转子碰摩故障非线性特征的数值仿真分析

在考虑到轴承油膜力作用的同时，构造了碰摩转子系统的动力学模型，并结合数值仿真计算对碰摩转子所表现出的动力学特性进行了研究，结果验证了碰摩转子模型的正确性，给转子的故障诊断提供了理论依据。     

碰摩转子轴心运动加速度信号的仿真分析

针对早期碰摩时转子振动特征与其它旋转机械常见故障特征相重复的问题,研究转子轴心运动加速度信号中蕴含的早期碰摩故障特征。建立了转子动力学模型并求解得到仿真转子振动信号,从中计算出转子轴心运动加速度信号并进行了分析。结果表明发生早期碰摩时,转子轴心加速度信号会在碰摩点处发生瞬间剧烈波动,可用来指示碰摩故障及部位,故障特征远比轴心振动位移信号和轴心轨迹图明显,可望用于早期碰摩故障的诊断。     

早期碰摩故障下转子进动信号变化规律的仿真分析

针对早期碰摩时转子振动特征与其它旋转机械常见故障(如不对中)特征相重复的问题,研究转子进动信号中蕴含的早期碰摩故障特征.建立了转子动力学模型并求解得到仿真转子振动信号,从中计算出4项转子进动信号(公转半径、径向运动速度、公转转速、公转加速度)并进行了分析.结果表明发生早期碰摩时,转子进动信号的波动幅度会急剧加大,其中公转加速度信号会在碰摩点处发生瞬间剧烈波动,可用来指示碰摩部位;频谱中高阶倍频成分大大增加,大部分情况下高阶倍频代替转频成为主要成分.这些特征与正常状况有显著区别,可望用于碰摩故障的诊断.     

转子碰摩故障的声发射与振动特征分析

通过实验分析比较了不同转速和不同碰摩状态下转子碰摩声发射信号与振动信号的时频特征。实验结果表明,声发射信号比传统的振动信号对碰摩更敏感,所含的信息更丰富,使用声发射技术不仅可以有效地检测碰摩故障的发生,还能判断出碰摩的严重程度,是一种很有发展潜力的转子碰摩故障的检测方法。     

转子早期碰摩故障特征的小波包分析

针对旋转机械碰摩故障的特征,运用电涡流传感器和虚拟仪器检测和诊断转子的碰摩故障.分析了转子碰摩振动信号的时域波形特征、碰摩振动时的轴心运动轨迹特征,提出了应用小波包分解、重构技术进行消噪处理,实验分析结果表明该方法可以有效地提高故障诊断的准确性.这对转子碰摩故障诊断具有重要的理论和现实意义.     

碰摩转子弯扭耦合振动特性仿真实验研究

建立了一碰摩转子弯扭耦合数学模型,应用非线性动力学理论对碰摩转子弯扭耦合数学模型的动态响应进行仿真。仿真结果表明,碰摩使转子的扭转振动和弯曲振动相互影响,产生复杂的运动形态。本文的研究结果对深入认识转子的碰摩机理和准确地诊断碰摩故障具有一定的参考价值。     

横向流体激振力作用下叶轮转子的分岔特性

将离心叶轮转子系统简化为Jeffcott转子,建立了带有支座松动与碰摩耦合故障的不平衡离心叶轮转子在非线性横向流体激振力和非线性轴承油膜力作用下的振动分析模型,并推导了系统的无量纲运动方程.运用数值积分法研究了系统的分岔特性,最后分析了横向流体激振力对含有松动与碰摩的离心叶轮转子系统动力学性能的影响.结果表明:在转速较高时,横向流体激振力对该类转子的分岔特性有较大影响.     

碰摩转子系统在轴向推力作用下的分岔研究

推导建立了碰摩转子在轴向推力作用下的非线性动力学方程,分别以质量偏心和转子转速比为控制参数,对碰摩转子横向振动和轴向振动的分岔等非线性特性进行了数值分析.仿真分析表明:转子横向振动分岔图中,存在周期1运动、周期2运动及复杂的拟周期运动等.同时,从转子轴向振动分岔图可以看到系统以一种拟周期路径方式运动,随着质量偏心的增大,系统会突变为混沌运动,且会一直持续下去.分析结果为实际转子系统的碰摩故障分析提供了必要的理论依据.     

转子碰摩故障振动时频特征的实验研究

通过转子实验台模拟了转子局部碰摩、全周碰摩故障,基于Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)给出了不同条件下碰摩故障振动信号时频分布特征.结果表明,基于HHT的时频分析方法能在局部碰摩故障发生的早期作出准确诊断;时频图上高频成分的频率调制现象是区分全周碰摩与局部碰摩的重要特征;基于HHT的时频分析方法比传统的频谱分析更准确地反映出碰摩故障的特征,为此类故障的预报与诊断提供了依据.     

