新型无源无损软开关boost变换器研究

软开关技术能够有效改善功率开关管的工作环境,降低开关损耗,提高变换器的效率。该文分析和实现了一种最小电压应力的无源无损软开关boost变换器。其无源无损软开关电路仪由电感、电容和二极管组成。它利用电感和电容的谐振工作实现能量的传递,并将开关瞬态的能量在个开关周期内转移到负载端,从而实现无源无损软开关。文中对电路的各种工作模态进行了详细分析,并给出了软开关环节中的参数设计方法：250W的样机实验表明,该变换器实现了主功率开关管开通时的零电流开通和关断时的零电压关断,开关管上的电压应力最小,其值与输出电压相等。具有较为广阔的应用前景。     

一种新颖的耦合电感MVS无源无损缓冲电路

研究了一种适用于大功率Buck变换器的带耦合电感的最小电压应力(Minimun Voltage Stress,简称MVS)无源无损ZCS开通缓冲电路,它利用耦合电感的漏感与谐振电容在功率管开关过程中进行谐振,实现软开关。分析了变换器的工作模态,给出了软开关环节中耦合电感和谐振电容的参数设计方法,并搭建了150 W实验样机。实验结果表明,该结构实现了功率开关管ZCS开通和近似ZVS关断,抑制了功率二极管的反向恢复过程,减小了开关损耗,提高了变换器的效率。     

有源箝位软开关全桥Boost变换器

提出一种含有源箝位辅助电路的软开关全桥Boost变换器,其利用电感与电容谐振实现主开关管的零电流开通与零电压关断。有源箝位电路即可抑制变换器工作时可能出现的电压过冲,又可将箝位电容吸收的能量返还回主电路,且箝位开关管以零电压方式开通与关断。输出端采用倍压整流,可以降低变压器匝比。最后利用硬件实验波形验证了所述变换器的有源箝位和软开关特性。     

一种最小应力的无源无损软开关方案

无源软开关技术控制和实现简单,工程应用广泛。文中提出一种适用于基本PWM DC/DC变换器的最小电压、电流应力无源无损软开关单元。实现开关管零电流开通、零电压关断,二极管软开关。开关管电压应力没有增大,增加的谐振电感有效抑制其电流峰值。同时,无源软开关单元钳位了二极管电压。在不增大原功率电路半导体器件的电压、电流应力条件下,实现软开关。文中以buck变换器为例,详细分析所提无源软开关方案的工作原理,给出无源网络参数设计过程,通过计算机仿真,并设计一台100 k Hz,200 V/5 A的buck样机。与硬开关进行效率对比,在20%到额定负载范围内,软开关方案的效率均优于硬开关。     

一种新颖的ZVT Boost变换器

脉宽调制（Pulse Width Modulation,简称PWM）Boost变换器被广泛用作DC/DC变换器和功率因数校正装置。提出了一种新颖的零电压转换（Zero Voltage Transition,简称ZVT）Boost变换器,利用能量反馈辅助电路实现了升压管的ZVT和升压二极管的软开关。辅助电路由辅助开关管、耦合电感（反激变压器）和反馈二极管构成。辅助开关管实现了零电流开通和近似零电压关断,变换器的效率较高,电磁干扰低。在辅助开关管关断时,耦合电感将谐振电路中的能量馈送至电源端,功率器件的电压电流应力较低,辅助电路的传导损耗较小。详细分析了该变换器的工作原理,并通过样机进行了验证。     

一种高增益软开关Boost-Forward变换器

提出一种高增益软开关Boost-Forward变换器。通过采用耦合电感提高了变换器的电压增益,开关管两端的并联电容限制了关断时的电压变化率,降低了关断损耗,合理设置开关驱动之间的死区,实现了开关管零电压开通。开关管的电压应力均低于输出电压,可采用低导通电阻的开关管降低导通损耗。合理设计漏感大小,解决了二极管的反向恢复问题。此外,耦合电感在开关导通和关断期间均向二次侧传递了能量,提高了耦合电感利用率。最后搭建了一台实验样机,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

高效率准谐振Buck变换器设计与研究

电感电流临界连续工作模式(BCM)Buck变换器,在电感电流下降到零时,输出滤波电感和开关管并联电容谐振即准谐振(Quasi Resonant)(QR)。在开关管两端电压谐振到零的时候开通开关管,则可以实现零电压零电流开通(ZVS/ZCS)。本文通过详细分析输出电感与开关管并联电容的谐振过程,得出开关管两端电压为零的时间,并且通过设计延时电路,以保证输入电压变化时依然能够实现零电压和零电流开通(ZVS/ZCS)。在开关管关断时由于开关管两端并联了谐振电容,可近似认为是零电压关断。而且Buck变换器工作于BCM模式时输出滤波电感体积小,动态响应速度变快,二极管自然关断,没有反向恢复损耗。最后设计了一台3kW的原理样机,最高效率可以达到98.7%。     

一种新型的有源软开关变换器

为实现一种结构简单,高效,高频,低的电压应力,简于控制的软开关升压变换器,提出一种有源辅助谐振换流新型软开关变换器,即通过采用简单的有源辅助谐振网络实现了主、辅开关管的软开关,主开关管实现了零电压零电流开通、零电压关断,开关管电流电压应力小,辅助开关管实现了零电压零电流关断、零电流开通,特别适用于以绝缘栅双极型晶体管(...     

