直驱式多转子极电励磁双凸极风力发电机研究

三相电励磁双凸极电机定子极数与转子极数之间的约束关系制约着其在低速直驱场合的应用。针对该问题,本文提出了一种多转子极DSEG电机新结构,推导了多转子极DSEM的定子极数与转子极数之间可能的配合关系,给出了多转子极DSEM定子极宽与定子极距之比的取值,并在此基础上建立了有限元分析模型对24/16、12/16和6/16三种结构的空载特性进行计算。有限元仿真结果验证了本文所提多转子极DSEG电机结构的合理性,表明了多转子极DSEG电机在定位力矩、功率密度和效率方面具有一定的优势。本文工作丰富了DSEG电机结构和理论。     

四相电励磁双凸极发电机转子极加宽对外特性的影响

转子极宽对基于磁阻原理工作的电励磁双凸极发电机输出特性有重要影响。文中详细介绍了四相电励磁双凸极电机的结构特点及其运行原理,采用二维有限元方法分析了四相电励磁双凸极电机的电磁特性并对比研究了不同转子极弧系数对整个电机的发电输出特性的影响。有限元分析表明转子极弧系数在1/3时发电机的带载能力更强,短路电流更大。最后,设计制造了一台转子极弧系数为1/3的四相电励磁双凸极电机,发电实验数据与仿真数据相吻合,从而验证了理论分析和有限元分析方法的正确性。分析结果表明,将转子极弧系数由1/4增加到1/3可以有效改善发电机的性能,提高电机的带载能力。     

多相电励磁双凸极发电机的极数和极弧系数研究

电励磁双凸极发电机(wound-field doubly salient generator,WFDSG)的极数和极弧系数设计不当会导致电机产生较大的定位转矩和励磁绕组反电势。为了设计容错能力强、电压脉动率小的多相WFDSG,该文对多相WFDSG的极数和极弧系数进行了研究。在分析多相WFDSG原理的基础上,确定了多相WFDSG的设计要求;分析了定转子极数和极弧系数等结构参数对各绕组电感、电动势等性能参数的影响规律,推导了多相WFDSG普遍适用的定子极数、转子极数和定转子极弧系数等结构参数的约束公式,为设计多相双凸极电机提供理论基础。依据上述理论设计了一种12/9极四相WFDSG,利用有限元软件对传统WFDSG和该文设计的新型四相WFDSG样机进行了对比分析,试制了样机并进行了实验。仿真和实验结果验证了所提出的设计方法和电机结构的合理性。     

转子斜槽电励磁双凸极发电机静态特性分析

转子直槽电励磁双凸极发电机存在电压纹波大的缺点．本文以发电机的电压纹波为出发点，详细分析了转子斜槽对双凸极电机性能产生的影响，同转子直槽型结构的电机进行了对比，最后对直槽和辑槽转子结构的12／8极电励磁双凸极电机进行了试验。试验结果与仿真结果相一致。转子斜槽结构能有效减小输出电压纹波。     

直驱式电励磁双凸极风力发电机的极数研究

针对低速直驱风力发电应用场合,对电励磁双凸极电机的极数进行了研究。双凸极电机属变磁阻电机,存在2个气隙且电枢绕组为集中绕组,常规电机数学模型已不再适用。该文分析了电机的气隙磁密和极对数的特点,并在此基础上推导了单匝绕组电动势和相绕组电势的表达式,从理论上证明了在定子内径和转速不变时,单匝绕组电动势与极数无关,而相电势与极数成正比关系。有限元仿真和实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。给出1 MW直驱式电励磁双凸极风力发电机设计实例,并进一步分析了极数对电机有效材料的影响,为低速直驱式电励磁双凸极电机的极数选择提供参考。     

电励磁双凸极发电机的非线性模型

电励磁双凸极发电机是一种新型的交流无刷电机，结构简单，可靠性高，在汽车和飞机发电领域有着广阔应用前景。但其磁链和电感均为激磁电流、相电流、转子位置的非线性函数无法采用常规的方法建立精确的数学模型。该文采用二维电磁场有限元法对一台12/8极电励磁双凸极发电机进行了精确分析计算，得到了电机的静态特性；利用模糊神经网络的非线性逼近能力，尝试建立了双凸极电励磁发电机的模糊神经网络非线性模型，获得了很高的模型精度，并将仿真分析结果与实验结果进行了对比，验证了所建模型的精确性、有效性及方法的可行性，为飞机直流发电系统的设计、分析建立了基础。     

