子网移动性管理及其性能优化研究

子网移动性管理的最终目标是移动网络中的所有节点郝可以通过一个永久的IP地址被访问,并且当移动网络的路由器改变接入点时,内部节点仍然可以保持连续的通信。但当前的移动性管理方案由于其基本协议的切换时延较大,丢包率较高而不能适应实时业务和移动通信的要求,需要对移动性管理策略进行改善。文中介绍一种基于SIP和SCTP协议的混合方法Hybrid—NEMO,解决基于MIPv6的NEMO所存在的问题。通过建立相应模型并进行仿真对比分析,该方案能够保证网络移动切换过程中零丢包率和可控制的时延抖动,完全可以实现网络无缝移动的有关性能指标,从而较好地解决了现有移动网络模型实现无缝移动过程中的不足。     

WLAN中的一种快速安全的切换协议设计

目前解决网络层切换的大多数方法是基于移动IP技术的。但基于移动IP的三层切换技术,带来较大的时延和丢包率,不能满足实时性业务的需求。根据切换的基本过程,文中提出一种新的切换方法,在重关联时完成IP地址的分配实现三层切换,该方法同样适用于二层切换。性能分析结果表明,该切换方法具有较低的切换时延和丢包率。     

WiMAX网络快速切换技术研究

如何快速切换，降低切换时延和丢包率一直是移动WiMAX网络大规模部署所面临的关键问题。本文在研究802．16e标准的MAC切换机制和移动IPV6基础上提出了一种新的基于F—HMIPv6（快速分级移动IPv6）的WiMAx网络快速切换方案，它具有时延低、链路开销小等特点。     

基于位置信息的IP层切换判决机制及性能分析

基于IP的移动性管理技术使得移动终端可以在互联网间漫游，并且不会改变自己的IP地址．当同时存在多种类型无线网络的时候，如何选择最佳的候选网络，何时发起切换等切换判决问题也是提高基于IP的移动性管理性能的重要课题．提出了一种基于位置信息的切换判决算法，使得终端在对自身移动模型预测的基础上，做出正确的切换目标和切换时间的选择，从理论分析和仿真结果可以看出，该算法明显减小了切换次数和丢包率，提高了切换的性能．     

乒乓切换在移动IPv6扩展协议中的性能分析

 综合评价了多种移动IPv6扩展协议在基于端到端的TCP协议L3层的切换性能,模拟仿真了乒乓切换在MIPv6、FMIPv6、HMIPv6和FHMIPv6中的时延、吞吐量和丢包现象,提出了一种优化的FHMIPv6方案.该方案通过定义新的Hop-by－Hop 选项报头TM、 PCoA表和双向隧道表,实现MN的快速、平滑切换,比FHMIPv6进一步减少了时延,提高了吞吐量,降低了丢包率.     

移动WiMAX中结合关联级别2且利用R6信令交互进行参数协商的硬切换机制

移动WtMAX技术具有传输距离远、接入速度高、支持移动性等特点,该系统网络的切换是支持移动性的关键技术,如果切换时延越大,会造成MS在越长的时间内无法与服务BS交互媒体面数据,从而使网络服务质量大幅下降。本文针对移动WiMAX现有切换机制的时延进行了分析,发现其切换时延极大的影响了WiMAX的服务质量,因此本文在分析了约束切换时延优化的主要因素上提出一种新的结合关联2且利用R6信令进行参数协商的硬切换机制,经过模拟测试和性能分析得出该机制可以有效减小硬切换时延,能够满足移动WiMAX较高服务质量的要求。     

WiMAX跨层切换技术的研究与仿真

介绍了在移动WiMAX网络中引入IP层移动性管理协议FMIPv6来支持以全IP网络为核心网的语音、视频等多媒体实时业务,并将它与IEEE802.21工作组提出的草案MIH(Media Independent Handover)相结合,设计出一种跨层切换方案,并通过NS-2仿真工具对网络间的切换时延和丢包率进行仿真分析和比较,验证了方案的可用性和良好性能.     

