PPy/Ni/NanoG复合材料的制备及导电性能研究

以聚吡咯（PPy）为基体,FeCl3作为氧化剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠（DBSNa）作为掺杂剂,表面镀有金属镍(Ni)膜的纳米石墨微片（NanoG）作为二维层状纳米填料,通过原位聚合法制备了PPy/Ni/NanoG导电复合材料,并对其结构和导电性能进行了表征。结果表明,PPy与Ni/NanoG的相容性较好,PPy聚合物均匀地包覆在Ni/NanoG片层表面和边缘;Ni/NanoG的二维受限空间的阻隔作用能够有效抑制PPy分子链的卷曲和交联,使PPy分子链共轭程度提高,π电子的离域性增加;循环伏安测试表明复合材料的峰面积大,峰电流高,导电能力强;复合材料的导电性能随Ni/NanoG含量的增加由8.2 S/cm提高到103.6 S/cm,Ni/NanoG的阈值为2 %（质量分数,下同）。     

聚苯胺/NBR复合材料的制备与性能研究

分别采用溶液法和乳液法合成盐酸和十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂的聚苯胺(PANI),研究PANI/NBR复合材料的硫化特性、导电性能和物理性能.结果表明,随着PANI用量的增大,复合材料的MH增大,t10和t90先延长后缩短;掺杂态PANI用量对复合材料的电导率影响较小;随着PANI用量的增大,复合材料的拉伸强度、邵尔A型硬度和100%定伸应力明显增大,拉断伸长率先增大后减小,在PANI为30份时达到最大值.     

聚苯胺导电复合材料研究进展

综述了聚苯胺(PANI)/金属氧化物复合材料、PANI/盐类复合材料、PANI/碳复合材料、PANI/聚合物复合材料及其他复合材料的国内外研究进展,在此基础上,展望了导电复合材料的发展趋势。     

聚苯胺导电复合材料的制备及其性能研究

通过原位乳液聚合制备了PANI-HCl/P(MMA-BA)导电复合材料,对其导电率进行测试,并用FTIR、STA、XPS对导电复合材料的结构、热学性能、掺杂率进行了表征。结果表明:当APS/ANI摩尔比为1:1.5、反应单体中ANI为33%时,导电复合材料中PANI表面掺杂率为37.56%,复合材料电导率达到1.472×103S/cm。FTIR谱图表明导电复合材料分子结构中存在C=O、N=Q=N、N-B-N等基团,说明共聚物P(MMA-BA)已经存在于复合材料中。STA测试结果表明:导电复合材料的玻璃化温度(Tg)为127℃,在270℃以下稳定性较好,通过原位乳液复合所得PANI-HCl/P(MMA-BA)导电复合材料的加工性及热稳定性能得到了改善。     

聚苯胺/镀银四氧化三铁复合材料的制备与表征

以聚苯胺（PANI）为基体,Fe3O4为磁性能给体,通过化学镀的方法在Fe3O4表面包覆一层银单质制备Ag/Fe3O4,并通过化学原位聚合的方法将PANI与Ag/Fe3O4复合,制备导电聚合物电磁双复型复合材料PANI/Ag/Fe3O4。结果表明,当Ag/Fe3O4的添加量为PANI质量的20%时,PANI/Ag/Fe3O4复合材料的电导率为0.85 S/cm,饱和磁化强度为 16.34 emu/g,复合材料的电磁性能得到很好的匹配;Ag/Fe3O4的加入阻碍了PANI的分解,PANI/Ag/Fe3O4复合材料的分解温度升高,热稳定性加强。     

PANI/TIO复合材料的制备及其在聚氨酯涂料中的应用

采用原位聚合的方法在锑掺杂氧化锡/氧化钛复合材料（TIO）上包覆一层完整的聚苯胺（PANI）膜,成功制备了PANI/TIO复合材料,将其作为水性聚氨酯涂料的填料,制备了水性聚氨酯导电涂料。利用X射线粉末衍射、透射电镜、红外光谱等分析方法对复合材料进行表征,利用涂层机械性能测试对导电涂料进行了测试。同时得到了制备PANI/TIO三元复合材料的最佳工艺条件：苯胺（An）包覆量为15%、m(An)/m[磺基水杨酸（SSA）]=0.4、m(An)/m[过硫酸铵（APS）]=3。在最佳工艺条件下,得到的PANI/TIO复合材料体积电阻率为15.3Ω·cm。实验结果表明：当填料比为15%时涂层机械性能最佳,硬度为2B、耐冲击力为50 cm、附着力为1级、涂层表面电阻为3.56×105Ω/m2,该导电涂料有较好的应用前景。     

