Spray-Coating of Superhydrophobic Coatings for Advanced Applications

Superhydrophobic coatings are widely applicable, e.g., as self-cleaning surfaces or water–oil separation membranes, yet their wider usage is impeded due to costs of fabrication, size, or substrate limitation. Spray-coating is a versatile coating procedures and might offer a good solution for the fabrication of these superhydrophobic coatings, due to the fact that coatings can be fabricated on various materials in a simple, fast, and inexpensive manner. Most procedures rely on hybrid coatings of hydrophobized nanoparticles and a polymeric matrix, which have several drawbacks including the easy loss of nanoparticles and difficult waste handling. Here, the fabrication of the superhydrophobic material, called Fluoropor, for the first time, by spray-coating on various substrates including metals, tissues, concrete, and glass is presented. It is fabricated by spray-coating a mixture of a highly fluorinated monomer blended with porogens followed by photopolymerization. The superhydrophobicity of the material relies on the porous structure on the micro-/nanoscale across the bulk material and does not require any nanoparticles. Excellent self-cleaning ability of these coatings, resistance against thermal and abrasive impact, and their application as oil–water separation membranes are shown. This versatile applicability is highly promising for real-world application as self-cleaning coatings or oil–water separating membranes.     

Scalable Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Coating with Rough Coral Reef-Like Structures for Efficient Self-Cleaning and Oil-Water Separation: An Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study

Superhydrophobic coating has a great application prospect in self-cleaning and oil-water separation but remains challenging for large-scale preparation of robust and weather-resistant superhydrophobic coatings via facile approaches. Herein, this work reports a scalable fabrication of weather-resistant superhydrophobic coating with multiscale rough coral reef-like structures by spraying the suspension containing superhydrophobic silica nanoparticles and industrial coating varnish on various substrates. The coral reef-like structures effectively improves the surface roughness and abrasion resistance. Rapid aging experiments (3000 h) and the outdoor building project application (3000 m²) show that the sprayed superhydrophobic coating exhibits excellent self-cleaning properties, weather resistance, and environmental adaptability. Moreover, the combined silica-coating varnish-polyurethane (CSCP) superhydrophobic sponge exhibits exceptional oil-water separation capabilities, selectively absorbing the oils from water up to 39 times of its own weight. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation reveals that the combined effect of higher surface roughness, smaller diffusion coefficient of water molecules, and weaker electrostatic interactions between water and the surface jointly determines the superhydrophobicity of the prepared coating. This work deepens the understanding of the anti-wetting mechanism of superhydrophobic surfaces from the perspective of energetic and kinetic properties, thereby paving the way for the rational design of superhydrophobic materials and their large-scale applications.     

二氧化硅/聚乙烯基倍半硅氧烷超疏水涂层的制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMOS)对亲水性醇溶胶进行疏水改性,并采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射对涂层表面形貌、结构进行分析。结果表明,VTMOS在对Si O2进行疏水改性的同时,也在氨水的催化作用下通过自身的水解缩聚反应生成了具有规整圆球状聚乙烯基倍半硅氧烷微粒(PVSQ),使较小的纳米级改性Si O2粒子分散于生成的较大的PVSQ微球状粒子表面,不仅改善了Si O2的团聚现象,而且形成了截留更多空气的Si O2-PVSQ复合界面,减少了液滴与固体表面的接触,与含单一疏水Si O2粒子的醇溶胶制备的涂层相比,使得涂层的水接触角(WCA)从143°提高到167°,并使滚动角(SA)从25°下降为3°,实现了真正意义上的超疏水。     

Room-Temperature-Formed PEDOT:PSS Hydrogels Enable Injectable,Soft, and Healable Organic Bioelectronics

There is an increasing need to develop conducting hydrogels for bioelectronic applications. In particular, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogels have become a research hotspot due to their excellent biocompatibility and stability. However, injectable PEDOT:PSS hydrogels have been rarely reported. Such syringe-injectable hydrogels are highly desirable for minimally invasive biomedical therapeutics. Here, an approach is demonstrated to develop injectable PEDOT:PSS hydrogels by taking advantage of the room-temperature gelation property of PEDOT:PSS. These PEDOT:PSS hydrogels form spontaneously after syringe injection of the PEDOT:PSS suspension into the desired location, without the need of any additional treatments. A facile strategy is also presented for large-scale production of injectable PEDOT:PSS hydrogel fibers at room temperature. Finally, it is demonstrated that these room-temperature-formed PEDOT:PSS hydrogels (RT-PEDOT:PSS hydrogel) and hydrogel fibers can be used for the development of soft and self-healable hydrogel bioelectronic devices.     

