添加剂对PVC/ABS共混物热稳定性及力学性能的影响

通过熔融共混的方法制备了热稳定剂不同含量和增塑剂不同含量的聚氯乙烯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(PVC/ABS)共混物,采用热失重法和刚果红试纸法对共混物的热稳定性进行了研究,并对其力学性能进行了测试.结果表明:随着热稳定剂用量的增加,PVC/ABS共混物的热稳定性提高,但力学性能却下降,热稳定剂的用量不应超过5份;热稳定剂的加人影响ABS的热稳定性,但具体的作用机理还不清楚;随着增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)用量的增加,PVC/ABS共混物的热稳定性提高,但力学性能下降,DOP的用量不应超过15份;熔体流动速率测定和透射电镜分析表明,DOP能够改善PVC/ABS共混物的加工流动性,提高热稳定剂的分散性,从而提高共混物的热稳定性。     

小分子增塑剂对聚氯乙烯共混体系相容性的影响

采用熔融共混法分别将聚氯乙烯(PVC)、增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)和α-甲基苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(α-MSAN)或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)进行熔融共混,制备了一系列PVC/α-MSAN/DOP和PVC/PMMA/DOP共混物,利用动态黏弹谱仪、扫描电子显微镜研究了共混体系的相容性和相形态。结果表明,PVC/α-MSAN和PVC/PMMA共混物均为完全相容体系,引入增塑剂DOP后,PVC/PMMA共混物仍为相容体系,而对于PVC/α-MSAN共混物,随着DOP含量的增加,共混体系的相分离愈趋明显;最后阐明了小分子化合物对聚合物共混体系相容性的影响机制。     

DOP含量对PVC/α-MSAN共混物相容性的影响

在PVC与α-甲基苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(α-MSAN)配比不变的条件下,采用动态力学分析仪和扫描电子显微镜,系统地分析了DOP含量对PVC/α-MSAN共混体系相容性的影响。结果表明:1PVC/α-MSAN共混物是相容的均相体系;2少量DOP的加入不足以破坏PVC/α-MSAN共混物的均相体系;3随着DOP含量的增加,其对PVC/α-MSAN均相体系中分子作用力的破坏程度加大,体系的相分离程度加大;4随着DOP含量的增加,PVC/α-MSAN共混物链段运动的分散性增大,分子链断裂,分子链的柔韧性增加,表现出很好的柔韧性。     

PPES/PPS共混物的性能研究

采用熔融挤出、注射成型的方法制备了含二氮杂萘酮结构聚醚砜（PPES）和聚苯硫醚(PPS)共混物,对共混物的熔融加工性能、相容性以及力学性能能进行了研究。结果表明,共混物的熔体流动速率随着PPS含量的增加而增加,且当PPS含量较少时,共混物的熔体流动速率即有大幅度的上升;该共混物为热力学不相容体系;随着PPS含量的增加,共混物的力学性能先降低后上升,且当PPS含量约为30 %（质量分数,下同）时,共混物的力学性能最低。     

PA6含量对PVC/PA6共混物形态结构与力学性能的影响

以EVA-g-MAH为相容剂,将PVC与自制的低熔点PA6共混制备了PVC/PA6共混物。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和力学性能测试研究了PA6含量对PVC/PA6共混物形态结构及力学性能的影响。SEM分析结果显示:随着PA6含量的增加,PVC/PA6共混物的分散相尺寸逐渐增大,当PA6含量为10%时,共混物中分散相的分散尺寸最小为1μm;当PA6含量为50%时,共混物为两相共连续结构;当PA6含量为60%时,共混物中PA6为连续相,PVC为分散相。力学性能测试结果表明:当PA6含量为10%时,共混物的缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度都较PVC有明显提高,分别提高了约50%与30%,达到了6.29kJ/m2和60MPa。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了PVC/PA6共混物的结晶温度,检测结果显示:PVC/PA6共混物呈现非晶结构。     

SAN共聚物中AN含量对PVC/ABS/DOP共混物结构与性能的影响

采用半连续乳液聚合技术将聚苯乙烯(St)和丙烯腈(AN)接枝到聚丁二烯(PB)乳胶粒子上,通过改变共聚单体的投料比(St/AN)合成了一系列不同AN含量的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)接枝共聚物,将其与聚氯乙烯(PVC)和增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)熔融共混制得PVC/ABS/DOP(40/40/20)共混物。研究了共混物的热挺型性、微观形态结构和动态力学性能。结果发现,该共混物为双相连续结构,随着接枝SAN共聚物中AN含量的增加,由于DOP小分子与SAN共聚物的相互作用逐渐减弱,导致了SAN相的Tg和共混物的储能模量不断提高,改善了共混物的热挺型性,阐明了PVC/ABS/DOP共混物热挺型性的科学本质。     

