货油舱用耐蚀钢焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能

 采用新型E36耐蚀船板钢和耐蚀实心焊丝进行配套焊接。研究了接头不同区域的腐蚀行为,并探讨了其化学成分、夹杂物和微观组织等对接头耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,接头力学性能良好,能够满足国际船级社的要求。接头各区中母材的组织为珠光体+带状铁素体,热影响区为贝氏体,焊缝为针状铁素体+少量贝氏体+少量侧板条铁素体。母材与焊缝之间没有出现不连续的腐蚀台阶。焊缝的耐蚀性最好,母材次之,热影响区最差。夹杂物是焊缝中点蚀的诱发源。     

国产A6N01铝合金型材MIG焊接头的微观组织与力学性能

利用金相观察、显微硬度测定、拉伸和弯曲性能测试等方法研究了A6N01-T5铝合金型材MIG焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明：焊接接头焊缝中心金属为明显的激冷形成的铸态组织,呈等轴晶状;熔合区靠近焊缝侧的结晶形态为沿散热方向排列的柱状晶,邻近熔合区的热影响区晶粒粗化.焊缝中心处具有较高的显微硬度,在距离焊缝中心10~12 mm处的热影响区显微硬度值最低.国产A6N01-T5铝合金型材焊接接头抗拉强度达到欧洲标准DIN EN 288-4的要求.     

K-TIG焊接中厚板的工艺窗口改进

针对穿孔深熔氩弧焊(K-TIG)工艺焊接8 mm厚Q235低碳钢板时焊接过程不稳定、焊接工艺窗口小等突出问题,首次提出在焊接工件背部铺加保护焊剂的方法改善焊接过程。采用对接焊的方式,在不开坡口、焊接过程不添加焊丝的情况下,达到单面焊双面成形的效果。最终成功的采用430～480 A范围内的直流电流对8 mm厚的Q235低碳钢进行了焊接,将焊接电流窗口扩大到50 A同时也显著的提高了焊接过程的稳定性。同时,在扩大焊接电流窗口之后,系统研究了不同焊接电流下焊接接头的组织性能。研究结果表明:在不同焊接电流下得到的焊接接头中,组织分布以及力学性能分布呈现出相同的状态。焊缝区的组织均由铁素体+珠光体+魏氏组织组成;熔合区由魏氏组织组成;热影响区由铁素体+少量的珠光体组成;此外随着焊接电流的增加,焊接接头背部的熔宽有略微增加;在焊接接头中,熔合区处硬度值最高,其次是焊缝区,之后是热影响区,母材的硬度值最低;焊接接头最终的拉伸断裂位置是在热影响区处。      

Effect of the Heat-Treatment Conditions on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of the Base and Weld Materials of the VT41 Alloy Blisks in the HPC of an Advanced Engine

The influence of the conditions of complete and incomplete postwelding annealing on the strength properties of the welded joints of a VT41 alloy is studied. These annealing conditions are developed for the ring welded joints of a VT41 alloy. The optimum conditions are determined for the production of large welded joints of a VT41 alloy for a high-pressure compressor in an advanced engine. The mechanical properties of the base and weld metals are compared after complete and incomplete postwelding annealing. The microstructure of the welded joints after heat treatment is investigated.     

Fracture behaviours of fracture toughness testing specimens with metallurgical heterogeneity along crack front

Safe use of welded structures is dependent on fracture mechanics properties of welded joints. In present research, high strength low alloyed HSLA steel in a quenched and tempered condition, corresponding to the grade HT 80, was used. The fluxo cored arc welding process (FCAW), with CO₂ as shielding gas, was used and two different tubular wires were selected. The aim of this paper is to analyse fracture behaviour of undermatched welded joints, and also to determine relevant parameters which contribute to higher critical values of fracture toughness. Towards this end three differently undermatched welded joints were analysed using results of testing the composite notched specimens with through thickness crack front positioned partly in the weld metal, partly in heat affected zone (HAZ) and partly in base material (BM).The presence of different microstructures along the pre‐crack fatigue front has an important effect on the critical crack tip opening displacement (CTOD). This value is the relevant parameter for safe service of welded structure. In the case of specimens with through thickness notch partly in the weld metal, partly in the heat affected zone and partly in the base material, i.e. using the composite notched specimen, fracture behaviour strongly depends on a partition of ductile base material, size and distribution of mismatching factor along vicinity of crack front. If local brittle zones occur in the process zone, ductile base metal can not prevent pop‐in instability, but it can reduce it to an insignificant level while the fracture toughness parameter is higher and the weakest link concept can not be applied.     

Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of as Weld and Aged Conditions of AA2219 Aluminium Alloy by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process

In this article, Welding of AA2219 aluminium alloy using Gas tungsten arc welding process (GTAW) and evaluation of metallurgical, mechanical and corrosion properties of the joints are discussed. The weld samples were subjected to ageing process at the temperature range of 195°C for a period of 5 h to improve the properties. AA2219 aluminium plates of thickness of 25 mm were welded using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process in double V butt joint configuration. The input parameters considered in this work are welding current, voltage and welding speed. Tensile strength and hardness were measured as performance characteristics. The variation in the properties were justified with the help of microstructures. The same procedures were repeated for post weld heat treated samples and a comparison was made between as weld condition and age treated conditions. The post weld heat samples had better tensile strength and hardness values on comparing with the as weld samples. Fracture surface obtained from the tensile tested specimen revealed ductile mode of failure.     

Effects of Welding Procedure on Corrosion Resistance and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Supermartensitic Stainless Steel Deposits

The effects of shielding gas and post weld heat treatment on the pitting resistance, stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement of supermartensitic stainless steel deposits were studied. Two all-weld-metal test coupons were prepared using a metal-cored wire under Ar+5% He and Ar+18%CO₂ gas shielding mixtures. Solubilizing and solubilizing plus double tempering heat treatments were done with the objective of achieving different microstructural results. The samples welded under Ar+5% He showed higher pitting corrosion resistance, for all post weld heat treatments, than those welded under Ar+18%CO₂. The different post weld heat treatments generated higher susceptibility to this corrosion mechanism. None of the samples presented signs of stress corrosion cracking, but in those subjected to the heat treatment, grain boundary selective attack was observed, on the surfaces of all the samples studied. The samples with highest hardness were more susceptible to hydrogen damage, thereby leading to reduced tensile strength on this condition.     

Effects of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Toughness of Flash Butt Welded High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Effect of post-weld heat treatment on the weld microstructure, texture, and its correlation to the toughness of flash butt welded joints were...     

高铝310S耐热钢板材的焊接性能简

 对铝含量为2%、4%(质量分数,下同)的310S耐热钢板材采用手工氩弧焊(TIG)的焊接方法进行焊接,利用光学显微镜对焊缝的显微组织进行分析,利用电子探针(EMPA)分析焊接母材的元素分布,并对焊接接头进行室温和高温(800℃)力学性能测试。结果表明：不同铝含量的310S耐热钢板材焊接后的组织均良好,都没有宏观裂纹及夹杂等缺陷;铝元素的加入,抑制了焊接热影响区晶粒的异常长大,细化了晶粒;高铝310S的焊接板材与母材一样具有优良的室温力学性能和高温力学性能,加铝310S耐热钢具有良好的焊接性能。     

6005A铝合金CMT与MIG焊接头组织及性能研究

针对2mm厚6005A铝合金采用冷金属过渡(CMT)和熔化极惰性气体保护(MIG)焊接技术进行焊接,研究了两种焊接接头的力学性能、拉伸断口形貌,接头不同位置的微观组织。研究表明,CMT焊接头的抗拉强度好于MIG焊接头,达到母材的70%,焊缝组织更为细小;两种焊接接头断裂位置均为热影响区,CMT焊接接头为韧性断裂,MIG焊接接头为韧性断裂与准解理断裂的混合断裂。     

镍含量对2205双相不锈钢焊接接头的影响

采用光学显微镜观察了不同镍含量下2205双相不锈钢焊接接头的金相组织,通过点腐蚀试验测量腐蚀速率,并采用电化学工作站对焊接接头的点蚀电位进行测量.结果表明,1.2 m m厚度规格2205双相不锈钢焊接接头为铁素体加奥氏体的两相组织,点蚀坑主要出现在热影响区和焊缝.镍含量高的样品金相组织中奥氏体含量高,对应点蚀电位也要高...     

