A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout

The choice of therapeutic endoscopic technique depends on the training and equipment available to the endoscopist. If the technique is properly performed, the results are similar using injection, thermal coagulation, or laser therapy. We recommended that pediatric endoscopists concentrate on one thermal and one injection technique, since individual bleeding lesions may be more amenable to one method than another based on their anatomic location or briskness of bleeding.     

Antecedents and consequences of three dimensions of burnout in psychotherapists: A meta-analysis.

The present study aimed to identify the antecedents of burnout and its consequences for psychotherapists. The meta-analysis showed that, among antecedents, the over-involvement variable had the most significant positive correlation with emotional exhaustion, while the control variable had the most significant negative correlations with depersonalization and personal accomplishment. On the other hand, among consequences, the job satisfaction variable had the most significant positive correlations with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Based on these results, we found resources that can assist with developing burnout prevention interventions for psychotherapists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

The process and dimensions of burnout in psychotherapists.

Conducted 2-hr semistructured interviews with a heterogeneous group of 60 psychotherapists to investigate their experiences of therapeutic practice. According to the Ss, professional satisfaction derives from the ability to promote a helpful therapeutic relationship; dissatisfaction stems primarily from lack of therapeutic success; and burnout is primarily a consequence of the nonreciprocated attentiveness, giving, and responsibility demanded by the therapeutic relationship. Other reasons for burnout included overwork, isolation, and discouragement as a function of the slow pace of the work. Most Ss felt that support systems were essential to resisting burnout. The data suggest that although therapists expect their work to be difficult and even stressful, they also expect their efforts to be rewarding. Burnout is not only psychologically debilitating to therapists, it also critically impairs the delivery of mental health services. (48 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the meaning and use of kurtosis.

For symmetric unimodal distributions, positive kurtosis indicates heavy tails and peakedness relative to the normal distribution, whereas negative kurtosis indicates light tails and flatness. Many textbooks, however, describe or illustrate kurtosis incompletely or incorrectly. In this article, kurtosis is illustrated with well-known distributions, and aspects of its interpretation and misinterpretation are discussed. The role of kurtosis in testing univariate and multivariate normality; as a measure of departures from normality; in issues of robustness, outliers, and bimodality; in generalized tests and estimators, as well as limitations of and alternatives to the kurtosis measure β?, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Role conflict and burnout: The direct and moderating effects of political skill and perceived organizational support on burnout dimensions.

Drawing from previous research on the effect of role conflict on burnout and the Conservation of Resources theory, the authors propose that individual differences in political skill and perceptions of organizational support will be negatively related to burnout and will also moderate the relationship between perceived role conflict and burnout. In a sample of 120 professional employees, political skill was associated with less depersonalization and feelings of reduced personal accomplishment and moderated the role conflict-reduced personal accomplishment relationship. Perceived organizational support was associated with less emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and moderated the role conflict-emotional exhaustion relationship. Implications of results are discussed and directions for future research are offered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the meaning and measurement of goal commitment.

Recent research by Tubbs and Dahl (1991) and Tubbs (1993) has proposed that discrepancy measures of goal commitment are superior to self-report measures. We explore the theoretical, practical, and empirical problems with discrepancy measures of goal commitment. We reanalyzed some of the relationships discussed by these authors using their data and demonstrate that the failure to control for ability leads to incorrect conclusions regarding the relative usefulness of discrepancy versus self-report measures. In addition, we conducted a separate study to further compare the usefulness of these different measures. Finally, we discuss the meaning of goal commitment and the role of goals in the motivational process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Role of "meaningfulness" versus meaning dimensions in guessing the meanings of foreign words.

Ss guess the meanings of foreign words best when asked to match members of English and foreign antonym pairs. The present study tests the necessity for the word pairs to be antonyms. 394 Ss, comprising 4 groups, guessed the meanings of Chinese and Hindi words under 2 conditions. 2 groups received Chinese or Hindi antonym pairs along with English counterparts. The other groups received the same words but in nonantonym pairs. Results indicate significant departure from chance for all groups but no differences between groups. The interpretation is that a meaningful stimulus rather than a meaning dimension is of importance in a clear demonstration of the phenomenon. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the psychometric€dumetric dimensions of tests.

Comments on R. P. Carver's (see record 1975-00055-001) article on the psychometric and edumetric dimensions of tests, arguing that distinctions drawn between these dimensions may be based on misconceptions about the nature of classical theory. Score interpretation, item selection, growth, and reliability in testing are addressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Optimizing gaze control in three dimensions

Horizontal and vertical movements of the human eye bring new objects to the center of the visual field, but torsional movements rotate the visual world about its center. Ocular torsion stays near zero during head-fixed gaze shifts, and eye movements to visual targets are thought to be driven by purely horizontal and vertical commands. Here, analysis of eye-head gaze shifts revealed that gaze commands were three-dimensional, with a separate neural control system for torsion. Active torsion optimized gaze control as no two-dimensional system could have, stabilizing the retinal image as quickly as possible when it would otherwise have spun around the fixation point.