低气味、低VOC聚丙烯/滑石粉共混物的研究

采用熔融共混法制备聚丙烯(PP)/滑石粉共混物,利用力学性能测试和热脱附-气相/质谱(TDS-GC/MS)分析手段考察了滑石粉、吸附剂和萃取剂对PP/滑石粉共混物力学性能、熔体流动速率、气味和挥发性有机物(VOC)挥发量的影响。实验结果表明,随着滑石粉、吸附剂和萃取剂含量的增加,PP/滑石粉共混物的气味和总挥发性有机物(TVOC)降低;而吸附剂和萃取剂含量对力学性能几乎没有影响,对熔体流动速率略有影响;另外,随着吸附剂含量的增加,PP/滑石粉共混物的吸湿性会增大,当吸附剂质量分数达到5%时,放置480 h后,其吸水量提高2.7倍;在滑石粉质量分数为20%的PP/滑石粉共混物中,当吸附剂和萃取剂质量分数分别为0.5%,1.0%时,共混物的气味强度和舒适度可分别达到2.5级和0级,TVOC挥发量较挤出后的纯PP下降51%。     

石蜡油、环烷油填充SEBS/PBT共混物性能对比

选取石蜡油KP6030以及环烷油KN4010作为两种填充油,分别制备了聚苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)/聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)共混物。研究了不同填充油以及不同的PBT含量对共混物的力学性能、流动性能的影响。同时使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对部分SEBS/PBT共混物的断面形貌进行了分析研究。结果表明:两种填充油对共混物性能的影响效果基本相似,以石蜡油为填充油的SEBS/PBT共混物力学性能更优,但流动性能较差。随着PBT含量的增加,共混物的相容性呈现由差到好的趋势,导致共混物的熔体流动速率(MFR)先下降后上升。同时力学性能测试结果表明,随着PBT含量的提高,两组共混物的拉伸强度以及硬度均出现了显著的提升,拉伸强度分别由2.75 MPa及2.46 MPa提升至4.93 MPa及5.57 MPa,硬度分别由42.5及45.8提高至67.2及72。力学性能得到有效的改善,但PBT含量的提高抑制了共混物的流动性能,MFR呈现一定程度的下降,石蜡油组共混物的MFR由18.5 g/10min下降至16.6 g/10min,环烷油组共混物的MFR由27.4 g/10min下降至24.5 g/10min。     

P83/DOP对PVC/CPE共混物性能的影响

制备了聚氯乙烯/氯化聚乙烯(PVC/CPE)共混物,研究了改性剂CHEMIGUMP83(简称P83)和增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)对共混物硬度、拉伸性能和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:适量的P83和DOP并用,可以降低共混物的硬度,改善共混物的拉伸性能;P83可以有效减缓DOP的加入导致的共混物耐磨性能下降的趋势;当DOP用量在25～30phr、P83用量在10～15phr时,PVC/CPE共混物具有较好的物理力学性能。     

吸附剂及萃取剂对ABS共混物性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制备ABS共混物,利用力学性能测试和热脱附-气相/质谱(TDS-GC/MS)分析手段考察了吸附剂、萃取剂以及真空度对ABS共混物力学性能、熔体流动速率、气味和挥发性有机物(VOC)挥发量的影响。实验结果表明,随着吸附剂、萃取剂和真空度的增加,ABS共混物的气味和总挥发性有机物(TVOC)降低;而吸附剂和萃取剂含量对力学性能几乎没有影响,对熔体流动速率略有影响;另外,随着吸附剂含量的增加,ABS共混物的吸湿性逐渐增大。当吸附剂质量分数达到5%时,放置360 h后,其吸水量提高1倍;在ABS共混物中,当吸附剂和萃取剂质量分数分别为1.0%、1.5%时,共混物的气味强度和舒适度可分别达到3.0级和0级,TVOC的挥发量比挤出后的纯ABS下降了55%。     

Plastification of poly(vinyl chloride) by polymer blending

Blends of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with different copolymers have been studied to obtain a plasticized PVC with improved properties and the absence of plasticizer migration. The copolymers used as plasticizers in the blends were acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and ethylene-acrylic copolymer (E-Acry). Blends were studied with regard to their processing, miscibility, and mechanical properties, as a function of blend and copolymer composition. The results obtained were compared with those of equivalent compositions in the PVC/dioctyl phthalate (DOP) system. Better results than PVC/DOP were obtained for PVC/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber blends. The plasticizing effect on PVC of EVA and E-Acry copolymers was similar to that of DOP. It is shown that crosslinking PVC/E-Acry blends or increasing the vinyl acetate content in PVC/EVA blends, are alternatives that can increase the compatibility and mechanical properties of these blends. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 1303–1312, 2000     

