Impact of convective tip condition on the transient thermal behavior of wet porous convective radiative exponential profiled inclined longitudinal fin structures subject to heat generation

A convective-radiative fully wet porous inclined longitudinal fin of exponential profile is the focus of the current work. The thermal behavior of the fin under unsteady conditions has been analyzed for adiabatic and convective boundary conditions. The exponential fin and its counterpart inverted exponential fin are simultaneously investigated by considering temperature-relevant thermal conductivity and heat generation. The modeled governing equation upon nondimensionalization reduces to a partial differential equation which is computed by employing the finite difference approach. The impact of relevant parameters like the convective parameter, radiative parameter, wet porous parameter, dimensionless time, exponential index, dimensionless ambient temperature, generation number, thermal conductivity parameter, and angle of inclination on thermal characteristics of exponential and inverted exponential fin structures with adiabatic and convective boundary restrictions have been examined. One of the main outcomes was that the inverted exponential fin with an adiabatic tip gives rise to the highest thermal curve, and the tapered exponential fin with a convective tip resulted in the lowest thermal curve.     

Analysis of heat transfer through different profiled longitudinal porous fin by differential transformation method

A porous fin of longitudinal geometry with different profiles like rectangular, triangular, and convex shapes is considered in the present investigation. The totally wet condition under the existence of natural convection and radiation has been examined. In addition, the generation of thermal-dependent internal heat is studied. The analysis also concentrates on the material of the fin. Here, the fin made up of aluminum and copper metal is taken for scrutinization. The derived ordinary differential equation was solved by the differential transform method. The obtained consequences have been graphically interpreted. It is determined that the fin made up of aluminum material dissipates more heat than the copper material fin.     

Numerical validation of natural convection heat transfer with horizontal rectangular fin array using straight knurling patterns on fins—correlation for Nusselt number

Natural convection heat transfer from horizontal rectangular fin array with various knurling patterns has been studied experimentally by the present authors to investigate the effect of knurl‐produced surface roughness of fin on the heat transfer rate. The parameters like knurling height from base, knurling depth, fin spacing, and supply wattage were considered for parametric study. In the present paper, numerical method (CFD) is used to simulate natural convection phenomena with knurled fins and results are validated with the experimental data available from literature. The numerical results show similar trends compared with experimental data and one can use this method to study various fin configurations for knurling patterns. The flow patterns from experiments and numerical method are compared for different supply wattages and fin spacing to back up the conclusion. It is also observed that the variation in nondimensional roughness depth and spacing (D _kn/H and S/H) have more effect on Nusselt number than roughness height parameter (H _kn/H). Further, the method is extended to study numerically large number of fin configurations with knurling patterns to gather sufficient data for Nusselt number with respect to fin geometric parameters as above and establish correlation for heat transfer coefficient for such type of fins.     

CFD Analysis of Steady Laminar Natural Convection Heat Transfer from a Pin Finned Isothermal Vertical Plate

Heat transfer behavior with both the conductive and nonconductive fins have been analyzed by examining variations of the local and average Nusselt numbers in two‐dimensional flow. The main objective of this study is to quantify and compare the natural convection heat transfer enhancement of fin array with different fin aspect ratio and at different angles of inclination. It is found that significant heat transfer augmentation is obtained for both conductive and nonconductive fins. For conductive fins 20% higher augmentation factor is obtained when the fin aspect ratio is 6, angle of inclination is 60° and the pitch‐to‐length ratio is 0.2. For nonconductive fins, 10% higher augmentation factor is obtained when fin aspect ratio is 8, angle of inclination is 45° and pitch‐to‐length ratio at 0.5. A general correlation has been developed to predict the average Nusselt number and heat transfer augmentation factor for conductive and nonconductive fin arrays as a function of different fin configurations.     

