硬脂酸异辛酯在聚氯乙烯加工中的应用及其流变性能的研究

本文研究了硬脂酸异辛酯(EHO)作为聚氯乙烯树脂增塑剂使用的可能性和适宜用量,以及对聚氯乙烯流变性能的影响。实验结果表明:EHO只能作为聚氯乙烯的辅助增塑剂使用,适宜用量为5～10份;当EHO与DOP以5:45份混合使用时,可提高聚氯乙烯软制品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐寒性等性能。同时,通过流变性能实验,发现EHO在聚氯乙烯硬塑料中具有良好的润滑作用。     

大豆油对丁腈橡胶增塑作用的研究

以环保大豆油用作丁腈橡胶(NBR)增塑剂,研究其用量对NBR胶料门尼粘度、流变性能和物理性能的影响,并与增塑剂261进行对比。结果表明:与增塑剂261增塑NBR胶料相比,大豆油增塑NBR胶料的门尼粘度和表观粘度较小,增塑效果和加工性能较好;当增塑剂用量为5份时,大豆油增塑NBR硫化胶的拉伸强度和拉断伸长率较大;但随着增塑剂用量的增大,大豆油增塑NBR硫化胶的物理性能变差。     

用转矩流变仪调节聚氯乙烯/废胶粉热塑性弹性体的加工配方

用转矩流变仪对聚氯乙烯/废胶粉热塑性弹性体的加工温度、加工转速、交联剂用量、增塑剂的种类与用量以及增容剂用量进行了调节。结果表明,用流变仪研究加工配方可以确立加工的最佳工艺参数。选择加工温度在160℃、加工转速为50 r/m in时,安全加工时间适中,且能耗较低。采用促进剂TT硫化体系,当氧化锌用量(质量分数,下同)为4%~6%、促进剂TT为1.6%~2.4%、硫黄为1.6%~2.4%时,材料的性能较好。选用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为增塑剂,共混体系的流动性能较好,加工能耗较低,且增塑剂用量为24%~30%较为适宜。选用丁腈橡胶作增容剂,当其用量为4.90%~7.91%时,有利于提高聚氯乙烯与废胶粉之间的界面结合,用量过大会使共混体系的加工性能大幅度下降。     

紧密型聚氯乙烯硬管配方的流变性能研究

突破生产聚氯乙烯硬制品非采用疏松型聚氯乙烯不可的惯例,用美国哈克(HAAKE)EU-5型转矩流变仪,以紧密型聚氯乙烯为基料进行配方实验,采取加强稳定化和改善物料塑化流动性能等工艺措施,使以紧密型聚氯乙烯为基料配方的流变性能与采用疏松型聚氯乙烯为基料配方的流变性能基本一致,对生产中工艺配方的正确设计具有实际指导意义。     

赤泥填充高聚物的研究——Ⅱ.赤泥填充聚氯乙烯管材的研究

本文主要研究了赤泥(RM)填充聚氯乙烯(PVC)管材的物理机械性能和加工工艺性能。用控温装置检测RM与稳定剂对PVC热稳定性的影响,使用Brabender转矩流变仪探索了不同RM—PVC共混体系的流变性能,讨论了不同型树脂、RM组分、增塑剂及大分子改性剂对材料物性及加工性能的影响。     

环氧大豆油对软PVC性能影响的研究

研究了环氧大豆油对软聚氯乙烯(PVC)性能的影响。实验表明,铅盐和有机锡的热稳定性较好,单独使用硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、环氧大豆油或不足量的有机锡热稳定剂时,PVC样品很快变色。环氧大豆油与硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、有机锡热稳定剂并用时,环氧大豆油具有很好的协同效应;但环氧大豆油和硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌不能简单替代有机锡稳定剂。热重分析证明了不同热稳定剂的效果。作为辅助增塑剂,环氧大豆油用量应低于5份。     

软质聚氯乙烯中增塑剂含量的定量分析研究

以丙酮、乙醚、正己烷和甲醇为萃取剂,萃取聚氯乙烯(PVC)/粉末丁腈橡胶(PNBR)热塑性弹性体制品和软质聚氯乙烯制品。考察了4种有机溶剂萃取增塑剂的效果及萃取时间对萃取效果的影响。实验结果表明:乙醚作为萃取聚氯乙烯/粉末丁腈橡胶热塑性弹性体、软质聚氯乙烯制品中增塑剂的溶剂最为合适,萃取时间为12h。     

NBR/HPVC热塑性弹性体的性能研究(I)