定子分布励磁双凸极无刷直流发电机电磁特性研究

定子集中励磁双凸极电机与不控整流电路构成的双凸极无刷直流发电机具有调压方便、可靠性高的特点,但其存在三相磁路不对称的固有问题,进而影响三相电势波形与输出电压脉动。深入研究定子分布励磁的电励磁双凸极发电机,对比了分布励磁与集中励磁双凸极发电机结构特点与运行原理,用有限元方法分析了分布励磁双凸极电机的电枢反应、电感特性和磁场分布,并对多相电机及其绕组形式和发电模态进行了研究。研制了原理样机,实验结果与仿真分析一致,表明分布式励磁双凸极无刷直流发电机在合理的绕组结构和整流方式下具有良好的发电性能,解决了传统双凸极无刷直流发电机的整流输出电压脉动大和相电流不对称的问题。     

多极低速电励磁双凸极风力发电机及整流特性

提出24/16极电励磁双凸极风力发电机结构型式,通过有限元法计算其静磁场分布特性,论述了共阳极半波整流、共阴极半波整流以及桥式整流电路下电机的不同发电方式和工作机理,指出励磁电流方向和电机转向与发电方式的关系。建立3种整流模式下发电机的场路耦合模型,对不同发电方式下的发电机输出特性进行了仿真分析。研制1台2 kW原理样机,实验结果与仿真和理论分析一致,表明转子滑出端发电方式下电机输出电压调整率低、外特性硬,输出功率最大,而传统桥式整流电路不适用于低速电励磁双凸极风力发电机系统。     

轴向磁通电励磁双凸极发电机仿真分析

研究了一种新型轴向磁通电励磁双凸极电机。在轴向磁通永磁电机的基础上,用励磁绕组取代原电机的永磁体,发电运行时,无需功率变换器和转子位置传感器。兼具了轴向磁通与电励磁双凸极电机的优点,电机结构简单、新颖,励磁磁场可调,功率密度高。采用双定子结构,励磁效率高。转子铁心凸极数为3个,有利于降低铁损。采用三维电磁场有限元法对电机的静态特性参数进行仿真分析,并初步验证该电机的合理性。     

外转子双馈双凸极永磁风力发电机的设计与研究

提出了一种新型的外转子双馈双凸极永磁风力发电机.该电机采用混合励磁结构形式,在电机的定子上同时存在直流励磁绕组和永磁体作为电机的励磁;电机的电枢绕组也安放在定子上,实现了定子的双馈形式;外转子全部由铁心组成,结构简单.该电机的创新在于每一块永磁体都有一对磁路与之相并联的附加气隙,这样可以更加有效地实现对气隙磁场的调节.由于气隙磁场可以随意调节,所以该电机可以在不同的转速和负载电流的情况下实现恒定的输出电压.     

一种改进的无轴承开关磁阻电机数学模型

类似于常规开关磁阻电机,无轴承开关磁阻电机的定、转子极宽并非总是相等,通常转子极宽略大于定子极宽,在建立数学模型时应当考虑这一因素.现有的无轴承开关磁阻电机数学模型都存在电机定、转子极宽相等的约束.考虑无轴承开关磁阻电机定、转子极宽可能存在的不相等因素,采用基于直线磁路和变椭圆系数的椭圆形磁路分割法求取气隙磁导,推导出无轴承开关磁阻电机的通用数学模型,使其不仅适用于定、转子极宽相等,而且适用于转子极宽大于定子极宽的情况.以实验室样机为例,将基于所建模型的分析结果与有限元分析结果进行了对比,验证了所建数学模型的正确性,精确度满足工程要求.应用所建立的无轴承开关磁阻电机数学模型,分析了定、转子极宽不等对悬浮力和转矩的显著影响.     

轴向分段式双爪极永磁电机设计与分析

永磁同步电机在高频率工况时,定、转子铁心损耗和永磁体涡流损耗都会增加,使电机温度升高,从而导致绝缘老化、永磁体退磁等。为了解决高频损耗增加的问题,设计了一台定、转子铁心材料均为软磁复合材料的轴向分段式爪极定子、单段式爪极转子的双爪极电机。类似于双凸极结构会出现转矩脉动过大的问题,采用转子磁极偏移和定子斜极相结合的方式降低转矩脉动。最后,对电机的电磁设计和温度分布进行分析,验证设计的合理性。对于爪极参数的选取,研究主要尺寸比、极弧系数、转子磁极偏移距离和定子斜极角度对双爪极电机的气隙磁密、空载反电动势、转矩及转矩脉动的影响。     

