Fe2+/H2O2体系O2生成路径

掌握Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系O₂的生成路径,可为避免H₂O₂无效分解,开发经济高效的Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系利用技术指明方向。采用添加自由基捕获剂的方法,探究Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系内各种自由基对O₂生成速率的影响,进而确定O₂的生成路径。结果表明:Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系内不会产生大量O₂^-·,O₂^-·不是生成O₂的主要反应物质;O₂^-·被全部捕获后,体系中仍产生大量O₂^-·,但此时无O₂生成,证明生成O₂的反应由·OH和HO₂·两种自由基直接参与。分析认为反应·OH+HO₂·-H₂O+O₂是体系内O₂生成的主要路径。控制Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系定向生成·OH,抑制HO₂·的产生,是提高Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系中H₂O₂利用率的有效手段。     

甲基丙烯酸-2,2,2-三氟乙酯的制备

采用一锅法的工艺通过甲基丙烯酸先酰氯化,再与2,2,2-三氟乙醇在催化剂4-二甲氨基吡啶的催化下酯化的方法,方便快捷地制备了甲基丙烯酸-2,2,2-三氟乙酯,并根据实验结果讨论了影响反应的主要因素。最佳反应条件是:二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)的用量为5%~10%(质量比),甲基丙烯酸∶氯化亚砜∶2,2,2-三氟乙醇=1.1∶1∶0.9(摩尔比),反应温度为50~60℃,收率达到95%以上。     

PbCl2-ZnCl2-H2O和CaCl2-PbCl2-H2O三元体系373K相平衡

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了两个三元体系PbCl₂-ZnCl₂-H₂O和CaCl₂-PbCl₂-H₂O在373 K时的相平衡,测定了平衡溶液的溶解度和密度,并根据溶解度数据和对应的平衡固相绘制了相图和密度-组成图,根据相图对单变量曲线和结晶区进行了讨论。研究发现,两个三元体系均为简单共饱和型,均无复盐和固溶体生成,有一个共饱点,两条单变量曲线,两个结晶区。平衡液相对应的固相由XRD确定,并对实验结果进行了简要的讨论。     

SC(NH2)2-H2O2-Cu2+-OH-封闭体系非线性动力学研究

利用微量量热仪测定体系热功率随时间的改变。对于SC(NH2)2-H2O2-Cu2 -OH-封闭体系,测定了不同浓度,不同温度下,体系的单峰振荡行为,得到了不同温度,不同浓度下的振荡周期,并由此计算出振荡反应的表观活化能和反应级数。并得到下列关系:1t∝c-0.3355     

生产乙炔对电石的要求及乙炔清净

目前国内外乙炔大部分仍是由电石制得。然而由于工业电石除CaC2 外还含有很多杂质 ,所以生产乙炔不仅要求电石的纯度、粒度 ,还要求水温。一般电石的块度采用 8～ 2 5mm ,发生器温度控制在 85± 5℃ ,乙炔气体中含H2 S、H3 P、NH3 等气体会使氯乙烯合成氯化催化剂活性下降。因此 ,必须对乙炔气体进行清洁。采用次氯酸钠液体的氧化性将乙炔中的杂质氧化成酸性物质而除去。     

PbBr2-PbCl2-PbF2-PbO-P2O5系统玻璃形成特性的研究

研究了ＰｂＢｒ２－ＰｂＣｌ２－ＰｂＦ２－ＰｂＯ－Ｐ２Ｏ５系统的玻璃形成能力和系统的玻璃形成区,测试了一些玻璃的特征温度,结果表明,加入５％ＰｂＯ的５％ＰｂＦ２都使玻璃转变温度升高,玻璃形成区缩小,并向ＰｂＢｒ２方向偏移,同时加入２．５％ＰｂＯ和２．５％ＰｂＦ２同样提高了玻璃转变温度,但却增大了玻璃形成区;继续提高ＰｂＯ和ＰｂＦ２的加入量,玻璃形成区显著减小。     