移动IP切换缓存机制改进的研究

移动IP切换过程中,由于时延的增加导致TCP性能的下降。文章通过对已有增强TCP性能的方案分析,提出了一种改进的移动IP缓存转发机制,借助于分组排序信息在MN与NAR间的传递实现切换过程中的零丢包率,同时根据切换过程的不同情况,得到最佳缓存器容量。     

基于MIH的WLAN/WiMAX宏移动性研究

下一代无线网络将是异构IP网络,为了提供无缝切换服务,结合IETF提议的移动IPv6(MIPv6)协议与IEEE802.21工作组提出介质独立切换(MIH)标准,设计出一种基于MIH异构网络宏移动性的垂直切换方案。在NS-2仿真环境中,验证了此方案的可用性,详细分析了网络切换时延和丢包率,并根据分析结果提出进一步研究方向。     

基于移动代理的MANET网络管理任务切换

由于自组网(Mobile Ad Hoc Network,MANET)网络的动态移动性,节点从一个网管域移动到新的网管域时,使用移动IP的网管任务切换可以解决异域网络的管理问题,但是由于在网管中,管理者和被管设备都在一个区域中,使用基于移动IP的网管任务切换就具有严重的三角路由问题。将移动代理与网络管理结合起来,提出一种新的网络管理任务切换方案,该方案节省了网络资源,减少了切换时延并降低了管理任务的丢失,同时增加了网络管理的灵活性。     

A Secure Relay-Assisted Handover Protocol for Proxy Mobile IPv6 in 3GPP LTE Systems

The LTE (Long Term Evolution) technologies defined by 3GPP is the last step toward the 4th generation (4G) of radio technologies designed to increase the capacity and speed of mobile telephone networks. Mobility management for supporting seamless handover is the key issue for the next generation wireless communication networks. The evolved packet core (EPC) standard adopts the proxy mobile IPv6 protocol (PMIPv6) to provide the mobility mechanisms. However, the PMIPv6 still suffers the high handoff delay and the large packet lost. Our protocol provides a new secure handover protocol to reduce handoff delay and packet lost with the assistance of relay nodes over LTE networks. In this paper, we consider the security issue when selecting relay nodes during the handoff procedure. During the relay node discovery, we extend the access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) in 3GPP specifications to help mobile station or UE to obtain the information of relay nodes. With the aid of the relay nodes, the mobile station or UE performs the pre-handover procedure, including the security operation and the proxy binding update to significantly reduce the handover latency and packet loss. The simulation results illustrate that our proposed protocol actually achieves the performance improvements in the handoff delay time and the packet loss rate.     

一种基于无线局域网的移动检测优化方案

无线局域网采用移动IP实现移动性管理.移动IP切换存在切换时延大,数据包易丢失的问题.切换时延由移动检测时延和注册时延组成,而移动检测时延在其中占主要部分.文章提出了一种移动检测优化方案,采用了自适应绑定的算法,同时充分考虑了域内小范围高频度切换的情况,使移动节点在无线局域网环境中进行快速有效的切换.     

A Comprehensive Analysis of Mobility Management in MPLS-Based Wireless Access Networks

Efficient mobility management is one of the major challenges for next-generation mobile systems. Indeed, a mobile node (MN) within an access network may cause excessive signaling traffic and service disruption due to frequent handoffs. The two latter effects need to be minimized to support quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of emerging multimedia applications. In this perspective, we propose in this paper a new mobility management scheme designed to track host mobility efficiently so as to minimize both handoff latency and signaling cost. Building on and enhancing Mobile IP and taking advantage of MPLS traffic engineering capability, three mechanisms (FH-, FC- and MFC-Micro Mobile MPLS) are introduced. In order to assess the efficiency of our proposals, all protocols are compared. To achieve this, we develop analytical models to evaluate the signaling cost and link usage for both two-dimensional and one-dimensional mobility models. Additional mathematical models are also provided to derive handoff latency and packet loss rate. Numerical and simulation results show that the proposed mechanisms can significantly reduce the registration updates cost and provide low handoff latency and packet loss rate under various scenarios.      

A Robust Analytical Model of Mobile IP Handoff with Multiple Traffic Profiles

Mobile IP has been developed to provide the continuous information network access to mobile users. The performance of Mobile IP mobility management scheme is dependent on traffic characteristics and user mobility. Consequently, it is important to assess this performance in-depth through these factors. This paper introduces a novel analytical model of handoff management in mobile IP networks. The proposed model focuses on the effect the traffic types and their frame error rates on the handoff latency. It is derived based on general distribution of both successful transmission attempts and the residence time to be applicable in all cases of traffic characteristics and user mobility. The impact of the behavior of wireless connection, cell residence time, probability distribution of transmission time and the handoff time is investigated. Numerical results are obtained and presented for both TCP and UDP traffics. As expected, the reliability of TCP leads to higher handoff latency than UDP traffic. It is shown that, higher values of FER increase the probability of erroneous packet transfer across the link layer. A short retransmission time leads to end the connection most likely in the existing FA; however a long retransmission time leads to a large delivery time. The proposed model is robust in the sense that it covers the impact of all the effective parameters and can be easily extended to any distribution.     

