建设项目的全寿命周期成本评价方法分析与改进

通过全寿命周期理论的研究和实际案例分析发现该方法在实际项目实施过程中存在寿命周期持续时间长、寿命周期内费用项目难以确定和评价过程费用较高等局限性。针对以上问题,提出几点改进建议,以期提高这种方法的实际使用价值。     

浅谈建设项目全寿命周期成本控制

建设项目全寿命周期成本控制,就是对全寿命周期成本进行评价以做出决策和控制的理论与方法.这是一种以提高建设项目投资效益,兼顾建设者和运营者的利益为目标的决策与控制方法.     

基于全寿命周期的武器装备采办风险识别研究

讨论了武器装备采办全寿命周期的概念，给出了武器装备采办全寿命周期风险识别的原则和程序；探讨了采办风险识别的方法，提出了全寿命周期各阶段风险识别方法的组合选择方案；在寿命周期各阶段识别方法的选择方案基础上，分析了寿命周期各阶段的风险，为武器装备采办全寿命周期风险的系统管理奠定了基础。     

基于价值工程的资源节约型船艇装备全寿命周期管理

为实现船艇装备科学化管理,对现有价值工程的基本原理、内涵、外延进行剖析,创新性地将其理论应用到船艇装备的全寿命周期管理中,提出了全寿命周期价值管理的理念.将环境成本纳入船艇装备全寿命周期费用,建立全寿命周期成本计算模型.对船艇装备的各个效能指标通过问卷调查获得,借鉴信度分析理论,提出了改进的AHP指标赋权方法,利用模糊综合评判法对船艇装备的效能进行评价,并通过具体实例对上述方法进行验证.构建效费优化模型,通过定性和定量相结合的方法,提出了实现船艇装备价值最大化的途径和方法,为构建资源节约型船艇装备全寿命周期的管理、分析、决策提供依据.     

基于全寿命周期的电网建设项目成本控制研究

通过新型的全寿命周期管理,结合产业信息化等先进手段,可以在最大限度上控制好电网建设项目全寿命周期费用,达到其成本控制最优的目标。本文主要在全寿命周期的基础上对电网建设项目的成本控制进行详细探讨,针对其管理要点进行分析。     

桥梁全寿命周期成本分析

桥梁从建设投资到运营再到拆除都影响着桥梁工程建设投资费用的管理控制,本论文从桥梁全寿命周期成本的角度详细探讨了桥梁在使用过程的各个阶段的成本费用,首先介绍了桥梁全寿命周期成本分析的基础流程,在此基础上重点从建设期成本、营运期成本、养护期成本和拆除成本等几个角度详细具体探讨了桥梁全寿命周期成本费用,对于进一步提高桥梁全寿命周期成本分析的应用及桥梁成本费用管理控制具有一定借鉴意义。     

资产全寿命周期管理体系建设与评价

从企业标准编制、体系顶层设计、技术方法应用、基础信息建设和评价验收体系5个方面介绍了国家电网公司在资产全寿命周期管理体系建设与评价方面的实施思路和实践成果,为国内大型资产密集型企业建立符合国际标准要求的资产全寿命周期管理体系,深化提升企业资产管理水平提供有益的参考和借鉴。     

基于可持续发展的高速公路扩建 工程的建设管理

阐述了高速公路扩建工程可持续发展概念的内涵和外延。针对扩建工程的可持续发展战略目标,建立可持续发展的目标体系,将高速公路扩建工程作为项目群系统研究,构建了扩建项目全寿命周期集成化管理系统。围绕集成化管理的三维坐标体系,解释了扩建工程全寿命周期的涵义,分析扩建工程的项目群特征及"扩建—运营—交通管理"一体化组织结构。建立了高速公路扩建工程全寿命周期信息结构矩阵和信息管理系统。采用可持续性晴雨表建立高速公路扩建工程可持续发展的评价模型。总结了基于可持续发展的高速公路扩建工程的建设管理能够为后续工程建设和行业发展提供的启示。     

