潮汕陶瓷对外贸易史略

潮汕地区自古就是岭南陶瓷的生产基地,加上区域水系发达和濒临南海的地理优势,潮汕陶瓷大量外销,名声远播海外。潮汕陶瓷的外销始于唐代,主要窑口有潮州窑和水车窑,生产出的执壶、鱼形壶、莲花纹样的陶瓷都迎合了东南亚国家的需求。宋代是潮汕陶瓷外销的黄金时期,以笔架山窑最为著名。在窑址挖掘出西洋人、西洋狗的塑像瓷片,在日本、东南亚、埃及等地也相继发现笔架山陶瓷。《宋史》中也有外商至潮州登陆的记载,可见当时的潮州的陶瓷外贸非常繁盛。元代由于战火破坏、河道淤积、港口变更等原因,潮汕地区的陶瓷生产大幅度降低,并且大多为内销。至明代潮汕陶瓷外贸又得以复兴,借助拓林、南澳的外港优势,形成潮安枫溪窑、大埔高陂窑、饶平九村窑等重要的外销陶瓷生产基地,销售的产品有仿景德镇窑、有东南亚风格、也有潮汕特色的陶瓷,外销范围涉及东南亚、东亚、西亚以及欧洲。清至近代潮汕陶瓷持续外销,漳淋港、庵埠港与汕头港是陶瓷交易的重要外港,潮汕陶瓷与东南亚和欧洲各国建立起广泛的联系,枫溪陶瓷的名号享誉世界。     

潮州工艺陶瓷的文化价值

潮州的工艺陶瓷,采用了不少潮汕传统民间美术的装饰手法,并吸取了一些其他陶瓷产区的装饰形式,在继承传统陶瓷装饰的基础上,不断创新发展,形成了种类丰富、艺术特色鲜明的装饰体系,既有其独特的艺术价值,也有其特殊的文化价值。     

以文化创意推动潮州陶瓷产业的探究

陶瓷是潮州最大的经济支柱产业,其产量、出口量位居全国各大陶瓷产区之首。潮州又是国家历史文化名城,有着比较深厚的文化底蕴。本文从潮州陶瓷发展史与历史文化的关系、地方文化对陶瓷产业发展的积极作用及应该加强建设的领域等方面,对以文化创意推动潮州陶瓷产业发展的必要性与可行性作一粗浅的探究。     

潮州 期待本地展销平台建成

陶瓷是中华文化的象征,潮州陶瓷至今已有1300年历史,潮州是我国千年古城,是我国著名的古瓷都和陶瓷文化发祥地之一。改革开放为潮州陶瓷带来了新一个发展契机,潮州快速崛起,成为我国＂新瓷都＂。     

浅谈瓷板画的艺术创作

正我国陶瓷文化有着悠久的历史,外国人一谈起中国,就会联想到陶瓷。潮州陶瓷也同样有着深厚的历史积淀和丰富文化底蕴,而且充满着浓郁的民族气息和淳朴的地方色彩,形成了潮州陶瓷的文化特色。潮州陶瓷展现出潮州历代窑工的聪明才智和厚重的文化内涵,并在中国陶瓷史上有着重要的地位。陶瓷艺术美是通过陶瓷自身的质地、造型和装饰的不同艺术形式的密切配合来显示的,特别是其造型是以点、线、面的变化为基本因素,传     

“传承与拓新”潮汕非遗文化的当代创新应用研究——以潮州嵌瓷为例

潮汕地区具有深厚的历史人文积淀,该地区的非遗文化资源丰沛,其中的非遗工艺美术更以精妙构思、精湛工艺而享有盛名,潮州嵌瓷便是当中的翘楚。本文以潮州嵌瓷为切入点进行分析,解读嵌瓷文化的由来,探讨嵌瓷在当代的传承与创新应用。以具有代表性的青年嵌瓷艺术家陈旭南为例,剖析其对潮州嵌瓷艺术的传承与拓新,从他的嵌瓷元素艺术作品中窥见潮州嵌瓷的多元化传承、创新模式,深入思考潮汕传统非遗文化在当代的创新应用途径。     

陶瓷文化在潮州城市品牌形象符号系统化设计中的意义

在悠久的发展历史中,潮州形成了非常深厚的陶瓷文化积淀,与潮州城市品牌形象具有密不可分的联系。陶瓷文化在潮州城市品牌形象符号系统化设计中的主要内容包括景观符号系统和人文符号系统两大类,对于潮州城市品牌形象的地域文化特色、陶瓷文化发展、经济文化整体发展等具有重要意义。     

潮州工夫茶之茶具与潮州陶瓷文化内涵

潮州先民在八千年前已生产陶器;汉晋时期已大量生产陶瓷,唐代已能够生产精美的瓷器。潮州人习惯饮工夫茶,其茶具大多为陶瓷器皿,主要产自“潮州窑”。潮州窑区可说是“潮州文化”的一个重要载体。潮州窑鼎盛时期是在北宋,明清和民国初年潮州瓷器的生产、出口规模较大,销往东亚、东南亚、中东及日本等国家和地区;同时也促成潮州工夫茶品饮方式极为盛行,并且流传到台湾及东南亚等南洋国家,工夫茶具需求随之激增,更好的弘扬了潮州陶瓷文化。     

对潮州“龙窑”的探讨

龙窑是优良古窑种之一,潮州龙窑在潮州陶瓷文化占据很重要的位置,并在潮州地区广泛分布。其传统的生产工艺,特别是烧成过程的一些特性,是历代陶瓷窑炉技术改造的基础,可以说,潮州历代陶瓷业的发展,潮州龙窑功不可没。     

潮州工夫茶之茶具与潮州陶瓷文化内涵

潮州先民在八千年前已生产陶器;汉晋时期已大量生产陶瓷,唐代已能够生产精美的瓷器。潮州人习惯饮工夫茶,其茶具大多为陶瓷器皿,主要产自"潮州窑"。潮州窑区可说是"潮州文化"的一个重要载体。潮州窑鼎盛时期是在北宋,明清和民国初年潮州瓷器的生产、出口规模较大,销往东亚、东南亚、中东及日本等国家和地区;同时也促成潮州工夫茶品饮方式极为盛行,并且流传到台湾及东南亚等南洋国家,工夫茶具需求随之激增,更好的弘扬了潮州陶瓷文化。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。