耦合电感式无源无损缓冲电路的优化设计

耦合电感式无源无损缓冲电路利用耦合电感的漏感与缓冲电容,在功率管开关过程中进行谐振,实现功率管的零电流开通和零电压关断。为了尽量减小开关损耗,并保证可实现软开关的较宽占空比范围,根据功率管的损耗模型并结合缓冲电路实现软开关的条件,提出一种基于该缓冲电路谐振元件参数的优化设计方法。采用该方法设计的耦合电感式无源无损缓冲电路不受最小电压应力无源无损缓冲电路中谐振元件参数的限制,拓宽了软开关的占空比范围,提高了效率。通过一台240W的带有该缓冲电路的Buck变换器原理样机,验证了理论分析和设计的正确性。     

一种新型无源无损软开关UPS充电拓扑研究

结合不间断电源(UPS)充电拓扑对称式结构与无源无损软开关技术的优点,提出了一种新型无源无损软开关充电拓扑。缓冲电路通过电感、电容、二极管等无源器件将开关瞬态的能量在一个开关周期转移到负载端或供电端。分析了电路的工作模态,给出了缓冲电路中电感、电容的参数设计方法。为验证该设计,搭建了一台6kWUPS充电样机。试验结果表明该拓扑较硬开关拓扑效率明显提高,主功率管较好地实现了零电流开通与零电压关断。     

ZVS半桥变换器的磁集成研究

为了减小高频时开关电源的开关损耗,提高变换器的效率和比功率,对传统的半桥变换器进行改造,增加谐振电感和谐振电容,通过谐振电感对并联在开关管两端的谐振电容的充、放电来实现开关管的零电压开关。为了减小开关电源中磁件的数量和体积采用平面磁集成技术将分立的谐振电感和变压器集成在同一个平面磁芯上。重点分析集成后ZVS半桥变换器的工作原理,研究谐振电感和变压器的集成方案。通过仿真和实验结果证明该方案的正确性和可行性。     

一种新型正-反激变换器的研究

在传统对称式电阻、电容、二极管RCD(resistance capacitance diode)箝位正激变换器基础上,通过引入中间电容和用开关管代替副边的一个二极管,提出了一种具有正反激功能的新型变换器。该变换器在继承传统对称式RCD箝位正-反激变换器的高效率、占空比可大于0.5和低开关管电压应力优点的同时,进一步拓宽输入电压变化范围和提高输出电压增益。首先分析了变换器工作于激磁电流连续导电模式MCCM(magnetizing current continuous mode)的工作过程,详细分析了MCCM和激磁电流断续导电模式MDCM(magnetizing current discontinuous mode)2种模式下的宽范围和增益特性以及原/副边开关管实现零电压转换ZVS(zero voltage switch)的条件;然后确立了在一定漏电感功率下箝位电阻值与箝位电容电压之间的函数关系曲线,并以此作为选取箝位电阻参考。最后,通过一台实验样机验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Analysis,design and implementation of a high‐voltage gain DC‐DC converter

An interleaved DC‐DC converter with soft switching technique is presented. There are two converter modules in the adopted circuit to share the load power. Since the interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM) is adopted to control two circuit modules, the ripple currents at input and output sides are naturally reduced. Therefore the input and output capacitances can be reduced. In each circuit module, a conventional boost converter and a voltage doubler configuration with a coupled inductor are connected in series at the output side to achieve high step‐up voltage conversion ratio. Active snubber connected in parallel with boost inductor is adopted to limit voltage stress on active switch and to release the energy stored in the leakage and magnetizing inductances. Since asymmetrical PWM is used to control active switches, the leakage inductance and output capacitance of active switches are resonant in the transition interval. Thus, both active switches can be turned on at zero voltage switching. The resonant inductance and output capacitances at the secondary side of transformer are resonant to achieve zero current switching turn‐off for rectifier diodes. Therefore, the reverse recovery losses of fast recovery diodes are reduced. Finally, experiments based on a laboratory prototype rated at 400 W are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis and Implementation of an Interleaved ZVS Converter with High Input Voltage