Superhydrophobic Coatings on Cellulose‐Based Materials: Fabrication,Properties, and Applications

Wettability of a solid surface by a liquid plays an important role in several phenomena and applications, for example in adhesion, printing, and self‐cleaning. In particular, wetting of rough surfaces has attracted great scientific interest in recent decades. Superhydrophobic surfaces, which possess extraordinary water repelling properties due to their low surface energy and specific nanometer‐ and micrometer‐scale roughness, are of particular interest due to the great variety of potential applications ranging from self‐cleaning surfaces to microfluidic devices. In recent years, the potential of superhydrophobic cellulose‐based materials in the function of smart devices and functional clothing has been recognized, and in the past few years cellulose‐based materials have established themselves among the most frequently used substrates for superhydrophobic coatings. In this Review, over 40 different approaches to fabricate superhydrophobic coatings on cellulose‐based materials are discussed in detail. In addition to the anti‐wetting properties of the coatings, particular attention is paid to coating durability and other incorporated functionalities such as gas permeability, transparency, UV‐shielding, photoactivity, and self‐healing properties. Potential applications for the superhydrophobic cellulose‐based materials range from water‐ and stain‐repellent, self‐cleaning and breathable clothing to cheap and disposable lab‐on‐a‐chip devices made from renewable sources with reduced material consumption.     

镁合金超疏水表面的制备技术与应用研究进展

通过制备镁合金超疏水表面,可以有效减少镁合金表面与腐蚀介质的直接接触,从而提高镁合金的耐腐蚀性和防腐涂层稳定性,有助于进一步扩大镁合金在工业等领域中的应用。在简要概述固体表面润湿性的影响因素和相关理论分析的基础上,综述了国内外镁合金超疏水表面制备技术与应用的最新进展,重点归纳了粗糙表面的构建方法,探讨了各种制备方法的特点,总结了镁合金超疏水表面防腐蚀的机理,并提出了镁合金超疏水表面研究的发展方向。     

喷涂法一步制备绿色超疏水白卡纸

目的 为改变纸张表面与水之间的相互作用,提高纸包装材料的抗水性,扩大纸包装的应用范围.方法 采用 γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)对纳米二氧化硅进行疏水改性,然后将改性后的纳米二氧化硅喷涂在白卡纸表面.采用扫描电镜和X射线能谱对喷涂处理后白卡纸的表面形貌和元素组成进行分析,并对其性能进行考察.结果 喷涂后的白卡纸表面具有微纳粗糙结构,表面接触角为156.3°,滚动角为3.5°,具备了超疏水性能.制备的超疏水白卡纸具有优良的自清洁、防污、耐酸碱、耐高低温和牢固度等性能.结论 制备的超疏水白卡纸可用于多种包装场景,大大扩展了白卡纸的应用范围,并且制备过程操作简单,易于实现工业化.     

新型陶瓷基复合超疏水涂层的制备及其性能

为了研究开发新型超疏水涂层的制备方法,改善涂层的结构与性能,以Al₂O₃-40%TiO₂(AT40)、PFA(全氟烷氧基乙烯基醚共聚物)粉末为原始材料,采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)技术,并调整电流、氩气流量等喷涂参数,在铝合金基体表面制备了两种不同的AT40/PFA复合超疏水涂层。利用相对应的测试仪器及分析手段对喷涂态涂层的相组成、显微结构、摩擦系数及基本性能等进行了表征分析。结果表明,两种涂层的相组成均为C₂₀F₄₂、Al₂TiO₅及少量的γ-Al₂O₃、α-Al₂O₃相;涂层表面均为圆形和椭圆形的粒状突起结构,其中突起结构的表面均存在类似荷叶表面结构的二元微纳米乳突结构,其表面粗糙度为9.3 μm和12.41 μm;所得涂层具有良好的综合性能,与水的静态接触角均达到了150°以上,滚动角为4~5°;在其他参数不变的情况下,随着电流的增大及氩气流量的减小,涂层中的陶瓷相含量增加,涂层的粗糙度、摩擦系数、显微硬度及结合强度均增大。     

