Scalable Fabrication of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanostructures and their Assembly

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is a multifunctional material that can be used for various applications. In the single-crystalline form, MoS₂ shows superior electronic properties. It is also an exceptionally useful nanomaterial in its polycrystalline form with applications in catalysis, energy storage, water treatment, and gas sensing. Here, the scalable fabrication of longitudinal MoS₂ nanostructures, i.e., nanoribbons, and their oxide hybrids with tunable dimensions in a rational and well-reproducible fashion, is reported. The nanoribbons, obtained at different reaction stages, that is, MoO₃, MoS₂/MoO₂ hybrid, and MoS₂, are fully characterized. The growth method presented herein has a high yield and is particularly robust. The MoS₂ nanoribbons can readily be removed from its substrate and dispersed in solution. It is shown that functionalized MoS₂ nanoribbons can be manipulated in solution and assembled in controlled patterns and directly on microelectrodes with UV-click-chemistry. Owing to the high chemical purity and polycrystalline nature, the MoS₂ nanostructures demonstrate rapid optoelectronic response to wavelengths from 450 to 750 nm, and successfully remove mercury contaminants from water. The scalable fabrication and manipulation followed by light-directed assembly of MoS₂ nanoribbons, and their unique properties, will be inspiring for device fabrication and applications of the transition metal dichalcogenides.     

Roll‐to‐Roll Production of Layer‐Controlled Molybdenum Disulfide: A Platform for 2D Semiconductor‐Based Industrial Applications

A facile methodology for the large‐scale production of layer‐controlled MoS₂ layers on an inexpensive substrate involving a simple coating of single source precursor with subsequent roll‐to‐roll‐based thermal decomposition is developed. The resulting 50 cm long MoS₂ layers synthesized on Ni foils possess excellent long‐range uniformity and optimum stoichiometry. Moreover, this methodology is promising because it enables simple control of the number of MoS₂ layers by simply adjusting the concentration of (NH₄)₂MoS₄. Additionally, the capability of the MoS₂ for practical applications in electronic/optoelectronic devices and catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction is verified. The MoS₂‐based field effect transistors exhibit unipolar n‐channel transistor behavior with electron mobility of 0.6 cm² V^?1 s^?1 and an on‐off ratio of ≈10³. The MoS₂‐based visible‐light photodetectors are fabricated in order to evaluate their photoelectrical properties, obtaining an 100% yield for active devices with significant photocurrents and extracted photoresponsivity of ≈22 mA W^?1. Moreover, the MoS₂ layers on Ni foils exhibit applicable catalytic activity with observed overpotential of ≈165 mV and a Tafel slope of 133 mV dec^?1. Based on these results, it is envisaged that the cost‐effective methodology will trigger actual industrial applications, as well as novel research related to 2D semiconductor‐based multifaceted applications.     

Highly Flexible Hybrid CMOS Inverter Based on Si Nanomembrane and Molybdenum Disulfide

2D semiconductor materials are being considered for next generation electronic device application such as thin‐film transistors and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) circuit due to their unique structural and superior electronics properties. Various approaches have already been taken to fabricate 2D complementary logics circuits. However, those CMOS devices mostly demonstrated based on exfoliated 2D materials show the performance of a single device. In this work, the design and fabrication of a complementary inverter is experimentally reported, based on a chemical vapor deposition MoS₂ n‐type transistor and a Si nanomembrane p‐type transistor on the same substrate. The advantages offered by such CMOS configuration allow to fabricate large area wafer scale integration of high performance Si technology with transition‐metal dichalcogenide materials. The fabricated hetero‐CMOS inverters which are composed of two isolated transistors exhibit a novel high performance air‐stable voltage transfer characteristic with different supply voltages, with a maximum voltage gain of ≈16, and sub‐nano watt power consumption. Moreover, the logic gates have been integrated on a plastic substrate and displayed reliable electrical properties paving a realistic path for the fabrication of flexible/transparent CMOS circuits in 2D electronics.     