环保增塑剂及热稳定剂在PVC中的协同作用

以农林剩余物资源腰果酚为原料合成腰果酚基乙酸酯增塑剂(CA),并用不饱和天然油脂为原料制备多效的油脂源钙锌复合热稳定剂(OMFCTS),将其与聚氯乙烯(PVC)进行共混,通过动态力学性能,热重分析,拉伸性能测试以及静态热稳定性分析,研究其增塑效果及协同作用,并与增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)及热稳定剂硬脂酸钙锌盐进行对比。结果表明,含有20份CA增塑剂及OMFCTS热稳定剂的PVC增塑体系的玻璃化转变温度及储能模量低于PVC/DOP增塑体系;热失重10%及50%的温度明显升高,第一最大失重速率温度和第二最大失重速率温度基本保持不变;断裂伸长率提高到了248.66%,拉伸强度降至5.84 MPa;静态热稳定时间可延长到50 min以上。综上可知,CA增塑剂及OMFCTS热稳定剂联用,可有效改善PVC共混体系的相容性、力学性能及热稳定性,提高制品的综合应用性能及环保性。     

低相对分子质量PBA在PVC中的增塑作用研究

以己二酸和1,4丁二醇为原料,通过熔融缩聚法制备一系列不同特性黏度的低相对分子质量聚己二酸1,4丁二醇酯(PBA)。将低相对分子质量PBA作为增塑剂用于聚氯乙烯(PVC)中, 通过测定其玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、极限氧指数和液相迁出,研究不同特性黏度的低相对分子质量PBA的增塑效率。结果表明,当添加量为30份时,PVC/PBA的Tg低于PVC/邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP),并随着特性黏度的增加而增加;特性黏度为0.115 dL/g的PBA加入PVC时具有最佳断裂伸长率,可达271.9 %,优于加入同等量的DOP体系;此外PBA液相迁出率随特性黏度的增加而降低,最低几乎为零;且PVC/PBA比PVC/DOP具有更好的热稳定性和阻燃性。     

Application of Poly(butylenes 2-methylsuccinate) as Migration Resistant Plasticizer for Poly(vinyl chloride)

The bio-based and biodegradable polyester poly(butylenes 2-methylsuccinate) (PBM) was successfully used as a polymeric plasticizer to modify poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in this work. The tensile properties, plasticization efficiency estimated by the lowered glass transition temperature and the enhanced elongation at break of the PVC/PBM blends and the migration stability of the PBM were investigated. It was indicated that the migration-resistant property of PVC plasticized with PBM was greatly superior to that with dioctyl phthalate (DOP). Furthermore, the tensile properties were comparable to that of PVC/DOP, indicating that the environmentally friendly PBM can be used as an alternative plasticizer to remove the potential health risks from migrating phthalates during applications.     

环保型钙锌复合热稳定剂与增塑剂在 PVC中的协效作用研究

将生物基增塑剂橡胶籽油基环氧脂肪酸甲酯（ERSO）与热稳定剂油脂源多聚脂肪酸基钙锌（OMFCTS）复配,以β-二酮作辅助热稳定剂,改性聚氯乙烯（PVC）,通过热老化烘箱法、刚果红法、热重分析（TGA）、热重红外联用（TGA-FTIR）分析、热重质谱联用（TGA-MS）分析、力学性能测试及动态力学性能分析（DMA）考察了改性PVC的热稳定性及力学性能,并对8个配方改性后PVC的性能进行了对比。结果表明：与DOP/CaSt₂/ZnSt₂、DOP/OMFCTS和ERSO/CaSt₂/ZnSt₂体系相比,ERSO/OMFCTS体系的热稳定性最优,力学性能较好,改性PVC的玻璃化转变温度（38.2℃）最低,拉伸断裂伸长率达265.6%;静态热稳定时间（200℃）最长（46'21"）。ERSO和OMFCTS具有良好的协同作用,二者可有效替代传统增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）及热稳定剂硬脂酸钙锌（CaSt₂/ZnSt₂）。     