选用丁腈橡胶(NBR)和高聚合度聚氯乙烯(HPVC)为主体材料,用动态硫化制备了一类性能优异的材料丁腈橡胶 高聚合度聚氯乙烯共混型热塑性弹性体(TPE)。研究了聚氯乙烯聚合度、橡塑化、增塑剂、填充剂用量等因素对动态硫化NBR HPVC热塑性弹性体力学性能的影响。     

柠檬酸三（2-丙基庚）酯环保增塑剂的合成与性能

以柠檬酸和2-丙基庚醇为原料,活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸为催化剂合成了柠檬酸三(2-丙基庚)酯(TPHC)环保增塑剂,最佳反应条件为:反应时间6 h,催化剂用量为柠檬酸质量的1.5%,醇酸摩尔比3.7∶1,反应温度不超过140℃,柠檬酸的酯化率在99.5%以上。对合成的产品进行了红外光谱、质谱分析。将TPHC作为增塑剂制成聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂,并进行了拉伸性能、加热减量、热重分析,实验结果表明,TPHC具有优异的增塑性能,且耐高温,耐挥发,具有极大的工业化开发价值。     

分子模拟技术应用于增塑PVC结构与性能研究

应用特定的分子模拟计算技术,研究了3种增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、癸二酸二辛酯(DOS)、偏苯三酸三辛酯(TOTM)对聚氯乙烯(PVC)在增塑剂吸收速度、力学性能、硬度和相对电容率等方面的影响.结果表明:分子模拟微观图可在一定程度上解释不同增塑剂在PVC力学及相对电容率等方面性能的差异,并能解释随DOP用量增加,材料力学性能变化的原因.     

环氧化菜籽油基PVC增塑剂的制备与性能研究

先将菜籽油用苯甲醇醇解,然后再将所得的苯甲醇酯环氧化,制得环氧菜籽油脂肪酸卞酯增塑剂。研究了该增塑剂对聚氯乙烯(PVC)玻璃化转变温度、热稳定性和力学性能的影响。结果表明:每100份PVC树脂加入80份环氧菜籽油脂肪酸卞酯后,PVC树脂的玻璃化转变温度从80℃下降到-28℃,5%热失重温度由240.1℃提升到272.8℃,10%热失重温度由259.9℃提高到288.4℃;分别用环氧菜籽油脂肪酸苄酯和DOP增塑的PVC树脂在常温下显示出相似的力学性能和耐迁移性能。     

环保聚氯乙烯增塑糊凝胶性能的研究

采用转矩流变仪和旋转黏度计研究了PVC树脂种类、增塑剂种类、掺混树脂加入量对环保PVC增塑糊凝胶性能的影响规律。结果表明,PVC糊树脂聚合度越大,增塑糊的凝胶化时间越长;颗粒呈规则圆状树脂配制的增塑糊,其凝胶时间相对较长;颗粒呈扁片状的树脂配制的增塑糊,其凝胶时间相对较短。增塑剂与PVC糊树脂相容性越差,增塑糊的凝胶时间越长。随掺混树脂添加量的增多,凝胶时间逐渐延长,当其加入量为40 份（质量份,下同）时,凝胶时间从空白时的18 min延长至28 min。     

90℃环保PVC护套料的研制

通过研究基础树脂、复合稳定剂、增塑剂、填充剂等对电线电缆用环保聚氯乙烯(PVC)护套料性能的影响,确定了电线电缆用环保PVC护套料配方:PVC为100.0 phr,Ca/Zn复合稳定剂为8.0 phr,邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯为40.0 phr,对苯二甲酸二辛酯为10.0 phr,重质CaCO3为35.0 phr.对产物性能的表征表明,整个配方体系不含对人和环境有害的Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr6 等重金属及多溴联苯及其醚类,护套料性能完全满足90℃环保PVC护套料的标准性能要求,挤出工艺性能优良.     

Development of a PVC Waterproofing Sheet

Stabilizer and plasticizer systems were studied for a PVC waterproofing sheet formulation to be processed by calendering. Combinations of stabilizer-lubricant systems that contained (Ba, Cd, Zn), dibasic lead phosphite, epoxidized soybean oil, barium stearate, calcium stearate, and stearic acid were evaluated. Oven aging tests showed that the system that contained 2 phr (Ba, Cd, Zn) stabilizer, 0.5 phr barium stearate, 5 phr epoxidized soybean oil, and 0.25 phr stearic acid was satisfactory. Combinations of diisodecylphthalate (DIIP), tricresyl phosphate (TCP), polybutylene adipate (PBA), and NBR were evaluated as the plasticizer system. Tensile properties in the machine and the transverse directions, cold flex temperature, loss of volatile matter content, and aging properties were studied as functions of the DIIP and PBA contents. A plasticizer system of 35 phr DIIP and 18 phr PBA was found to be satisfactory. The final formulation was processed at industrial scale and the product was characterized for its tensile properties, cold flex temperature, tear resistance, weldability, permeability to water, shrinkage, and its resistance to heat, light, acid, and water.     