基于MIF的继电保护状态评价及其在设备全寿命周期管理中的应用

为准确评价继电保护设备健康状态,提升继电保护设备管理工作水平,提出一种基于多源信息融合技术的继电保护状态评价方法,该方法充分考虑了继电保护的技术特点;建立继电保护状态评价体系和评价指标,解决了多源信息融合技术在继电保护状态评价中的关键技术问题;建立继电保护状态评价及其在设备全寿命周期管理应用的功能模型和结构模型,确定了继电保护状态评价方法。结合目前继电保护设备全寿命周期管理的现状,有针对性地提出继电保护状态评价结果在设备全寿命周期管理过程中应用的解决思路,并开发完成基于多源信息融合技术的继电保护状态检修系统,应用于多家调度单位,验证了所提方法的正确性和实用性。     

基于寿命周期备件费用的系统可靠性优化设计

针对以往系统可靠性优化研究中,系统费用仅包括研制成本,未考虑系统在列装期间运行费用的问题,应用一种基于寿命周期内备件需求估计的备件费用简易计算方法,对两种非线性可靠性-价格函数情况,以系统组成单元不可修、寿命分布服从指数规律为例,开展了以系统价格和备件费用之和最小为目标的可靠性分配优化研究。仿真试验结果表明:该方法简便易行,得到的优化方案更加合理,能避免单纯追求系统价格最低、却在装备使用阶段付出高昂费用的过度优化结果,能有效降低系统在全寿命期间的运行成本。     

工业节能降耗的全生命周期成本研究

基于节能降耗与可持续发展,将全生命周期成本分析方法用于工业节能降耗的研究,对工业产品的全生命周期成本及能耗进行了分析．在利用LCC方法分析工艺全生命周期成本的同时,还考虑了影响能源消耗的成本因素．力图在兼顾节能降耗的同时,考虑企业成本最小化与利益最大化,为有效指导工业节能降耗生产、合理选择工艺设施提供了新的思路,也为设备规划和选型、计算设备的经济寿命、管理控制设备投资以及项目的方案论证等提供方法和工具．     

空调能效比发展趋势的研究

分析当前国内外空调能效标准的现状,指出我国空调能效比仍有较大提升空间.从理论上分析空调能效比的极限,同时对提高能效比的措施所影响到的生命周期成本进行分析,明确空调器不能一味追求高能效比,而应将生命周期成本作为衡量产品的尺度,寻找最佳的生命周期成本,这样即可以节能又能够减少消费者投资.     

产品生命周期成本概念及分析方法

随着人们成本意识的增强,生命周期成本日益引起设计者和用户的重视。对产品生命周期和产品生命周期成本概念进行了论述,介绍了参数模型、类推模型和详细模型3种生命周期成本分析模型,最后以某厂计划购买自动包装生产线为例,说明如何利用生命周期成本概念进行投资决策分析。     

生命周期评估(LCA)与生态环境材料开发

生命周期评估（ＬＣＡ）已经发展成为系统评价产品整个生命周期过程环境影响的关键工具。详细介绍了生命周期评估及其研究现状,尤其是生态环境材料开发、材料生命周期评估、生命周期评估软件系统开发。最后就我国ＬＣＡ工作提出了建议。     

Development and Actuality of Life Cycle Cost Technique in China

Life cycle cost technique is a powerful tool to make a scientific decision and a useful method of advancing the continuable development of the society.In this paper,development course,application actuality and up-to-date research trends of life cycle cost technique in China are summarized.Some suggestions are given on how to generalize the application of life cycle cost technique,which are used as the reference to study life cycle cost technique.     

