共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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涂层缓释一次肥以其独特的缓释增效功能,成为农用BB肥创新的亮点,其克服了一般BB肥简单掺混的先天不足,应用膜反应与团絮结构原理,针对氮、磷、钾肥料不同特性开发出三大系列涂层涂液,分别涂布于不同颗粒表面,形成一层或多层包膜,成为具有“控氮缓释、促磷增效、防钾淋失”功能,粒度均匀、色彩各异的单质改性肥料颗粒,再采用掺混工艺根据测土施肥需要科学组配与作物全生育期养分需求变化相协调的友好环境、缓释高效的肥料创新产品。几年来的示范推广实践证明,涂层缓释一次肥增产、提质、增效显著。 相似文献
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介绍美国农业广泛采用的推荐施肥(或称测土施肥)技术的具体方法和推荐施肥用的掺混肥料。我国应结合具体条件改进化肥生产,提高科学施肥的水平。 相似文献
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2007年《中央1号文件》再次把“三农”列为全党、全国的重心工作。文件中,首次提出了“发展新型农用工业”的号召,这是对从事新型农用工业工作者的极大鼓舞。肥料产业是构筑新型农用工业的重要组成部分,也是农业——种植业的物质基础。解读《中央1号文件》,必须以科学发展观为指针,推进肥料产品创新、施肥技术创新、施肥农机创新,以节本增效为目标、测土配肥为纽带、缓释增效为重点、机播深施为措施、免耕播种为模板,全面提升现代农业施肥整体水平,为实现农业的可持续发展提供重要的支撑与保障。 相似文献
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着重讨论了我国目前正在实施的测土配方施肥工程与肥料生产经营企业发展之间的关系,探讨了腐植酸肥料企业参与测土配方施肥工程的途径、要求以及战略意义,并简要地介绍了测土配方施肥工程的技术与操作环节. 相似文献
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有机中微肥在沃土工程建设中的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
围绕沃土工程建设,分析了肥料的生产和应用中存在的“三重三轻”的问题。笔者认为:测土平衡施肥是沃土工程建设的关键;土壤营养元素的丰缺是肥料二次加工的理论依据;必需元素的有效性是优质配方肥料质量的重要指标;活性必需元素的生产成本是配方肥能否推广的重要因素;肥料生产企业应把提高肥料利用率作为研究的课题。有机中微肥在肥料生产,尤其是二次加工中扮演了重要角色,是沃土工程建设中必不可少的要素。 相似文献
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中国科学院与农业部、教育部共同组织的“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重点项目“新型高效肥料创制”,在北京启动。该专项针对制约我国肥料资源高效利用的难题展开攻关,是国家测土配方推荐施肥工程、沃土工程、丰粮工程等的关键配套技术。在该项目前期实施的半年多时间里,各课题都取得了实质性进展。其中,由中科院沈阳应用生态研究所承担的“氮、磷肥缓释促释技术”部分成果,已经在山东施可丰化工股份有限公司投产应用。该公司投资2700万元建成了我国最大的缓释复(混)肥生产基地,第一期年产600kt生产线已经在山东临沂投入生产。由中国农业大学… 相似文献
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Diffusion of fertilizers from controlled-release sources uniformly distributed in soil 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Controlled release of a fertilizer from capsules, uniformly distributed in the soil and its diffusion under different degrees of soil saturation are studied theoretically. Solutions are suggested for slow release with constant or first order consumption (absorption, degradation) rate of the fertilizer in the soil.The fertilizer's release rate is dominated by two consecutive processes: 1) Release from the capsule to the soil solution, and 2) Molecular diffusion and mass transport in the soil. In this study, diffusion in stagnant soil solution is considered. For a systematic examination of membrane-controlled release mechanism three classes of fertilizers are studied: (A) low, (B) medium and (C) very high solubility (although the last generally does not need a membrane cover to further impede its slow release into the soil solution).An approximated solution is suggested assuming slow release into a spherical soil domain with zero flux on its boundary. An implicit finite difference scheme is used for the numerical solution, and the results are analyzed by means of dimensional analysis. The applied simplifying assumptions allowed us to study quantitatively the interactive role of soil properties, capsules, fertilizers and sink functions, in controlled release processes. The release rate is found to be higher as fertilizers' solubility, membrane conductance, source size and soil moisture content increase. Higher number of capsules per unit volume of soil and higher encapsulated mass elongate the release process.The suggested model may be useful in testing existing or designed controlled-release devices under simulated normal, as well as extreme, environmental conditions, and thereby help improve products and application. 相似文献
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缓释、控释肥料生产、使用前景展望 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
从我国氮、磷、钾肥高消费、低利用率的现状,阐述了为什么缓控释肥被列为国家中长期科学技术发展计划的优先主题之一。介绍了哪些肥料是缓释、控释肥及当前世界生产、消费量。据估计,2005年世界缓释、控释肥料产量及消费量不超过100万t/a,若包括用于大田作物,具有一定缓释性能的包膜、包裹、包囊肥料,即广义的缓释、控释肥料世界生产、消费量已达120万t/a。展望了缓控释肥生产使用前景,在世界范围内,缓控释肥生产与消费的制约条件是产品价格;就国内而言,农民对肥料要求速效、速溶、速散是推广缓释、控释肥的主要思想障碍。降低生产成本,转变农民对缓释肥的认识,才能推动我国缓控释肥高速发展。 相似文献
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试论缓释氮肥及其农业化学评价 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
基于化肥的农业化学要求讨论和评价缓释氮肥:(1)缓释氮肥的农业化学特点及其肥效;(2)土壤是一个十分复杂的系统,缓释氮肥施用入土后的释放速率因不同土壤条件而变化,难以预测;(3)相应提出了若干开发缓释氮肥的建议。 相似文献
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建议推广适用于大田作物的缓释/控释肥料 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
我国当季化肥利用率较低,不仅浪费人力、物力、财力,而且有害于生态环境。影响化肥利用率的因素较多,除使用不当外,还有化肥养分释放不符合作物需肥规律,如养分释放过快使作物来不及吸收而损失等。为此,各国致力于开发缓释/控释肥料。国外开发的缓释/控释肥料由于成本高,只能用于非大田作物。我国根据国情,致力于开发低成本可用于大田作物的缓释/控释肥料,目前已有不少科研院校取得了可喜的成绩,建议结合水稻施肥技术开展推广示范工作。 相似文献
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Christian Hera 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》1995,43(1-3):63-81
Nutrient management is the key issue in sustainable soil fertility. N, P, K fertilization aims not only for a high economic return of the investment through optimized yield and quality, but also for minimum environmental hazards. The basic concept underlying integrated plant nutrition systems, is the maintenance and possible increase of soil fertility for sustaining enhanced crop productivity through optimal use of all sources of plant nutrients, particularly inorganic fertilizer, in an integrated manner and as appropriate to each specific ecological, social and economic situation. Much research has established the importance of fertilizers in increasing the fertility of soil and in influencing its productivity. It has been observed that applying fertilizers causes many changes in the soil, including chemical changes, that can positively or negatively influence its productiveness. Only a fraction of the fertilizer applied to the soil is taken up by the crop, the rest either remains in the soil or is lost through leaching, physical wash-off, fixation by the soil, or release to the atmosphere through chemical and microbiological processes. The critical information on the relative merits of different fertilization practices such as method of fertilizer placement, time and rate of application and type of fertilizers, is essential. Results from different field and laboratory experiments which helped to achieve maximum efficiency, in the most economical and sustainable way of fertilizer use to reduce the nutrient losses and production costs to the farmers and prevent environmental pollution are presented in the paper. 相似文献
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