Structure and microwave dielectric properties of BaAl2−2xLi2xSi2O8-2x ceramics

BaAl_2-2xLi_2xSi₂O_8-2x (x = 0, 0.005, 0.0075, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) ceramics were synthesized by solid-state sintering method. Based on density functional theory, the first-principle calculations provided by the Cambridge Sequential Total Energy Package (CASTEP) software were introduced to the BaAl₂Si₂O₈ (BAS) system. In an effort to confirm the site occupied by Li⁺, we discussed the formation energy and final energy of different positions of Li⁺ doped BAS. The result demonstrated that Li⁺ should substitute Al³⁺ to promote the hexacelsian-to-celsian transformation with the aid of generated oxygen vacancies. The sintering behavior, crystal structure, surface appearance, and microwave dielectric properties of samples were investigated. Completely transformed celsian could be obtained when x = 0.005–0.03, which lowered the sintering temperature from 1400 °C (x = 0) to 1300 °C (x = 0.03), as well as strikingly improved the compactness, quality factor (Q × f) value and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ_f) of BAS ceramics. When x = 0.1, unveiling the significant effects of Al-position ion substitution, BaAl_1.98Li_0.02Si₂O_7.98 ceramic sintered at 1350 °C for 5 h exhibited a supreme Q × f value of 48,620 GHz, and the ε_r and τ_f values were 6.99 and -23.29 × 10^?6 °C^?1, respectively.     

Li2O-Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系统乳浊釉的研究

对Li2O-Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系统釉进行了较全面的正交试验研究,找到了影响该系统釉乳浊及釉面质量的主次因素,获得了性能良好的乳浊釉及其较优乳浊釉配方.     

氢氧直接合成法制过氧化氢技术进展

氢气和氧气直接合成过氧化氢是典型的原子经济性反应，因过程简单、产品清洁、生产成本低而成为催化领域研究开发的一个热点。总结了该法近年来在催化剂活性组分的选取及载体方面的进展；详细介绍了溶剂的选取和反应机理；讨论了各种反应器的安全性。指出今后的研究重点是提高氢气利用率、开发新型的反应器、提高过程的安全性。     

H2O2 / O3, H2O2 / UV And H2O2 / Fe2+ Processes For The Oxidation Of Hazardous Wastes

Activated hydrogen peroxide produces very reactive OH-radicals which destroy hazardous contaminants in water. The principles and different methods of activation are described. Results from laboratory studies show the numerous applications of this new technology. A successful scaleup of laboratory tests to an industrial level is discussed. Finally, a cost estimate for treating different types of water with hydrogen peroxide is presented.     

Thermal routes to metal complexed polyimines; facile conversion of CoX2(NH2CH2CH{OEt}2)2 to CoX2{=NCH2CH=}2

Cobalt(II) complexes of the form CoX₂(NH₂CH₂CH{OEt}₂)₂ [X=Cl, Br, I] react hydrolytically in solution to convert hemiacetal moieties to aldehydes, the latter undergoing Schiff base condensation. Complex decomposition and the separation of metal salt and organic material occur concomitantly. In contrast, thermal reactions afford metal complexed polyimines of the form CoX₂{=NCH₂CH=}₂. Analyses are consistent with the liberation of four equivalents of ethanol per mole of CoX₂(NH₂CH₂CH{OEt}₂)₂ via an autocatalytic cycle of hemiacetal hydrolysis and Schiff base condensation. Such thermal routes offer facile access to metal complexed polyimines.     

Eu~(2+)掺杂SrSi_2O_2N_2和Sr_(0.37)Ba_(0.60)Si_2O_2N_2荧光粉的发光性能及应用

采用高温固相法合成Sr_(0.97)Eu_(0.03)Si_2O_2N_2和Sr_(0.37)Ba_(0.60)Eu_(0.03)Si_2O_2N_2荧光粉,通过X射线衍射、激发光谱、发射光谱及转换后LED器件的性能等研究了荧光粉的结构、发光性能和稳定性。结果表明:在稀土Eu2+掺杂的Sr Si2O2N2荧光粉中,当部分Sr2+被Ba2+取代后,形成三斜晶系的Sr_(0.37)Ba_(0.60)Eu_(0.03)Si_2O_2N_2荧光粉,激发和发射光谱红移,在近紫外-蓝光区具有更高的激发效率。将2种荧光粉与Ga(N)In芯片封装,Sr0.37Ba0.60Eu0.03Si2O2N2荧光粉转换的白光LED器件,在光效、显色指数和光效维持特性方面均高于Sr_(0.97)Eu_(0.03)Si_2O_2N_2转换的LED器件。     

Electrorheological response behavior of H2Ti2O5@MoS2@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles

In this paper, a novel H₂Ti₂O₅@MoS₂@SiO₂ ternary composite material was prepared by a combination of dual hydrothermal method and controlled hydrolysis method, in which H₂Ti₂O₅ nanotubes are tightly combined with hierarchical molybdenum disulfide, and the unique structure of titanate nano whiskers, including the loosely bound alkali metal ions between the titanate layers with high dielectric constant and the large aspect ratio, which induce active response to the electric field. Flower-like molybdenum disulfide provides electrical conductivity, and silicon dioxide as a insulative coating layer can suppress excessive the electrical conductivity of the two-dimensional material. The morphological evolution was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of showed that the sheet-shaped molybdenum disulfide coated with curved H₂Ti₂O₅ nanotubes showed a honeycomb structure with uniform size. Silicon oxide acts as a cladding layer to increase the thickness of the flakes. The existence of H₂Ti₂O₅, molybdenum disulfide and silicon dioxide is confirmed by X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The prepared product was confirmed by XPS, BET test and electrorheological rheometer. Core/shell nanoparticles not only exert the active response characteristics of titanate nanoparticles and molybdenum disulfide to electric field, but also inherit the excellent characteristics of a core-shell structure produced by the interface polarization and the synergistic effect of the polar groups on the surface of the two-dimensional material further enhance the electrorheological effect.     

MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-CeO2微晶玻璃的相转变

通过DTA，XRD，TEM，SEM和EDS等测试手段，研究了MgO—Al2O3一SiO2一TiP2-CeO2微晶玻璃的相转变过程。研究结果表明：退火后的原始玻璃已存在液相分离结构。在热处理过程中硅钛铈矿(Ce2Ti2Si2O11)首先在840℃从富含Ti^4 ，Ce^4 的孤立液滴相中析出。金红石(TiO2)晶核于950℃开始形成。α堇青石相在1140℃左右从富含Si^4 ，Al^3 的玻璃相中大量生成。当温度升高到1205℃时，部分硅钛铈矿分解并与残余玻璃相反应生成金红石和新相氧化铈。通过控制晶化得到的MgO—Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2—CeO2微晶玻璃，其晶相由硅钛铈矿、金红石、α堇青石及少量氧化铈构成。     

二茂二氯化钛或锆与二茂基氯化钐复合催化乙烯聚合

分别以二茂二氯化钛(Cp2TiCl2)和二茂二氯化锫(Cp2ZrCl2)与钐茂金属催化剂复合组成催化体系，并以甲基铝氧烷为助催化剂，进行宽分子量分布聚乙烯合成研究。研究发现与使用Cp2TiCl2和二(甲基茂基)氯化钐复合体系相比，使用其与二(特丁基茂基)氯化钐[(t—BuCp)2SmCl]复合体系能得到具有较高粘均分子量的聚乙烯。同样，使用Cp2ZrCl2与(t—BuCp)2SmCl复合体系也能得到具有较高粘均分子量的聚乙烯。且使用含(t-BuCp)2SmCl复合体系得到分子量分布指数达3．5以上的聚乙烯。