Biodegradable Materials and Green Processing for Green Electronics

There is little question that the “electronic revolution” of the 20th century has impacted almost every aspect of human life. However, the emergence of solid-state electronics as a ubiquitous feature of an advanced modern society is posing new challenges such as the management of electronic waste (e-waste) that will remain through the 21st century. In addition to developing strategies to manage such e-waste, further challenges can be identified concerning the conservation and recycling of scarce elements, reducing the use of toxic materials and solvents in electronics processing, and lowering energy usage during fabrication methods. In response to these issues, the construction of electronic devices from renewable or biodegradable materials that decompose to harmless by-products is becoming a topic of great interest. Such “green” electronic devices need to be fabricated on industrial scale through low-energy and low-cost methods that involve low/non-toxic functional materials or solvents. This review highlights recent advances in the development of biodegradable materials and processing strategies for electronics with an emphasis on areas where green electronic devices show the greatest promise, including solar cells, organic field-effect transistors, light-emitting diodes, and other electronic devices.     

Healable,Recyclable, and Mechanically Tough Polyurethane Elastomers with Exceptional Damage Tolerance

There is a huge requirement of elastomers for use in tires, seals, and shock absorbers every year worldwide. In view of a sustainable society, the next generation of elastomers is expected to combine outstanding healing, recycling, and damage-tolerant capacities with high strength, elasticity, and toughness. However, it remains challenging to fabricate such elastomers because the mechanisms for the properties mentioned above are mutually exclusive. Herein, the fabrication of healable, recyclable, and mechanically tough polyurethane (PU) elastomers with outstanding damage tolerance by coordination of multiblock polymers of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/polycaprolactone (PCL) containing hydrogen and coordination bonding motifs with Zn²⁺ ions is reported. The organization of bipyridine groups coordinated with Zn²⁺ ions, carbamate groups cross-linked with hydrogen bonds, and crystallized PCL segments generates phase-separated dynamic hierarchical domains. Serving as rigid nanofillers capable of deformation and disintegration under an external force, the dynamic hierarchical domains can strengthen the elastomers and significantly enhance their toughness and fracture energy. As a result, the elastomers exhibit a tensile strength of ≈52.4 MPa, a toughness of ≈363.8 MJ m⁻³, and an exceptional fracture energy of ≈192.9 kJ m⁻². Furthermore, the elastomers can be conveniently healed and recycled to regain their original mechanical properties and integrity under heating.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备超疏水PMHS-SiO2涂膜

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅(SiO_2)溶胶,并以含氢硅油(PMHS)为改性剂,对SiO_2粒子表面进行疏水化处理,然后在玻璃基片上提拉成膜和加热凝胶化,制备出超疏水PMHS-SiO_2涂膜。通过接触角测定、红外光谱、透射电镜、扫描电镜、湿热老化等手段对涂膜的制备条件、结构与性能进行了研究。结果表明,在PMHS/SiO_2质量比为1:1、改性时间为4 h、涂膜热处理温度170℃、热处理时间3 h的条件下,可制得具有优良超疏水性的PMHS-SiO_2涂膜,其水接触角可达163°,滚动角可低至3°-5°,且具有优异的耐湿热老化性能。对改性前后的SiO_2溶胶和PMHS-SiO_2涂膜的结构形态研究发现,PMHS与SiO_2表面产生了化学结合,形成了PMHS-SiO_2杂化交联材料;涂膜表面被疏水性PMHS包覆,同时较均匀地分布着许多粒径为50-400 nm的微米-纳米双重粗糙度的微凸体,这是产生优异的超疏水性能的主要原因。     

Structuring of Functional Spider Silk Wires,Coatings, and Sheets by Self‐Assembly on Superhydrophobic Pillar Surfaces