Performance analysis of multistep sorption energy storage using compound adsorbents

The multistep sorption‐reaction cycle utilizes heat from several processes, such as absorption, dilution, crystallization reaction, and thermochemical reaction. So, it is very attractive to use multistep sorption technology to improve the performance of temperature transmitter, air conditioning, and heat pump. Different working pairs of silica gel/LiCl, activated carbon/LiCl multiwalled carbon nanotubes/LiCl, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes/CaCl₂ are tested and compared. The results show that the water uptake of these compound adsorbents varies with different salt mass fraction. The water uptake goes up dramatically at the crystallization and deliquescence point. Compared with the energy storage performance under the same working conditioning, the activated carbon/LiCl has the best performance, and the possible reason is that the activated carbon has the largest specific surface and the smallest average pore diameter.     

The effects of various carbon derivative additives on the thermal properties of paraffin as a phase change material

The storage of thermal energy in phase change materials (PCMs) has found wide applications that enable energy conservation and management. Paraffin is a major PCM with its low cost, wide availability, and relatively high latent heat, yet its low thermal conductivity may become a drawback in high‐power applications. In this study, composites of paraffin were prepared with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and activated carbon by a dispersion technique to overcome these drawbacks. Thermal, chemical, and physical influences of incorporating carbon additives with varying structures in paraffin composites on thermal storage capacity were determined. Results indicated that the thermal conductivities of paraffin‐activated carbon composites (PACC) and paraffin multiwalled carbon nanotube composites (PCNC) were improved by a factor of 39.1 and 34.1%, respectively, compared with the conductivity of pure paraffin. As a bonus, the thermal energy storage capacities of PCNCs were enhanced by 9.6%, whereas this remained unchanged for PACCs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Heat transfer enhancement of finned-tube heat exchanger using nozzle- and diffuser-shaped fins instead of straight fins

In this paper, a new method has been used to improve the heat transfer rate in the finned-tube heat exchanger with nozzle- and diffuser-shaped arrangement. For this study, the effect of several parameters was studied numerically. For the computational fluid dynamics simulation, the continuity, momentum, and energy equations were solved by the finite volume method using the standard k–ԑ model. The rate of heat transfer increases with the decreasing of fin bend radius (15 < R_fb < 20) for both nozzle-shaped fin and diffuser-shaped fin. By increasing of side temperature (600 < T_side < 900) and side Reynolds number (2000 < Re_side < 5000) the heat transfer rate increased for both nozzle- and diffuser-shaped fins. Results showed that a nozzle-shaped fin with a fin bend radius of 15 mm under the condition of Re_in = 20,000, T_side = 900 K, and Re_side = 3400 has a higher effect on heat transfer in comparison with the other types of fins. The maximum heat transfer rate was almost 39% and 35% for the nozzle-shaped fin with a bend radius of 15 mm and diffuser-shaped fin with a bend radius of 15 mm compared with the simple tube, respectively. Finally, correlational equations have been suggested to forecast the average Nu number as functions of various parameters of the tube equipped with different types of outer fins involving nozzle- and diffuser-shaped.     

Effects of fin shapes on heat transfer in microchannel heat sinks

In the present study, compact water cooling of high‐density, high‐speed, very‐large‐scale integrated (VLSI) circuits with the help of microchannel heat exchangers were investigated analytically. This study also presents the result of mathematical analysis based on the modified Bessel function of laminar fluid flow and heat transfer through combined conduction and convection in a microchannel heat sink with triangular extensions. The main purpose of this paper is to find the dimensions of a heat sink that give the least thermal resistance between the fluid and the heat sink, and the results are compared with that of rectangular fins. It is seen that the triangular heat sink requires less substrate material as compared to rectangular fins, and the heat transfer rate per unit volume has been almost doubled by using triangular heat sinks. It is also found that the effectiveness of the triangular fin is higher than that of the rectangular fin. Therefore, the triangular heat sink has the ability to dissipate large amounts of heat with relatively less temperature rise for the same fin volume. Alternatively, triangular heat sinks may thus be more cost effective to use for cooling ultra‐high speed VLSI circuits than rectangular heat sinks.     