聚苯胺导电复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过原位乳液聚合制备了PANI-HCI/P(MMA-BA)导电复合材料,对其导电率进行测试,并用FTIR、STA、XPS对导电复合材料的结构、热学性能、掺杂率进行了表征.结果表明:当APS/ANI摩尔比为1:1.5、反应单体中ANI为33%时,导电复合材料中PANI表面掺杂率为37.56%,复合材料电导率达到1.472×103S/cm.FTIR谱图表明导电复合材料分子结构中存在C=O、N=Q=N、N、-B-N等基团,说明共聚物P(MMA-BA)已经存在于复合材料中.STA测试结果表明:导电复合材料的玻璃化温度(Tg)为127℃,在270℃以下稳定性较好,通过原位乳液复合所得PANI-HCI/P(MMA-BA)导电复合材料的加工性及热稳定性能得到了改善.     

原位聚合法制备PANI/RGO导电复合材料的性能

采用原位聚合法制备聚苯胺(PANI)、PANI/氧化石墨烯(GO)复合材料和PANI/还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)复合材料。利用四探针测试仪、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)仪、热重(TG)分析仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对PANI及PANI/GO复合材料和PANI/RGO复合材料进行表征。电导率测试结果表明,当加入GO质量分数为50%时,先还原后聚合法制得PANI/RGO复合材料的导电率可达9.916 S/cm,RGO能有效提高复合材料的导电性;XRD和FTIR分析结果表明,GO和RGO都能较好分散在PANI中;TG分析结果表明,将GO还原为RGO后在小于250℃时能有效提高复合材料的热稳定性。通过原位聚合法能将GO和RGO较好分散在PANI中,形成较好的插层型复合材料,尤其是先还原后聚合法制得的PANI/RGO复合材料具有较好的导电性和热稳定性。     

微孔炭/聚苯胺纳米线复合材料的制备及其电化学电容性能

纳米线型导电聚合物是一种具有良好应用前景的超级电容器电极材料,该文用简易的原位化学氧化法制备了微孔炭/聚苯胺纳米线(MC/PANI)复合材料,并以此复合材料为活性物质制备工作电极,在1 mol/L H2SO4中,通过循环伏安、交流阻抗和恒流充放电技术考察了其电化学电容性能,结果表明,在0.2 A/g的电流密度下,MC/PANI电极首次充放电比电容可达到329 F/g,高于PANI电极的259 F/g,且MC/PANI电极电荷传递电阻(Rct)小于MC和PANI,可见纳米线型PANI可加强电极材料的电化学性能。     

镀银纳米石墨微片/丙烯酸酯导电压敏胶的研究

以天然EG(膨胀石墨)为原料,采用超声分散法制得NanoG(纳米石墨微片);然后采用化学镀法制备导电填料Ag-NanoG(镀银纳米石墨微片);最后采用溶液共混法制备丙烯酸酯类Ag-NanoG/PSA(镀银纳米石墨微片/导电压敏胶)。研究结果表明:NanoG表面镀上了一层均匀紧凑的金属Ag,Ag层厚度为250 nm左右,其质量分数为50.04%;导电填料Ag-NanoG已均匀分散在丙烯酸酯PSA基体中,并形成了导电网络;当w(Ag-NanoG)=40%时,Ag-NanoG/PSA的综合性能相对最好,其180°剥离强度为0.25 kN/m,剪切强度为0.133 MPa且电导率为2.5×10-2S/cm。     

Synthesis of high conductivity Polyaniline/Ag/graphite nanosheet composites via ultrasonic technique

A new process for the synthesis of high conductivity polyaniline/Ag/graphite nanosheet (PANI/Ag/NanoG) composites was developed. Graphite nanosheet was prepared by treating the expanded graphite in aqueous alcohol solution using sonication, and a uniform silver film about 470 nm thick was obtained on graphite nanosheet surface via an improved electroless plating method. Then PANI/Ag/NanoG composites were fabricated via in situ polymerization of aniline monomer in the presence of silver coated graphite nanosheet through using ultrasonic technique. The sliver particles and composites were evidenced by scanning and transmission electron microscopy examinations, the results showed that the silver coated graphite nanosheet particles played an important role in forming conducting bridge in polyaniline matrix. According to the electrically test, the conductivity of the PANI/Ag/NanoG composites was dramatically increased compared with pure PANI. From the thermogravimetric analysis, the PANI/Ag/NanoG composites exhibited a beneficial effect on the thermal stability of pure PANI.     