碰摩拉杆转子非线性动力学响应特性

对定点碰摩故障状态下拉杆转子的非线性动力学响应特性进行了研究.将轮盘之间的非线性接触特性等效为具有非线性抗弯刚度的弹簧,基于达朗贝尔原理建立了考虑轮盘之间非线性接触特性、非线性油膜力以及碰摩力作用的拉杆转子轴承系统运动方程,并采用数值积分方法对运动方程进行求解,分析了系统位移响应随轮盘的转速和碰摩刚度等参数变化的规律.结果表明:轮盘之间的非线性接触对系统位移响应特性影响较大;随着轮盘转速的升高,系统呈非线性特性;碰摩刚度是影响拉杆转子轴承系统运动状态的重要因素,若增大碰摩刚度,系统的运动状态将发生改变.     

基于有限元技术的大型汽轮机转子寿命评估系统

结合机械结构寿命评价理论和数值分析方法,对基于有限元的大型汽轮机转子寿命评估系统进行研究。采用归一化方法对复杂的转子实际换热边界条件进行处理;依据转子的运行历史数据和结构几何参数自动生成传热学、力学边界条件,利用Delaunay非结构化自动剖分算法对几何模型进行网格剖分,将载荷谱处理和损伤累积无缝嵌入有限元分析过程。在此基础上,形成了基于复杂数值方法的转子寿命评价集成化系统,该系统具备了转子稳态、瞬态温度场、应力场和应变场分析及损伤和寿命评估功能,能直观显示转子损伤场分布及其演变,克服了传统方法中一些难以处理的技术障碍。     

Numerical study on the influence mechanism of inlet distortion on the stall margin in a transonic axial rotor

A numerical study is conducted to investigate the influence of inlet flow condition on tip leakage flow (TLF) and stall margin in a transonic axial rotor.A commercial software package FLUENT,is used in the simulation.The rotor investigated in this paper is ND_TAC rotor,which is the rotor of one-stage transonic compressor in the University of Notre Dame.Three varied inlet flow conditions are simulated.The inlet boundary condition with hub distortion provides higher axial velocity for the incoming flow near tip region than that for the clean inflow,while the incoming main flow possesses lower axial velocity near the tip region at tip distortion inlet boundary condition.Among the total pressure ratio curves for the three inlet flow conditions,it is found that the hub dis-torted inlet boundary condition improves the stall margin,while the tip distorted inlet boundary condition dete-riorates compressor stability.The axial location of interface between tip leakage flow (TLF) and incoming main flow (MF) in the tip gap and the axial momentum ratio of TLF to MF are further examined.It is demonstrated that the axial momentum balance is the mechanism for interface movement.The hub distorted inflow could de-crease the axial momentum ratio,suppress the movement of the interface between TLF and MF towards blade leading edge plane and thus enhance compressor stability.     

空冷汽轮发电机转子风道中气体运动流场分析

针对转子高速转动的特点,分析了转子风道气体运动状态,建立了数值计算模型.分析结果表明,转子风道气体运动是由风扇和转子高速转动共同作用的结果,以吸入式空冷汽轮发电机通风结构为例,转子以3 000 r/min转速绕轴高速转动可以使风道中进风量由0.14 kg/s增加到0.21 kg/s,必须考虑转子转动对风道中气体运动的影响;粘性模型应选择无粘,相同条件下转子风道出口风速模型试验和数值模拟结果对比表明,数值模拟结果符合工程实际.转子风道中气体运动流场合理计算模型应为:以吸入式风扇和转子风道进口为进出口边界条件,流体边界条件考虑转子转动,墙边界条件中反映管壁表面粗糙度的相对粗糙度系数和常量分别取为k~+_s=500～1000和C_(ks)=1.0,粘性模型选择无粘,可用此计算模型对空冷汽轮发电机转子风道中气体运动流场进行分析.     

高负荷跨音速压气机转子气动设计及附面层抽吸研究

本文设计了一跨音速压气机转子,其叶尖切线速度420 m/s,在确保动叶出口参数的同时,压比达到3.2,绝热等熵效率88.7%。数值模拟表明,60%叶高到叶顶区域,气体分离严重。为了有效控制分离,本文初步探讨了抽吸附面层对转子性能的影响。结果表明抽气能明显影响附面层的发展与激波的空间结构,转子局部性能得到改善。     

Impact of wall roughness and turbulence level on the performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine with the U‐RANS solver THETA