A sustainability-oriented multi-dimensional value assessment model for product-service development

In the product-service system (PSS), products are carriers of functions and media of services. Currently, value creation in PSS is directly related to the capabilities of the product-service solutions provided to serve customer demands and supplier business interest over time. There is a need for an evaluation approach that can identify in what manner and to what extent products and services should best be bundled in the development of a company’s value proposition. Furthermore, with an increasing focus on the sustainability profile of business operations, it is necessary to incorporate environmental impact measures with technical performance and cost measures to present a more comprehensive value assessment of product-service development. In this paper, a sustainability-oriented value assessment model is proposed as an attempt for product-service development decision support based on life cycle thinking. In this proposed approach, the fitness for extended utilisation indicators, the net present value (NPV) approach and life cycle assessment (LCA), are applied as the measures of life cycle performance, life cycle cost, and life cycle environmental impact, which are used for value assessment. A case study on a solar heating system will be presented to show how the assessment model can be used to support the evaluation and selection of different product-service development alternatives.     

Aircraft Combat Survivability Estimation and Synthetic Tradeoff Methods

A new concept is proposed that susceptibility, vulnerability, reliability, maintainability and supportability should be essential factors of aircraft combat survivability. A weight coefficient method and a synthetic method are proposed to estimate aircraft combat survivability based on the essential factors. Considering that it takes cost to enhance aircraft combat survivability, a synthetic tradeoff model between aircraft combat survivability and life cycle cost is built. The aircraft combat survivability estimation methods and synthetic tradeoff with a life cycle cost model will be helpful for aircraft combat survivability design and enhancement.     

Possibilities to reduce pavement rehabilitation cost of a collision-free road investment using an LCCA design procedure

In the past decades, many single carriageway roads in Sweden have been converted to collision-free roads as a cost-effective alternative to conventional motorways. Investigations have concluded that the road type has been successful in reducing the number of fatal accidents, despite increased operation and maintenance costs. In recent years, the focus has shifted to converting narrower roads, which are anticipated to further increase pavement rehabilitation cost but also complicate traffic management during road works. This paper first examines the consequences in terms of road agency and road user costs; second, the possibilities to influence future costs by design alternatives. A life cycle cost analysis was employed to study future costs. The analysis indicated significant increase in life cycle cost compared to a single carriageway road. The analysis of design alternatives also indicated that future agency and road user cost can be substantially improved by finding an optimal alternative.     

Life‐cycle cost optimization of steel structures

This article addresses the life‐cycle cost optimization of steel structures. The main factors influencing the life‐cycle cost of a structure are delineated and their effects on various cost functions are discussed. A four‐criteria optimization model is presented for the life‐cycle cost optimization of steel structures. These criteria are (i) select discrete commercially available sections with the lowest cost, (ii) select commercially available sections with the lightest weight, (iii) select the minimum number of different types of commercially available sections, and (iv) select commercially available sections with the minimum total perimeter length. The last criterion models a representative type of cost incurred over the life of the structure, that is, preventative maintenance in the form of periodic painting of an exposed steel structure to avoid corrosion. The life‐cycle cost optimization model is based on fuzzy logic with the goal of formalizing the life‐cycle design process but with some input from the design engineer through introduction of weighting coefficients reflecting the relative importance of various criteria. The model is applied to a large steel structure with over 3300 members. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

共享单车生命周期评价对比分析

目的 对共享单车的环境影响进行对比分析,从设计的角度提出改进建议,旨在弥补作为可持续产品服务系统的共享单车,在产品可持续上的欠缺,让共享单车更可持续。方法 在生命周期评价理论的框架指导下,对ofo 4.0与摩拜经典版2.0的环境影响进行对比分析,采用敏感性分析方法,分析共享单车生命周期对影响因素变化的敏感性。结果 提供等量的出行服务,ofo 4.0比摩拜经典版2.0对环境产生的影响更大,共享单车生命周期的环境影响对使用寿命最敏感。结论 延长使用寿命可以有效减少共享单车对环境的影响,具体建议是,在设计过程中应注意节材,在保证性能的情况下,优先使用环境影响低且耐用的材料;注意共享单车的拆卸回收性以及面向用户的不易拆卸性;通过面向服务的模块化设计,实现单车的快速更新换代和低成本的个性化服务。