环氧树脂/镀银纳米石墨微片导热复合材料的制备与性能

以膨胀石墨为原料,采用超声分散法和化学镀法制得镀银纳米石墨微片,然后将其填充在环氧树脂基体中制备环氧树脂/镀银纳米石墨微片复合材料。结果表明,银粒子均匀镀覆在纳米石墨微片上,银层厚度为100 nm,有利于在环氧树脂基体中形成导热通路;与环氧树脂相比,环氧树脂/镀银纳米石墨微片复合材料的力学性能和热导率能都得到提高;当镀银纳米石墨微片含量为3 %时,复合材料的热导率为1.827 W/(m·K),比纯环氧树脂热导率提高了近5倍。     

Preparation and thermal conductivity of novolac/Ni/graphite nanosheet composites

A high thermal conductivity novolac/nickel/graphite nanosheet (novolac/Ni/NanoG) composite was synthesized through in situ polymerization. Graphite nanosheet (NanoG) was prepared by sonicating expanded graphite (EG) in an aqueous alcohol solution and was plated with nickel through an electrodeposition method. The X‐ray diffraction spectrum shows that nickel was successfully plated onto the graphite surface and the nickel thickness is about 27.89 nm. The microstructures of the Ni/NanoG were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results reveal that nickel particles with the average diameter of 25 nm are coated on NanoG surface homogeneously and densely. Energy dispersive spectrometry spectrum confirms that the Ni content coated on NanoG surface, whose atomic percentage is 61%, is much higher than that of C element. The values predicted by theoretical model were underestimated the thermal conductivity of novolac/Ni/NanoG composites. Among NG, EG, NanoG, and Ni/NanoG four kinds of particles, the Ni/NanoG improved the thermal conductivity of novolac resin significantly. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Effect of mechanical stretching on electrical conductivity and positive temperature coefficient characteristics of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/carbon nanofiber composites prepared by non-solvent precipitation

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/carbon nanofiber (CNF) composites with filler content ranging from 0.047 to 4.7 vol.% were prepared with non-solvent precipitation followed by melt compression. The morphology and electrical conductivity of the composites before and after mechanical stretching were examined. The results showed that CNFs were dispersed homogeneously in the PVDF matrix and a low electrical percolation threshold of 0.90 vol.% CNFs was obtained. Mechanical stretching led to a sharp decrease in the electrical conductivity of a composite containing 0.94 vol.% CNF. This was caused by the destruction of a conducting network structure when the fillers aligned along the stretching direction. This did not happen when the filler content was increased to 1.88 vol.%. The percolating composites displayed a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect with the effect being larger in stretched composites. This can be attributed to the presence of PVDF β-phase in stretched composites as revealed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.     

A novel soluble PANI/TPU composite doped with inorganic and organic compound acid

A series of novel soluble and thermoplastic polyurethane/polyaniline (TPU/PANI) composites doped with a compound acid, which was composed of an organic acid (p‐toluene sulfonic acid) and an inorganic acid (phosphoric acid), were successfully prepared by in situ polymerization. The effect of aniline (ANI) content, ratio of organic acid/inorganic acid, and different preparation methods on the conductivity of the TPU/PANI composites were investigated by using conductivity measurement. Lithium bisoxalato borate (LiBOB) was added to the prepared in situ TPU/PANI to coordinate with the ether oxygen groups originating from the soft molecular chains of TPU, and thus the conductivity of the composites was further enhanced. The molecular structure, thermal properties, and morphology of the TPU/PANI composites were studied by UV–visible spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results show that the in situ TPU/PANI composites doped with the compound acid can be easily dissolved in normal solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and 1,4‐dioxane. The conductivity of the TPU/PANI composites increases with the increase of the ANI content, in the ANI content range of 0–20 wt %; however, the conductivity of the composites reduces with further increment of ANI content. The conductivity of the TPU/PANI composites prepared by in situ polymerization is about two orders of magnitude higher than that prepared by solution blending method. LiBOB can endow the in situ TPU/PANI composites with an ionic conductivity. The dependence of the conductivity on temperature is in good accordance with the Arrhenius equation in the temperature range of 20–80°C. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Effect of dopant and oxidant on the electrochemical properties of polyaniline/graphite nanoplate composites

