组成,微量的SiC纳米线可以显著细化基体组织,使焊点抗剪切强度提高29.6%。SiC纳米线的添加使钎料的熔化温度提高约4℃,显著促进钎料在Q235基板表面的润湿性,增幅达到12.5%。然而,过量添加SiC纳米线会显著粗化基体组织,降低钎料的润湿性和焊点的抗剪切强度。在不同SiC含量的Ni-Cr-P钎料中,Ni-Cr-P-0.1SiC钎料/焊点具有明显的优越性。     

腐蚀产物MgO对Fe基合金在固态和熔融NaCl-MgCl2 中高温耐蚀性能的影响

熔融氯化盐是下一代聚光式太阳能热发电站（第3代CSP）候选传热和储热介质,含MgCl₂的熔融氯化盐对金属传热管道和储热容器腐蚀后在其表面形成MgO,MgO对管道耐腐蚀性能影响尚不清楚。通过对比碳钢和3种Fe-Cr-Ni合金在固态（345 ℃）和熔融NaCl-MgCl₂（445和545 ℃）中的腐蚀行为,分析了MgO对4种试样在不同温度下的腐蚀行为机理。结果表明,在固态NaCl-MgCl₂中,碳钢表面MgO壳致密且连续,可以保护试样免受腐蚀。在熔融NaCl-MgCl₂中,4种试样表面也生成了致密的MgO壳,但它因热应力作用而开裂和剥落,熔融盐沿着氧化膜裂纹渗入MgO/基体界面,发生化学-电化学联合腐蚀反应,不能保护试样免受该熔盐腐蚀。