超低碳微合金X100管线钢CO2焊焊接接头的组织和性能

 采用CO2焊接方法焊接X100管线钢,分析了不同焊接工艺下焊接接头组织和性能的变化特征。随着焊接热输入的增加,焊接接头的屈服强度和抗拉强度降低,焊缝和热影响区处的冲击吸收功呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,而焊缝组织均以针状铁素体（AF）为主。焊接热输入为1.17 kJ/mm时,粗晶区的显微组织主要是贝氏体铁素体（BF）,强韧匹配性最为优异;当热输入增加至1.91 kJ/mm时,粗晶区的组织除了BF外,还出现了粒状贝氏体（GB）,强韧水平明显降低。综合考虑,可将1.17 kJ/mm作为X100管线钢CO2焊接时的最佳热输入。     

Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Cast Al–Mg–Sc Alloys

Friction Stir (FS) welding promises joints with low porosity, fine microstructures, and low vaporization of volatile elements compared with conventional welding techniques. FS weld was carried out on Vacuum Induction Melted 5?mm thick cast Aluminum?CMagnesium?CScandium (Al?CMg?CSc) alloy plates. Microstructural evaluation revealed that due to FS welding, fine and fragmented dynamically recrystallized grains have been formed in the weld nugget. Tensile fracture occurred out side the weld zone. The tensile strength of the welded joint is more than the cast base metal. The hardness of the FS welded joint is less than the hardness of the cast base metal. The minimum hardness was located on the retreating side of the weld. These results clearly show that FSW process is amenable to join cast Al?CMg?CSc alloy.     

Friction welding of Cu-tube to Al-tube plate using an external tool

In the present study, friction welding of tube to tube plate using an external tool (FWTPET) was used to weld copper tubes with aluminum plates. Tubes were prepared with holes along the faying surfaces of tubes and cleaned before welding. The weld microstructure shows line of stir zone (SZ), a narrow thermo mechanically affected zone and heat affected zone (HAZ). The welded samples were found to have satisfactory joint strength and the XRD study showed the presence of AlCu intermetallic in the weld zone. The hardness survey revealed that there was a slight increase in hardness adjacent to the weld interface due to grain refinement. Better weld joints were achieved when the tool rotation speed and interference are 1500 rpm and 0.8 mm respectively. The present study confirms that a high quality copper tube to aluminium tube plate joint can be achieved by FWPET process.     

Weldability Evaluation and Microstructure Analysis of Resistance‐Spot‐Welded High‐Mn Steel in Automotive Application

In this paper, resistance spot weldability of high‐Mn steels were investigated in order to get high reliability in welded joints of automotive components. Microstructural characterizations, cross‐tensile test (CTT), microhardness tests of spot welded parts were conducted. The effects of weld current on the microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties, and fracture modes were investigated using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hardness in the weld nugget was observed to be lower than that in the base metal (BM). In CTT, the failure initiation was observed to occur at the boundary of the weld nugget. Also welding imperfections of welded parts were investigated. Liquation cracking in heat affected zone (HAZ), porosity, and shrinkage cavity were found most common welding defects in welded parts. Furthermore, the effects of welding imperfections on weld quality and failure criteria were identified and discussed.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er weld joints filled with Al-Mg-Mn-Zr and Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er weld wires

The Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er alloy sheets with a thickness of 4 mm were welded by TIG welding, the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er alloy weld joints filled with F1.6 mm Al-Mg-Mn-Zr and Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er welding wires were studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, hardness testing and tensile mechanical properties testing. The result showed that, the tensile strength increased by 57 MPa and the coefficient of weld joint reached 0.8 when Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er welding wire was used as filling material. The tensile strength and elongation of weld joint filled with Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er welding wire were 19% and 85% higher those that of filled with Al-Mg-Mn-Zr welding wire respectively, which resulted from grain refinement strengthening and dispersion strengthening of Al₃Er.     