An interleaved half‐bridge converter is presented for high input voltage application. The features of the proposed converter are zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on for all active switches, ripple current reduction at output side, load current sharing and load voltage regulation. Two half‐bridge converters connected in series and two split capacitors are used to limit the voltage stress of each power switch at one‐half of input DC bus voltage. Thus, active switches with low voltage stress can be used at high input voltage application. On the other hand, the output sides of two half‐bridge converters are connected in parallel to share the load current and reduce the current stresses of the secondary windings and the rectifier diodes. Since two half‐bridge converters are operated with interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM), the output ripple current can partially cancel each other such that the resultant ripple current at output side is reduced and the size of output inductors can be reduced. In each half‐bridge converter, asymmetrical PWM scheme is used to regulate the output voltage. Based on the resonant behavior by the output capacitance of MOSFETs and the leakage inductance (or external inductance) of transformers, active switches can be turned on at ZVS during the transition interval. Thus, the switching losses of power MOSFETs are reduced. The proposed converter can be applied for high input voltage applications such as three‐phase 380‐V utility system. Finally, experiments based on a laboratory prototype with 960‐W rated power are provided to demonstrate the performance of proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于IGBT有源缓冲高功率因数校正器应用

介绍了一种采用有源缓冲技术来减小开关损耗和提高功率因数的新型升压校正器,该有源缓冲电路由电感、电容、二极管和一个辅助开关组成.由于升压开关零电流关断,因此该技术十分适合用于绝缘栅双极性晶体管(IGBT).升压开关及二极管串联的有源缓冲电感减少了二极管反向恢复损耗,此外,辅助开关零电压工作.     

一种改进PWM控制半桥ZVS变换器研究

本文分析了一种半桥软开关直流变换器。与传统半桥电路相比,该电路增加了一个由辅助开关管和一个二级管组成的支路。采用一种改进的PWM控制方法。主开关管不仅工作在对称状态,而且能很好地实现软开关。辅助开关开关管在主开关管关闭期间实现ZVS和ZCS导通,辅助开关管不仅为主开关管实现ZVS创造了条件,而且大大减轻了变压器漏感和主开关管结电容之间的振荡。文中详细分析了该变换器的工作原理,仿真和试验研究表明,该变换器具有优良的性能。     

基于电流馈电推挽式变换拓扑的变换器电源设计

以提高变换器电源的效率和可靠性为目标,设计了基于电流馈电推挽式变换拓扑的变换器电源。为使变换器电源具备开关管以零电压开关方式通断、开关频率恒定等理想特性,采用电压型推挽全桥逆变器,设计属于电流馈电推挽式变换拓扑结构的变换器电源装置主回路。选择DSSK60-015A全波整流二极管作为变换器电源主回路硬件;通过反馈控制电路调控电压波动时控制端流变化;根据变压器电感、匝数、线径等特性设计变压器绕制结构,完成变换器电源变压过程;设计保护电路,保证电源可靠工作。实验结果表明,所设计的变换器电源的输出电压、电流误差范围均在2%内,开关管实现了零压开通,变换器电源功率因数均保持在0.96以上,且效率高达95%。     

一种应用于光伏并网发电系统的新型双输入DC-DC变换器

提出一种具有高增益低电压应力的双输入DC-DC变换器,该变换器由2个上下对称的耦合电感Boost变换器组成。具有单输入和双输入2个模式,在单输入状态下只有一个开关管工作;在双输入状态下有2个开关管工作。新型变换器可以通过改变耦合电感的匝比来提升变换器电压增益;输出端采用三电平结构使变换器开关管和二极管电压应力减小。分析了变换器在单输入和双输入模式下的工作模态;给出了变换器主要工作波形;推导了变换器电压增益,开关管和二极管电压应力,分析了漏感对变换器电压增益的影响。通过实验验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Isolated high voltage‐boosting converter derived from forward converter

A novel isolated high voltage‐boosting converter, derived from the traditional forward converter, is presented in this paper. As compared with the traditional forward converter, the demagnetizing winding of the transformer in the proposed converter is used not only to demagnetize but also to improve the voltage conversion ratio. Therefore, the duty cycle is not limited, and the utilization of the transformer, also called coupled inductor, can be increased also. Furthermore, the proposed converter maintains the advantage of possessing a non‐pulsating output current, leading to a small output voltage ripple. Moreover, by applying one additional voltage‐boosting winding to the transformer, the voltage conversion ratio can be significantly improved. In addition, an active clamp circuit is employed in the proposed converter to reduce the voltage stress of the main switch, caused by the leakage inductance in the transformer, and the switches can achieve zero‐voltage switching. Finally, the analysis of operating principles, choice of the turns, turns ratio, core size, and each wire size of the coupled inductor are described in detail, and the experimental results with a prototype with 12‐V input voltage, 100‐V output voltage, and 100‐W output power are provided to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.