医用消光PVC材料的制备研究

通过探讨不同助剂、不同消光树脂含量对聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料性能的影响,研制了一种消光医用PVC材料,并将其与袋式输液器上常用的5402分液袋(MF)料在力学、化学、生物性能方面进行了比较,结果表明:当消光树脂/PVC的份数比为40 6∶0时可达到很好的消光效果,加入40份消光树脂后,提高了材料的断裂伸长率和韧性,低温韧性(-20℃)也有所提高;与5402分液袋料相比,研制的消光PVC材料在力学性能、化学性能、生物性能上均较优。     

软质聚氯乙烯材料蒸发残渣影响因素的探讨

研究了PVC树脂、增塑剂及填料对PVC垫片接触材料的蒸发残渣性能的影响。结果表明,聚合度越大的PVC树脂,制备的PVC垫片接触材料的蒸发残渣越小,且在正己烷浸泡介质条件下,不易采用种子乳液法的树脂。对于接触酸性食品应选择DX-360增塑剂及T4类填料,接触油性食品应选择ATBC增塑剂及T2类填料。     

高聚合度聚氯乙烯弹性体阻燃性能的研究

研究了高聚合度聚氯乙烯树脂与增塑剂及阻燃剂共混弹性体材料的阻燃性能。结果表明,高聚合度聚氯乙烯材料的强度高于低聚合度的聚氯乙烯,阻燃剂的含量在１０份左右时弹性体材料的氧指数可超过３０。     

改性PVC基树脂铅芯的制备与性能

聚氯乙烯(PVC)基树脂铅芯主要以PVC树脂为黏结剂,以石墨、其他有机或无机颜料为着色剂制作而成的铅芯,PVC基树脂铅芯的配方决定着其加工的工艺性与铅芯质量.通过对现有PVC基树脂铅芯的配方产量低、易分解的问题基础上进行分析,提出添加钙锌稳定剂或硬脂酸钙作PVC热稳定剂、环氧大豆油作助稳定剂的改进方案,并进行挤出实验分...     

Computerized PVC formulating for optimized cost/performance

The versatility of poly(vinyl chloride) is largely a result of its capability to be modified by a wide variety of formulating additives, especially plasticizers and fillers. These additives vary widely with respect to their chemical composition, and the concentrations used in PVC, which impart significant effects on costs and performance properties. Computerized formulating programs have begun to replace laboratory testing directed at developing cost effective PVC formulations. A broad data base is required to capitalize on the many cost effective options posed to the PVC formulator. The Marketing Technical Service function of Exxon Chemical Co. utilizes COPPCO, COmputerized Profit/Performance COnsulting, to evaluate the options. The coherent data base contains 34 different plasticizers ranging from 25 to 90 phr, and can accommodate filler effects over a range of zero to 100 phr. COPPCO performs the following functions: cost and performance properties are predicted for specific formulations; lowest cost formula is defined to satisfy a specified set of performance properties; cost and performance properties are predicted for blends of plasticizers in unfilled and filled PVC compositions; performance properties are graphically presented as a function of PHR of plasticizer and plasticizer blends; graphic contours define constant property values as a function of plasticizer and of filler levels; and three dimensional response surfaces reflect the coincidental variation of both plasticizer and filler levels. COPPCO utilizes SAS (Statistical Analysis System) and Telegraph graphics, combined with sophisticated mainframe programs developed specifically to provide the desired output. Unlimited cost and performance options of the PVC formulator can be evaluated in milliseconds, vs. the traditional laboratory exercises which result in limited data after one to two weeks of sample preparation and testing.     

Application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the study of interactions between PVC and plasticizers: PVC/plasticizer compatibility versus chemical structure of plasticizer

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is applied in the study of interactions between PVC resin and plasticizers in flexible PVC systems. The comparison of the theoretical infrared spectra coming from the addition of the respective component infrared spectra with those of PVC/plasticizer experimental systems gives information about polymer/plasticizer interaction degree. In addition, solvation capacity of the plasticizer varies as a function of its chemical structure, giving rise to compatibility differences between the system components. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1731–1737, 2006