Electromagnetic Design and Analysis of a Novel Axial-Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

This paper analyzes a novel hybrid axial-transverse flux permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor achieving high torque density. The stator pole pitch and the rotor pole pitch are the same. The motor is suitable for vehicle traction systems. The new axial-transverse machine has a single-sided or double-sided air gap. The machine has two adjacent quasi-U stator cores with ring-type winding, and the rotor has two PM groups, one outer and one inner. The shape of quasi-U stator core allows changing the flux path without changing power supply polarity. The analytical expressions of the no-load back-EMF and the torque are derived, after the development of 3-D magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model. The 3-D finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze the magnetic field, torque, and cogging torque for different skewings of the PMs.     

Novel Two-Phase Switched Reluctance Machine Using Common-Pole E-Core Structure: Concept, Analysis, and Experimental Verification

A novel two-phase switched reluctance machine (SRM) with a stator composed of E-core structure having minimum stator core iron is proposed. The E-core stator has three poles with two poles at the ends having windings and a center pole containing no copper windings. The center stator pole in the E-core is shared by both phases during operation. The air gap around the common stator pole has constant and minimum reluctance irrespective of rotor position by its unique design, and the two remaining stator poles at the ends experience variable reluctance with respect to rotor position. The stator is constructed with two independent and physically separate E-cores, and the rotor is composed of ten poles. Other pole combinations are possible. Phase excitation in the novel SRM gives short flux paths, hence reducing the magnetomotive force required to drive the machine, resulting in significant reduction of copper wire and core losses compared to existing two-phase SRMs with flux paths that traverse the entire stator back iron. The concept and principle of operation of this novel SRM and its comparison to existing two-phase SRMs are detailed in this paper. Comparison between finite-element simulations and magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) analysis for inductance are made and compared to experimentally measured characteristics. Furthermore, comparisons between a conventional two-phase SRM and the novel SRM are made in terms of its weight and output torque. Manufacturability and cost savings of the unique SRM structure are presented. It is shown that the E-core SRM using common stator pole has 50% less iron in the magnetic path compared to a conventional two-phase SRM.      

车用爪极发电机电磁振动影响因素研究

针对某型车用爪极发电机的电磁噪声振动问题进行了分析和实验验证。推导出电磁力解析模型;定性分析电机负载、定子与转子同轴度、转子动平衡、爪极形状等方面对电磁力幅值的影响;装配相应参数的电机进行测试验证。结果表明,爪极式交流发电机电磁力会产生6kf(k=1,2,3,…)阶电磁振动,其中36阶最为明显。电机负载,定子与转子同轴度和爪极形状对36阶电磁振动有显著影响。该研究对车用爪极式交流发电机产生的电磁振动噪声优化具有一定的指导意义。     

A dynamic mathematical model and vector block diagrams for class of hybrid‐field synchronous motors

This paper proposes a new dynamic mathematical model and new block diagrams for a newly emerging class of salient‐pole hybrid‐field synchronous motors (HFSM) that have rotor field by both permanent magnet and winding. The proposed mathematical model has the following completeness and generality. (1) It consists of three consistent basic equations such as circuit, torque, and energy‐transmission equations. (2) It deals with pole saliency and contains nonsaliency as a special case. (3) It is a dynamic model and contains a static one as a special case. (4) It is established in the general reference frame including stator and rotor reference frames as special cases. The proposed new block diagrams using vector signals for salient‐pole HFSM are established based on the model. It has the following attractive features. (1) It succeeds in realizing clear configurations with physically meaningful vector signals, which are helpful for understanding motor electromagnetic mechanisms and useful for designing controllers for the salient‐pole HFSM. (2) Vector signals utilized as transfer signals between blocks are defined in the general reference frame. Consequently, the vector‐signal block diagrams in the frame can be directly and easily reduced to the ones in such a specific frame as stator and rotor frames. (3) It is compact. Two typical and compact but sufficiently general vector‐signal block diagrams are newly presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(2): 47–57, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20112     

某凸极同步电动机三维流场数值模拟

为得到某凸极同步电动机定转子与磁极间隙内通风冷却空气的流动特点,建立主机1/8包括定子、转子的通风系统三维物理模型,并给出求解域相应的边界条件.应用计算流体力学(CFD)流体计算软件Fluent对三维湍流时均流场控制方程进行数值求解计算,得到凸极电机通风系统内空气速度与静压分布特点,并着重对转子磁极间隙、定子径向通风沟...