77MnA钢丝对焊接头热处理装置的设计

分析了影响高碳钢丝对焊质量的因素，指出了77MnA钢丝传统对焊后热处理的缺陷，设计出新型的77MnA钢丝对焊接头热处理装置，并给出了相应的热处理工艺参数：第一步加热温度820。860℃，保温时间75s，空冷时间冬季为60s，夏季为90s；第二步加热温度600～650℃，保温时间60s，取出后冷却到室温。经过检验，钢丝对焊接头的抗拉强度达到母材抗拉强度的85％以上，对焊头延伸率达到母材延伸率的80％，停机时间降低约60％，成材率提高1．2％。     

船用热轧钢板焊接性能研究

建立了热轧钢板焊接热影响区（HAZ）的连续冷却转变曲线（焊接CCT曲线）,以研究船用热轧钢板的焊接性能。根据所建立的焊接CCT曲线,选择了合理的焊接工艺对10mm厚的船用热轧钢板进行了手工电弧焊,并对焊后的焊接接头进行了宏观检验和X射线探伤、力学性能试验及冲击试验。借助金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析了CCT图中不同冷速条件下的显微组织和焊接接头的显微组织以及冲击断口形貌。试验结果表明：根据建立的焊接CCT曲线,所选择的手工电弧焊的焊接工艺是合理的,焊缝质量良好,焊接接头具有良好的综合性能。     

Welding L415/316L Bimetal Composite Pipe Using Post-Internal-Welding Process

The butt welding of bimetal composite pipes generally adopts single-side welding, which easily gives rise to the problems such as high cost or crack initiation. In this paper, the butt welding of L415/316L bimetal mechanical lined pipes was conducted using post-internal-welding process, which is double-side welding process, proposed by the authors. Firstly, the effect of groove shape on the weld process was discussed. Then, microstructures and mechanical and corrosion-resistance properties of welded joints welded using two different welding materials, 309MoL and 309L, were investigated. The results show that the most suitable groove is that L415 is V shape with angle of 60° and blunt edge of 1 mm and 316L is stripped 6–8 mm. The weld of both 309MoL and 309L is composed of austenite and a small amount of ferrite, but the presence of Mo can refine the grains and increase the content of ferrite phase. The width of transition layer is about 0.6–0.8 mm located at the weld junction of stainless steel weld and carbon steel weld, and the transition layer mainly contains martensite. The tensile and bending performances of the welded joints using both 309MoL and 309L do meet the standard requirements. The welding wire 309MoL can improve the corrosion resistance to Cl− compared to 309L. It is advisable to use the post-internal-welding process and 309MoL for the welding of bimetal composite pipes under environments containing Cl−.     

Effect of Postweld Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Hardness, and Tensile Properties of Laser-Welded Ti-6Al-4V

The effects of postweld heat treatment (PWHT) on 3.2-mm- and 5.1-mm-thick Ti-6Al-4V butt joints welded using a continuous wave (CW) 4-kW Nd:YAG laser welding machine were investigated in terms of microstructural transformations, welding defects, and hardness, as well as global and local tensile properties. Two postweld heat treatments, i.e., stress-relief annealing (SRA) and solution heat treatment followed by aging (STA), were performed and the weld qualities were compared with the as-welded condition. A digital image correlation technique was used to determine the global tensile behavior for the transverse welding samples. The local tensile properties including yield strength and maximum strain were determined, for the first time, for the laser-welded Ti-6Al-4V. The mechanical properties, including hardness and the global and local tensile properties, were correlated to the microstructure and defects in the as-welded, SRA, and STA conditions.