Intelligent Handoff for Mobile Wireless Internet

This paper presents an intelligent mobility management scheme for Mobile Wireless InterNet – MWIN. MWIN is a wireless service networks wherein its core network consisting of Internet routers and its access network can be built from any Internet-capable radio network. Two major standards are currently available for MWIN, i.e., the mobile IP and wireless LAN. Mobile IP solves address mobility problem with the Internet protocol while wireless LAN provides a wireless Internet access in the local area. However, both schemes solve problems independently at different layers, thereby some additional problems occur, e.g., delayed handoff, packet loss, and inefficient routing. This paper identifies these new problems and performs analyses and some real measurements on the handoff within MWIN. Then, a new handoff architecture that extends the features of both mobile IP and wireless LAN handoff mechanism was proposed. This new architecture consists of mobile IP extensions and a modified wireless LAN handoff algorithm. The effect of this enhancement provides a linkage between different layers for preventing packet loss and reducing handoff latency. Finally, some optimization issues regarding network planning and routing are addressed.     

DM3: distributed mobility management in MPLS‐based access networks

Over the last few years, mobility management in the Internet has been one of the most active fields in communications. The recent increasing mobile traffic demand is having an important impact on the design of mobile networks and some limitations are arising from traditional network deployments. In order to deal with this new scenario, mobility management network architectures are being redesigned towards a more distributed operation. In this paper, we introduce DM3 (distributed mobility management MPLS), a fully distributed architecture designed to track efficiently the mobility of users in the current paradigm of evolving mobile IP networks. In DM3 architecture, several nodes are distributed in the MPLS‐based access network and the mobile nodes are served by a close‐by mobility anchor. With this operation, we reduce the routing and registration update costs, and provide a low handoff latency with a minimal packet loss rate. Analytical and experimental results are presented to justify the benefits of our proposed architecture. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Network mobility protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks

The goal of the network mobility management is to effectively reduce the complexity of handoff procedure and keep mobile devices connecting to the Internet. When users are going to leave an old subnet and enter a new subnet, the handoff procedure is executed on the mobile device, and it may break off the real‐time service, such as VoIP or mobile TV, because of the mobility of mobile devices. Because a vehicle is moving so fast, it may cause the handoff and packet loss problems. Both of the problems will lower down the throughput of the network. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel network mobility protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks. In a highway, because every car is moving in a fixed direction at a high speed, a car adopting our protocol can acquire an IP address from the vehicular ad hoc network through the vehicle‐to‐vehicle communications. The vehicle can rely on the assistance of a front vehicle to execute the prehandoff procedure, or it may acquire a new IP address through multihop relays from the car on the lanes of the same or opposite direction and thus may reduce the handoff delay and maintain the connectivity to the Internet. Simulation results have shown that the proposed scheme is able to reduce both the handoff delay and packet loss rate. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种基于MobiCast的移动IP组播方案

本文提出一种改进的MobiCast方案来实现移动IP组播通信,主要解决MobiCast方案中进行区域间切换时组播数据包丢失问题。与MobiCast方案相比,在区域外地代理(DomainForeignAgent,DFA)处引入一种缓存的机制。当移动节点发生区域间切换时,移动节点的旧区域外地代理采用隧道技术,将移动节点的信息和缓存的组播数据包发送给移动节点的新区域外地代理处,减少移动节点进行区域间切换时丢失的组播数据包。     

移动IP在无线局域网下的一种快速切换方法

针对移动IP在无线局域网下的应用,提出了一种新的基于链路层的移动IP快速切换方法,通过在无线局域网的无线接入点间加入特定的MAC网桥来减少移动节点在切换时产生的切换时延,进而减少移动节点上行和下行方向上的数据包的丢失,达到对移动IP切换进行优化的目的。此方法在无线局域网实际环境中进行了性能测试,结果证明优化后的时延较之原来普通移动IP切换时延有明显降低。     

Fast and scalable wireless handoffs in support of mobile Internet audio

Future internetworks will include large numbers of portable devices moving among small wireless cells. We propose a hierarchical mobility management scheme for such networks. Our scheme exploits locality in user mobility to restrict handoff processing to the vicinity of a mobile node. It thus reduces handoff latency and the load on the internetwork. Our design is based on the Internet Protocol (IP) and is compatible with the Mobile IP standard. We also present experimental results for the lowest level of the hierarchy. We implemented our local handoff mechanism on Unix-based portable computers and base stations, and evaluated its performance on a WaveLAN network. These experiments show that our handoffs are fast enough to avoid noticeable disruptions in interactive audio traffic. For example, our handoff protocol completes less than 10 milliseconds after a mobile node initiates it. Our mechanism also recovers from packet losses suffered during the transition from one cell to another. This work helps extend Internet telephony and teleconferencing to mobile devices that communicate over wireless networks. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.