Optimizing the synthesis parameters of polyaniline/graphite nanoplate (PANI/GNP) composite is essential to the final electrochemical performance. Herein, the electrochemical properties of PANI/GNP composites, prepared by in situ chemical polymerization using varying amounts of different oxidants, with or without the addition of 4‐dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) as dopant, were investigated. Cyclic voltammetric results suggested that a stoichiometric amount of the oxidant iron chloride (FeCl₃) was beneficial to the electrochemical properties of the composites. The use of ammonium persulfate (APS) instead of FeCl₃ as oxidant largely increased the actual PANI content, conductivity and specific capacitance of the PANI/GNP composites. The dopant DBSA increased the conductivity of the PANI/GNP composites but did not show a positive effect on the electrochemical behavior. The cyclic voltammograms of the PANI/GNP composites indicated that the pseudocapacitance of PANI contributes more than the electrical double‐layer capacitance of GNP to the capacitance of the composites, while the presence of GNP plays an essential role in the rate capability of the composites. In this study, PANI/GNP (1:1) composite synthesized with an APS to aniline molar ratio of 1 showed a balanced combination of high specific capacitance (180.5 F g^?1 at 20 mV s^?1) and good rate capability (78% retention at 100 mV s^?1). © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Comparison on the Properties of Nickel-Coated Graphite (NCG) and Graphite Particles as Conductive Fillers in Polypropylene (PP) Composites

The present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of nickel-coated graphite (NCG) in comparison with graphite as conductive fillers in polypropylene (PP) matrix. Graphite exhibits smaller particle size and higher aspect ratio (length/thickness) than NCG particles. The results showed that the additions of graphite filler in PP exhibits higher tensile properties and electrical conductivity compared to NCG filled PP composites. The electrical results showed that the percolation threshold of graphite and NCG filled PP composites occurred in the range of 10 to 20 vol.% and 15 to 25 vol.%, respectively.     

Synergistic effect of polyaniline and multiwalled carbon nanotube on the microstructure and the electric property in PP/PANI/MWNT composites

In this article, the volume conductivity of polypropylene (PP)/polyaniline (PANI)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) composites was detected. When the ratio of PANI protonated with dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid (PANI‐DBSA) to MWNT is 2 to 3 and 3 to 17, the volume conductivity of the two composites is much higher than that of composites filled with solely PANI‐DBSA or MWNT. The synergistic effects of PANI‐DBSA and MWNT on the microstructure and the electric property of PP/PANI/MWNT composites were carefully analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. The SEM results illuminate that the dispersion and the continuity of the composites filled with PANI‐DBSA and MWNT are far better than that filled with only PANI‐DBSA or MWNT. Especially, the dispersion and continuity of PP/PANI/MWNT 5, in which the ratio of PANI‐DBSA to MWNT is 3 to 17, are the best among all the composites. When PANI‐DBSA is introduced in PP/PANI/MWNT composites, the size of agglomerated particles decreases, and the dispersion of conductive particles is improved evidently. Therefore, there is a synergistic action of PANI‐DBSA and MWNT, which is used to improve the dispersion of conductive particles and the volume conductivity of the PP/PANI/MWNT composites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Preparation and characterization of carboxymethyl polyvinyl alcohol–graphite nanosheet composites

Carboxymethyl polyvinyl alcohol (CMPVA) was prepared by introducing carboxymethyl groups to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with chloroacetic acid. Graphite nanosheets (NanoG) were obtained by treating expandable graphite at a high temperature in a muffle furnace, and then sonicating it in an aqueous ethyl alcohol solution. Nanocomposites of CMPVA with NanoG were prepared by dispersing NanoG in a CMPVA aqueous solution with the aid of sonication and then casted on plastic film to remove water. Carboxymethyl groups were proved to be linked to PVA by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and the degree of carboxymethyl substitution on the PVA was 2.77% determined by conductometric titration. Experimental results show that carboxylate anions in introduced carboxymethyl groups facilitate the dispersal of NanoG with positive charges in the CMPVA solution. The CMPVA matrix was detected by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR spectra to be less crystal, into which NanoG tend to disperse. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the structure of the graphite and morphology of the composites to prove that NanoG was 40–70 nm thick. The percolation threshold of CMPVA/NanoG composites at room temperature was as low as 0.80 wt%. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers