Thin film graphite electrodes with low stress generation during Li-intercalation

We report here the development of thin film ‘graphite’ electrodes for Li-ion batteries, with near theoretical Li-intercalation/de-intercalation capacity (∼372 mAh/g). These films, synthesized by chemical vapor deposition at a relatively low temperature of 1000 °C, exhibit strong graphitic order with the basal planes oriented parallel to the Ni current collector. During galvanostatic cycling, in-situ stress measurements show that full lithiation corresponds to the development of only modest in-plane compressive stresses of ∼ −250 MPa. These stresses are more than an order of magnitude lower than expected, which should promote long cycle life.     

共挤膜机组中新一代内冷控制技术

介绍新一代内冷控制技术的结构和原理。在共挤吹膜机组中的应用中,冷却效果好,机组产量大幅提高,膜泡控制稳定,制膜质量可靠。     

Effects of free volume in thin‐film composite membranes on osmotic power generation

For the first time, the effects of free volume in thin‐film composite (TFC) membranes on membrane performance for forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) processes were studied in this work. To manipulate the free volume in the TFC layer, a bulky monomer (i.e., p‐xylylenediamine) was blended into the interfacial polymerization and methanol immersion was conducted to swell up the TFC layer. Results from positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) show that p‐xylylenediamine blending and methanol induced swelling enlarge and broaden the free volume cavity. In addition, the performance of TFC membranes consisting of different free volumes were examined in terms of water flux, reverse salt flux, and power density under high pressure PRO operations. The TFC‐B‐5 membrane (i.e., a TFC membrane made of blending monomers) with a moderate free volume shows the highest power density of 6.0 W/m² at 9 bar in comparison of TFC membranes with other free volumes. After PRO operations, it is found that the free volume of TFC layers decreases due to high pressure compression, but membrane transport properties in terms of water and salt permeability increase. Interestingly, the membrane performance in terms of resistance against high pressures and power density stay the same. A slow positron beam was used to investigate the microstructure changes of the TFC layer after PRO operations. Compaction in free volume occurs and the TFC layer becomes thinner under PRO tests but no visible defects can be observed by both scanning electronic microscopy and PALS. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4749–4761, 2013     

天然气调节球阀阀体半自动气压试验装置设计

为保证球阀的质量,必须进行三个方面的试验。一是阀体水压试验,二是阀体气压试验,三是球阀密闭性试验。其中,阀体气压试验主要是在一定压力下检测其密闭性,以使其能够安全有效地运行,正常地实现其调节功能。气压试验装置可为球阀的性能测试提供高效高质量的测试平台,提高球阀阀体气压试验的效率。     

无功补偿的意义及补偿方式

从理论上阐述了无功功率对系统的影响和无功补偿的方法。随着电力工业的发展,冲击性负荷和非线性负荷的大量增加,造成电网的电压波动、闪变,功率因数低下日趋严重,因此,迫切需要对电网电能质量问题进行治理。     

全自动酶免仪与半自动酶标仪比对研究

目的评价LABAT2+FAME24/20全自动酶免仪与BIO-RAD680酶标仪临床检测结果的一致性。方法使用LABAT2+FAME24/20全自动酶免仪与BIO-RAD680酶标仪对40例临床标本进行HBsag,HBsab,HBeag,HBeab,HBcab,HBc-IgM,HBV-pres1,anti-HCV,anti-HIV,anti-TP10个项目检测,比对检测结果。结果 LABAT2+FAME24/20全自动酶免仪与BIO-RAD680酶标仪对此10个项目指标检测结果的符合率均为100%。结论这2台仪器检测结果具有一致性,可以同时应用于临床免疫项目的检测。     

Effect of current density and sulfuric acid concentration on persulfuric acid generation by boron-doped diamond film anodes

This research investigated the effects of current density and sulfuric acid concentration on the rates of persulfate generation by boron-doped diamond film anodes. Also investigated was the maximum conversion of sulfate to persulfate that could be achieved from electrolysis of sulfuric acid. Experiments were performed in batch systems using a rotating disk electrode (RDE) and a flow-through reactor with parallel plate electrodes. Both the RDE and flow-through experiments showed that there was a linear relationship between persulfate generation rates and current density. Persulfate generation rates became current limited at sulfuric acid concentrations of 2.25 M and above; however, Faradaic efficiencies under current-limited conditions were only ~60 %, and were only weakly dependent on the current density. Persulfate generation rates in the flow-through reactor showed similar dependencies on current density and sulfuric acid concentration as those in the RDE reactor, but were 20–50 % lower. Acid catalyzed and thermal decomposition of persulfate limited the maximum conversion of sulfate to persulfate. A maximum fractional conversion of 78 % was achieved using an initial sulfuric acid concentration of 0.77 M. Surprisingly, this value was independent of the current density over the range of 100–300 mA cm^?2.     

医用真空冷冻干燥机半自动及全自动进出料系统的研发

以上海远东制药机械有限公司为例,简述了国产医用真空冷冻干燥机的现状,并介绍了最新研发的符合医药新版GMP要求的半自动及全自动进出料系统。     

Ultrathin carbon film from carbonization of spin-cast polyacrylonitrile film

Here we present ultrathin carbon films derived from polyacrylonitrile precursor film. Subsequent carbonization was investigated to examine the optical and electrical properties of resulting carbon films. The precursor PAN solution was carefully prepared and heated in order to have thin and uniform PAN film, and X-ray reflectivity of the precursor film and the carbon film shows uniformity. X-ray diffraction pattern of the carbon film indicated that the obtained carbon films possess low crystallinity. It was also found that the thickness for ultrathin carbon film from PAN layer showed counterbalanced optical and electrical performance in the range of experiment.     

PET薄膜在干膜生产中的应用

PET薄膜为干膜光阻层的载体,起保护作用,主要是隔绝氧气、分层和避免机械划伤,在曝光之后显影之前除去。其厚度呈现逐渐变薄的趋势,主要为15~19μm。     

干膜用聚酯薄膜产生疵点的原因

详细介绍并分析了干膜用聚酯薄膜疵点的分类和产生原因。大疵点形成的原因为煳料造成的内部杂质和外来杂质造成的表面杂质,小疵点形成的原因为添加剂粒子团聚造成的内部原因和辊筒烙印造成的表面原因。     

Modeling and control of film porosity in thin film deposition

Systematic methodologies are developed for modeling and control of film porosity in thin film deposition. The deposition process is modeled via kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulation on a triangular lattice. The microscopic events involve atom adsorption and migration and allow for vacancies and overhangs to develop. Appropriate definitions of film site occupancy ratio (SOR), i.e., fraction of film sites occupied by particles over total number of film sites, and its fluctuations are introduced to describe film porosity. Deterministic and stochastic ordinary differential equation (ODE) models are also derived to describe the time evolution of film SOR and its fluctuation. The coefficients of the ODE models are estimated on the basis of data obtained from the kMC simulator of the deposition process using least-square methods and their dependence on substrate temperature is determined. The developed ODE models are used as the basis for the design of model predictive control (MPC) algorithms that include penalty on the film SOR and its variance to regulate the expected value of film SOR at a desired level and reduce run-to-run fluctuations. Simulation results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed film porosity modeling and control methods in the context of the deposition process under consideration.     

有机释放膜上铝膜的溶解与粉碎

镜面铝浆由于其优越的镜面效果得到广泛的应用。采用有别于传统球磨法的全新工艺——有机释放膜过渡法制备了镜面型铝银浆。结果发现,通过丙酮溶解丙烯酸树脂基有机释放膜,可获得厚度十分均匀的铝膜或铝鳞片。超声振荡可加快薄膜溶解速度。通过超声振荡和强力机械搅拌可粉碎铝膜。制得的镜面铝浆平均粒度(d_(50))为11.9μm,粒度分布宽度为1.22。     

The validity of the compensation rule

Values of ΔH and τ_∞ for the mechanical relaxation times centred at ～ 700 s were obtained for isotactic polypropylene at three temperatures in the α-region by double T-jump. The values of ΔH and τ_∞ varied systematically in accordance with the compensation rule. The compensation temperature was observed to be T_c～240°C. It is shown that the compensation rule is in good agreement with the predictions of theories of Wert and Zener and of Eby.     

水泥厂无功补偿容量的确定

水泥生产线电网中的电力负荷如电动机、变压器等,大部分属于感性负荷,在运行过程中会从电网输人大量的无功功率.在电网中安装并联电容器等无功补偿设备以后,可以提供感性电抗所消耗的无功功率,减少了电网电源向感性负荷提供、由线路输送的无功功率.由于减少了无功功率在电网中的流动.因此可以降低线路和变压器因输送无功功率造成的电能损耗,这就是无功补偿.无功补偿可以提高功率因数,是一项投资少、收效快的降损节能措施.     

利用网络计划进行工期索赔

1　利用网络计划进行工期索赔的意义进行工期索赔的首要依据就是经过发包人 (或监理工程师 )确认的施工进度计划 ;工期索赔的首要条件就是可索赔的干扰事件影响了计划进度 ;索赔的首要要求就是可索赔的及时性 (不要等到最后算总帐 )。只有利用网络计划才能同时实现以上三个“首要”。网络计划可以用来及时分析干扰事件是否影响了计划进度 ,而且影响了那些工作 ,影响了多少 ,怎样分配责任。这是因为只有网络计划才能明确地反映出关键线路和总时差 ,而只有利用关键线路和总时差才能跟踪分析干扰事件的影响 ,提出可以成功索赔的理由。有人说 :…