The presented work investigates the impact of different sheared velocity profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer on the characteristics of a wind turbine by modifying the wall roughness coefficients in the logarithmic velocity profile. Moreover, the rotor and wake characteristics in dependence of the turbulence boundary conditions are investigated. In variant I, the turbulence boundary conditions are defined in accordance to the logarithmic velocity profile with different wall roughness lengths. In variant II, the turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent viscosity remain independent of the velocity profile and represent the free‐stream turbulence level. With an increase of the shear in the velocity profile, the amplitudes in the 3/rev characteristics of rotor thrust and rotor torque, induction factors, and effective angles of attack are increased. In variant I, the overall levels of thrust coefficient are hardly affected by the velocity profiles resulting from different wall roughness length values. The power coefficient is reduced about 1%. Conversely, compared with variant II, a difference of 2% in the power coefficient has been detected. Moreover, the wake recovery process strongly depends on the turbulence boundary condition. Simulations are carried out on an industrial 900‐kW wind turbine with the incompressible U‐RANS solver THETA.     

Comparative study of a three-bucket Savonius rotor with a combined three-bucket Savonius–three-bladed Darrieus rotor

The vertical axis wind turbines are simple in construction, self-starting, inexpensive and can accept wind from any direction without orientation. A combined Savonius–Darrieus type vertical axis wind rotor has got many advantages over individual Savonius or individual Darrieus wind rotor, such as better efficiency than Savonius rotor and high starting torque than Darrieus rotor. But works on the combined Savonius–Darrieus wind rotor are very scare. In view of the above, two types of models, one simple Savonius and the other combined Savonius–Darrieus wind rotors were designed and fabricated. The Savonius rotor was a three-bucket system having provisions for overlap variations. The Savonius–Darrieus rotor was a combination of three-bucket Savonius and three-bladed Darrieus rotors with the Savonius placed on top of the Darrieus rotor. The overlap variation was made in the upper part, i.e. the Savonius rotor only. These were tested in a subsonic wind tunnel available in the department. The various parameters namely, power coefficients and torque coefficients were calculated for both overlap and without overlap conditions. From the present investigation, it is seen that with the increase of overlap, the power coefficients start decreasing. The maximum power coefficient of 51% is obtained at no overlap condition. However, while comparing the power coefficients (C_p) for simple Savonius-rotor with that of the combined configuration of Savonius–Darrieus rotor, it is observed that there is a definite improvement in the power coefficient for the combined Savonius–Darrieus rotor without overlap condition. Combined rotor without overlap condition provided an efficiency of 0.51, which is higher than the efficiency of the Savonius rotor at any overlap positions under the same test conditions.     

Magneto-thermal coupled analysis of canned induction motor

The authors present the calculation of the distribution of the transient temperature in the rotor bars of a canned induction motor, during locked rotor conditions, where the phenomena of electromagnetically induced currents and heat transfer are coupled. They have developed a coupled finite element electromagnetic code called WEMAP in which the calculated power loss densities are used as the heat sources for a transient thermal solution in subregions of the original problem geometry. These subregions are enclosed by surfaces on which either temperature or a convection boundary condition is known. In addition, the change in rotor bar resistance as a function of the temperature is included in these calculations. The calculated temperatures are compared with test results, and favorable agreement is obtained     

Wind turbine rotor‐tower interaction using an incompressible overset grid method

In this paper, 3D Navier–Stokes simulations of the unsteady flow over the NREL Phase VI turbine are presented. The computations are carried out using the structured grid, incompressible, finite volume flow solver EllipSys3D, which has been extended to include the use of overset grids. Computations are presented, firstly, on an isolated rotor, and secondly, on the downwind configuration of the turbine, which includes modelling of the rotor, tower and tunnel floor boundary. The solver successfully captures the unsteady interaction between the rotor blades and the tower wake, and the computations are in good agreement with the experimental data available. The interaction between the rotor and the tower induces significant increases in the transient loads on the blades and is characterized by an instant deloading and subsequent reloading of the blade, associated with the velocity deficit in the wake, combined with the interaction with the shed vortices, which causes a strongly time‐varying response. Finally, the results show that the rotor has a strong effect on the tower shedding frequency, causing under certain flow conditions vortex lock‐in to take place on the upper part of the tower. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The unsteady pressure field and the aerodynamic performances of a Savonius rotor based on the discrete vortex method

The aim of this paper is to numerically explore the non-linear two-dimensional unsteady potential flow over a Savonius rotor and to develop a code for predicting its aerodynamics performances. In the model developed, the rotor is represented in a median plane by two semicircles, displaced along their common diameter. The two semicircles can be considered to produce lifting effects. As a result, they are modelled by a collection of discrete vortices on their contours. The flow field is then governed by the Laplace equation. The versatile Neumann boundary condition, applied over the contour of the semicircles and the Kutta Joukowsky condition applied at the four extremities of the semicircles have been used in the modelling. The torque distribution of the stationary rotor and the unsteady pressure field on the blades of the rotating rotor, predicted by the code developed, have been compared and validated by some experimental data.