Spider silk has recently become a material of high interest for a large number of biomedical applications. Previous work on structuring of silk has resulted in particles (0D), fibers (1D), films (2D), and foams, gels, capsules, or microspheres (3D). However, the manufacturing process of these structures is complex and involves posttreatment of chemicals unsuitable for biological applications. In this work, the self‐assembly of recombinant spider silk on micropatterned superhydrophobic surfaces is studied. For the first time, structuring of recombinant spider silk is achieved using superhydrophobic surfaces under conditions that retain the bioactivity of the functionalized silk. By tuning the superhydrophobic surface geometry and the silk solution handling parameters, this approach allows controlled generation of silk coatings, nanowires, and sheets. The underlying mechanisms and governing parameters are discussed. It is believed that the results of this work pave the way for fabrication of silk formations for applications including vehicles for drug delivery, optical sensing, antimicrobial coatings, and cell culture scaffolds.     

High-Performance,Light-Stimulation Healable,and Closed-Loop Recyclable Lignin-Based Covalent Adaptable Networks

In this work, high-performance, light-stimulation healable, and closed-loop recyclable covalent adaptable networks are successfully synthesized from natural lignin-based polyurethane (LPU) Zn²⁺ coordination structures (LPUxZy). Using an optimized LPU (LPU-20 with a tensile strength of 28.4 ± 3.5 MPa) as the matrix for Zn²⁺ coordination, LPUs with covalent adaptable coordination networks are obtained that have different amounts of Zn. When the feed amount of ZnCl₂ is 9 wt%, the strength of LPU-20Z9 reaches 37.3 ± 3.1 MPa with a toughness of 175.4 ± 4.6 MJ m⁻³, which is 1.7 times of that of LPU-20. In addition, Zn²⁺ has a crucial catalytic effect on “dissociation mechanism” in the exchange reaction of LPU. Moreover, the Zn²⁺-based coordination bonds significantly enhance the photothermal conversion capability of lignin. The maximum surface temperature of LPU-20Z9 reaches 118 °C under the near-infrared illumination of 0.8 W m⁻². This allows the LPU-20Z9 to self-heal within 10 min. Due to the catalytic effect of Zn²⁺, LPU-20Z9 can be degraded and recovered in ethanol completely. Through the investigation of the mechanisms for exchange reaction and the design of the closed-loop recycling method, this work is expected to provide insight into the development of novel LPUs with high-performance, light-stimulated heal ability, and closed-loop recyclability; which can be applied toward the expanded development of intelligent elastomers.     

疏水二氧化硅/聚苯乙烯超疏水复合涂层的简易制备及其防沾污性研究

采用喷枪及家用简易喷雾器在含有聚乙烯(PE)膜的纸张表面制备了含疏水二氧化硅纳米颗粒和聚苯乙烯的超疏水复合涂层。随着疏水二氧化硅纳米颗粒含量的增加,表面逐渐被二氧化硅颗粒覆盖,并且形成微纳米孔洞结构,达到超疏水性,并具有良好的耐粘附稳定性,水、牛奶和橙汁等液滴可从这些超疏水表面滚落而不残留,具有良好的防沾污能力。     

Green Innovation for Urban Traffic

With the development of economy, the issue of urban traffic is becoming highlighted, the pollution of the urban traffic has become one of the main factors to influence environment. It faces the broader problem of achieving sustainable development of urban transportation at present. The current situation of urban traffic is analyzed through studying the existing articles at home and abroad in this paper; the problems such as green innovation of urban traffic are elaborated. In addition, this paper puts forward the relevant measures to promote the development of green innovation of the urban traffic.     

仿生超疏水聚丙烯薄膜的制备与性能

采用简单溶剂/非溶剂法制备出超疏水性聚丙烯薄膜。该薄膜表面与水的接触角为160°,滚动角小于4°。pH值为1～14的水溶液在其表面都有很高的接触角。通过对表面进行扫描电子显微镜分析可知,薄膜具有类鸟巢状多孔微纳米复合微观结构,这种结构可捕获空气,形成水与基底之间的气垫,对表面超疏水性的产生起到了关键的作用。用Cassi...