两类不同相容剂对聚氯乙烯/回收聚乙烯共混材料物性的影响

分别采用磷酸三对仲丁基苯基酯(TBPP)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)作为相容剂制备了聚氯烯(PVC)/回收聚乙烯(RPE)共混材料;利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了共混材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和结晶度,结果表明:与DOP相比,磷酸酯能有效提高共混材料中RPE的结晶度。热变形性能测试结果表明:磷酸酯改性的共混体系具有较好的抗热变形能力。力学性能测试结果表明:磷酸酯改性的共混材料拉伸性能和弯曲性能得到了明显的提高,与空白相比,磷酸酯的添加量为5份时,拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了26%和8%,而DOP改性的共混材料相应的强度提高率仅为22%和2%;磷酸酯改性的共混体系冲击强度保持率为83%,而DOP改性的共混材料的冲击强度保持率为76%。     

Effect of α-MSt content in α-MSAN copolymer on the miscibility of PVC/α-MSAN blends

A series of α-methylstyrene, styrene and acrylonitrile(α-MSAN) copolymers with different α-methylstyrene (α-MSt) content were synthesized by altering α-MSt and St ratios with emulsion copolymerization method. By melt blending these copolymers with PVC resin and di-isooctyl phthalate (DOP), PVC/α-MSAN and PVC/α-MSAN/DOP blends were prepared. The miscibility and morphology of the blends were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The miscibility of PVC/α-MSAN blends is substantially improved with the increasing α-MSt content in α-MSAN copolymer containing identical AN content and the blends show homogeneous morphology as the α-MSt content in α-MSAN copolymer is up to 22.5wt%. α-MSAN copolymer containing 37.5wt% α-MSt is fully miscible with PVC throughout the whole composition range. When DOP was introduced into the PVC/α-MSAN blends, a single Tanδ peak over room temperature in DMA detection is found as α-MSt content in α-MSAN copolymer is from 15 to 75 wt%, and morphology result also shows that the PVC and α-MSAN copolymer is miscible under the influence of DOP.     

PVC/EVA共混物的研究

本文研究了混炼温度和时间对PVC/EVA共混物抗冲性能的影响,发现加入聚乙烯,共混体系的抗冲击强度能进一步提高.用TEM观察了PVC/EVA的形态结构,采用Brabender塑化仪和毛细管流变仪研究了共混物的塑化和熔体流变行为.通过计算机对实验结果进行二元线性回归,建立了共混物的熔体粘度与剪切应力和温度相关联的数学模型.     

Effect of the composition of α-MSAN copolymer on the miscibility of PVC/α-MSAN blends

A series of α-methylstyrene, styrene, and acrylonitrile (α-MSAN) copolymers with different acrylonitrile (AN) contents were synthesized by altering α-MSt, St, and AN ratios with emulsion copolymerization method. By melt-blending these copolymers with PVC resin and di-isooctyl phthalate (DOP), PVC/α-MSAN, and PVC/α-MSAN/DOP blends were prepared. The miscibility and morphology of the blends were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy. The PVC is immiscible with SAN by melt-mixing, whereas PVC is miscible with α-MSAN (α-MSt/St = 1/1) if AN weight percent is within the window range of 20–25 wt %, and α-MSAN (not containing St) with 35 wt % AN is miscible with PVC even when they are blended by melt-mixing. Replacement of styrene with α-methylstyrene widens the miscibility window with PVC. The miscibility of PVC/α-MSAN blends is substantially improved with the increasing α-MSt content in α-MSAN copolymer containing identical AN content. When DOP was introduced into the PVC/α-MSAN (α-MSt/St = 1/1) blends, a single tan δ peak over room temperature in DMA detection is found as AN content in α-MSAN copolymer is within the range of 15–25 wt %, and SEM observation also shows that the blends are homogeneous. When the AN content in α-MSAN copolymer is over 35 wt %, the presence of DOP causes the phase domain extended. The phase domain size of the PVC/α-MSAN/DOP blends intensively depends on AN content in α-MSAN copolymer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

PBS/PBAT共混型全生物降解材料的制备及其性能研究

通过熔融共混法制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）/聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）共混物,用熔体流动速率法、扫描量热法、X射线衍射、扫描电镜法及力学性能测试等手段研究了PBS/PBAT共混物的熔体流动性、结晶性能、力学性能以及共混物相容性。结果表明,随着PBAT含量的增加,PBS/PBAT共混体系的拉伸强度先升高后降低,断裂伸长率不断提高,冲击强度先降低后提高;当PBAT含量为20 %（质量分数,下同）时,与纯PBS相比,断裂伸长率提高10倍,冲击强度提高82 %,而拉伸强度仅仅降低6 %。