纳米技术研究新进展及发展展望

综述了我国纳米技术研究现状，并对我国纳米技术进一步发展政策从宏观和微观上进行了探讨，提出了措施和建议。     

Phosphorene and Phosphorene‐Based Materials – Prospects for Future Applications

Phosphorene, a single‐ or few‐layered semiconductor material obtained from black phosphorus, has recently been introduced as a new member of the family of two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials. Since its discovery, phosphorene has attracted significant attention, and due to its unique properties, is a promising material for many applications including transistors, batteries and photovoltaics (PV). However, based on the current progress in phosphorene production, it is clear that a lot remains to be explored before this material can be used for these applications. After providing a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in phosphorene synthesis, advantages and challenges of the currently available methods for phosphorene production are discussed. An overview of the research progress in the use of phosphorene for a wide range of applications is presented, with a focus on enabling important roles that phosphorene would play in next‐generation PV cells. Roadmaps that have the potential to address some of the challenges in phosphorene research are examined because it is clear that the unprecedented chemical, physical and electronic properties of phosphorene and phosphorene‐based materials are suitable for various applications, including photovoltaics.     

化学气相沉积法制备金刚石薄膜的工业应用

评述了金刚石薄膜的化学气相沉积方法,介绍了金刚石薄膜在工业中的应用前景,并分析了大规模应用所面临的技术困难。     

Recent Advances of Porous Graphene: Synthesis,Functionalization, and Electrochemical Applications

Graphene is a 2D sheet of sp² bonded carbon atoms and tends to aggregate together, due to the strong π–π stacking and van der Waals attraction between different layers. Its unique properties such as a high specific surface area and a fast mass transport rate are severely blocked. To address these issues, various kinds of 2D holey graphene and 3D porous graphene are either self‐assembled from graphene layers or fabricated using graphene related materials such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Porous graphene not only possesses unique pore structures, but also introduces abundant exposed edges and accelerates mass transfer. The properties and applications of these porous graphenes and their composites/hybrids have been extensively studied in recent years. Herein, recent progress and achievements in synthesis and functionalization of various 2D holey graphene and 3D porous graphene are reviewed. Of special interest, electrochemical applications of porous graphene and its hybrids in the fields of electrochemical sensing, electrocatalysis, and electrochemical energy storage, are highlighted. As the closing remarks, the challenges and opportunities for the future research of porous graphene and its composites are discussed and outlined.     

Recent Advances in Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Two‐Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets

During recent decades, a giant leap in the development of nanotechnology has been witnessed. Numerous nanomaterials with different dimensions and unprecedented features have been developed and provided unimaginably wide scope to solve the challenging problems in biomedicine, such as cancer diagnosis and therapy. Recently, two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) nanosheets (NSs), including MoS₂, WS₂, and etc., have emerged as novel inorganic graphene analogues and attracted tremendous attention due to their unique structures and distinctive properties, and opened up great opportunities for biomedical applications, including ultrasensitive biosensing, biological imaging, drug delivery, cancer therapy, and antibacterial treatment. A comprehensive overview of different synthetic methods of ultrathin 2D TMDC NSs and their state‐of‐the‐art biomedical applications, especially those that have appeared in the past few years, is presented. At the end of this review, the future opportunities and challenges for 2D TMDC NSs in biomedicine are also discussed.     

二硅化钼材料的研究现状及应用前景

二硅化钼作为一种重要的高温发热材料和结构材料,一直受到材料科学家的广泛重视．本文对二硅化钼及其复合材料国内外的研究现状进行了全面介绍,对近年来的研究方向进行了归纳和总结,包括高温变形、氧化机理和复合强化等方面．指出了国内这些方面的研究与国际水平相比存在的差距和不足,并分析了原因．最后,对二硅化钼及其复合材料的应用市场前景进行了分析和展望．     

Superconducting Applications: Present and Future

I examine present and future applications of superconductors. The host of requirements that must be satisfied for a successful commercial application are described and discussed briefly. The substantial role of materials in applications, the large number of requirements on successful commercial superconducting wire, and the trends in superconducting material development are discussed.     

A Critical Review on Enhancement of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production by Molybdenum Disulfide: From Growth to Interfacial Activities

Ultrathin 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), which is the flagship of 2D transition‐metal dichalcogenide nanomaterials, has drawn much attention in the last few years. 2D MoS₂ has been banked as an alternative to platinum for highly active hydrogen evolution reaction because of its low cost, high surface‐to‐volume ratio, and abundant active sites. However, when MoS₂ is used directly as a photocatalyst, contrary to public expectation, it still performs poorly due to lateral size, high recombination ratio of excitons, and low optical cross section. Besides, simply compositing MoS₂ as a cocatalyst with other semiconductors cannot satisfy the practical application, which stimulates the pursual of a comprehensive insight into recent advances in synthesis, properties, and enhanced hydrogen production of MoS₂. Therefore, in this Review, emphasis is given to synthetic methods, phase transitions, tunable optical properties, and interfacial engineering of 2D MoS₂. Abundant ways of band edge tuning, structural modification, and phase transition are addressed, which can generate the neoteric photocatalytic systems. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities with respect to MoS₂ being a cocatalyst and coherent light–matter interaction of MoS₂ in photocatalytic systems are proposed.     

Perovskite Oxides in Catalytic Combustion of Volatile Organic Compounds: Recent Advances and Future Prospects

Volatile organic compounds are a kind of important indoor and outdoor air pollutants. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the ways of volatile organic compound elimination because of its potential long-term effects on human health. Among the various available methods for volatile organic compound elimination, the catalytic combustion is the most attractive method due to its high efficiency, low cost, simple operation, and easy scale-up. Perovskite oxides, as a large family ...     

二硫化钼纳米材料在光催化应用中的研究进展

二硫化钼(MoS_2)具有类石墨烯层状结构、良好的光学性能和电子传输特性,在光催化、太阳能电池、光开关等领域具有广阔的应用前景,一直备受关注。综述了近5年MoS_2纳米材料在光催化降解有机物和光催化水解制氢领域内的最新研究进展,分析了MoS_2纳米材料在光催化应用中存在的主要问题与挑战,重点介绍了相关解决方法。最后展望了MoS_2纳米材料在光催化应用中的发展方向和应用前景。     

Recent Advances on Graphene Quantum Dots: From Chemistry and Physics to Applications

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) that are flat 0D nanomaterials have attracted increasing interest because of their exceptional chemicophysical properties and novel applications in energy conversion and storage, electro/photo/chemical catalysis, flexible devices, sensing, display, imaging, and theranostics. The significant advances in the recent years are summarized with comparative and balanced discussion. The differences between GQDs and other nanomaterials, including their nanocarbon cousins, are emphasized, and the unique advantages of GQDs for specific applications are highlighted. The current challenges and outlook of this growing field are also discussed.     

Recent Advances in Atomic Metal Doping of Carbon‐based Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion

Nanostructured metal‐contained catalysts are one of the most widely used types of catalysts applied to facilitate some of sluggish electrochemical reactions. However, the high activity of these catalysts cannot be sustained over a variety of pH ranges. In an effort to develop highly active and stable metal‐contained catalysts, various approaches have been pursued with an emphasis on metal particle size reduction and doping on carbon‐based supports. These techniques enhances the metal‐support interactions, originating from the chemical bonding effect between the metal dopants and carbon support and the associated interface, as well as the charge transfer between the atomic metal species and carbon framework. This provides an opportunity to tune the well‐defined metal active centers and optimize their activity, selectivity and stability of this type of (electro)catalyst. Herein, recent advances in synthesis strategies, characterization and catalytic performance of single atom metal dopants on carbon‐based nanomaterials are highlighted with attempts to understand the electronic structure and spatial arrangement of individual atoms as well as their interaction with the supports. Applications of these new materials in a wide range of potential electrocatalytic processes in renewable energy conversion systems are also discussed with emphasis on future directions in this active field of research.     

Progress and Prospects of Graphdiyne‐Based Materials in Biomedical Applications

Graphdiyne is a new member of the family of carbon‐based nanomaterials that possess two types of carbon atoms, sp‐ and sp²‐hybridized carbon atoms. As a novel 2D carbon‐based nanomaterial with unique planar structure, such as uniformly distributed nanopores and large conjugated structure, graphdiyne has shown many fascinating properties in mechanics, electronics, and optics since it was first experimentally synthesized in 2010. Up to now, graphdiyne and its derivatives have been reported to be successfully applied in many areas, such as catalysis, energy, environment, and biomedicine, due to these excellent properties. Herein, the current research progress of graphdiyne‐based materials in biomedical fields is summarized, including biosensing, biological protection, cancer therapy, tissue engineering, etc. The advantages of graphdiyne and its derivatives are presented and compared with other carbon‐based materials. Considering the potential biomedical and clinical applications of graphdiyne‐based materials, the toxicity and biocompatibility are also discussed based on current studies. Finally, future perspectives and possible biomedical applications of graphdiyne‐based materials are also discussed.