Transient heat transfer in a heat‐generating fin with radiation and convection with temperature‐dependent heat transfer coefficient

The transient heat transfer in a heat‐generating fin with simultaneous surface convection and radiation is studied numerically for a step change in base temperature. The convection heat transfer coefficient is assumed to be a power law function of the local temperature difference between the fin and its surrounding fluid. The values of the power exponent n are chosen to include simulation of natural convection (laminar and turbulent) and nucleate boiling among other convective heat transfer modes. The fin is assumed to have uniform internal heat generation. The transient response of the fin depends on the convection‐conduction parameter, radiation‐conduction parameter, heat generation parameter, power exponent, and the dimensionless sink temperature. The instantaneous heat transfer characteristics such as the base heat transfer, surface heat loss, and energy stored are reported for a range of values of these parameters. When the internal heat generation exceeds a threshold the fin acts as a heat sink instead of a heat source. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.21012     

连续型与锯齿型螺旋翅片管翅片效率计算与分析

介绍了烟气换热领域常用的两类高频焊钢质螺旋翅片管.指出目前存在多种连续型与锯齿型高频焊螺旋翅片管翅片效率计算方法,不便于同类换热实验结果的相互比较.通过深入分析与计算比较,对连续型与锯齿型高频焊螺旋翅片管分别给出了建议的翅片效率计算方法,供相关的工程设计及实验研究选用.两种管型的翅片效率比较表明,锯齿翅片的翅片效率较高,提高的幅度随翅片高度增大而增大.     

Transient thermal investigation of a fully wet porous convective–radiative rough cylindrical pin fin

The microelectromechanical systems technologies frequently produce rough surfaces, and the repercussion of roughness on the thermal performance is more prominent in structures of smaller dimensions. In this regard, the present article intends to examine the unsteady thermal behavior of a fully wet, porous, and rough micropin-fin structure under convective–radiative conditions. Here, a pin fin of a cylindrical profile has been chosen. The problem is modeled by incorporating the roughness parameters in the perimeter and cross-sectional area of the pin fin. Further, the study of the porous structure has been carried out by implementing the Darcy model. The resulting partial differential equation is nonlinear and of the second order which has been solved by employing the finite difference method. The impact of the roughness parameter, wet porous parameter, dimensionless time, convective parameter, base radius-to-length ratio, radiative parameter, thermal conductivity parameter, power index, and ambient temperature on the thermal performance and efficiency of rough micropin-fin structures has been established graphically. According to the findings, for $0.15\%$ rise in roughness, the rough micropin fin has $12\%$ more thermal drop rate and $13\%$ less efficiency than the smooth one. Further, the work is beneficial in the field of microelectronics, especially in the design of micropin-fin structures.     

结霜工况下变片距空气冷却器性能仿真与试验

以结霜工况下的变片距空气冷却器为研究对象,对空气冷却器建立分布参数计算模型,采用分子扩散理论建立霜层的生长模型。在计算过程中,采用空气冷却器迎风面的霜层厚度平均值作为变量迭代求解空气冷却器的风量。研究了变翅片间距结构对空气冷却器结霜工况下性能的影响,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:空气冷却器的风量、换热量变化趋势的实验值和计算值基本一致,偏差在5%左右。与定翅片间距空气冷却器相比,变翅片间距空气冷却器在结霜工况下具有较长的除霜周期和更好的传热性能。     

High efficiency TiO2/MWCNT based anode electrodes for Li‐ion batteries

Freestanding multiwalled carbon nanotube and titanium (IV) oxide anode paper was prepared by vacuum filtration of multiwall carbon nanotubes/TiO₂ hybrid material, which was synthesized by the radio frequency magnetron sputtering techniques. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) form a three‐dimensional nanoporous network, in which ultrafine TiO₂ crystals that had crystallite sizes ranging between 7.14 nm and 12.21 nm were distributed homogenously over the surfaces of multiwalled CNT bundles. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the prepared powder by using 200 W radio frequency power had excellent cyclic retention, with the high specific capacity of 230 rnAh g^?l up to 50 cycles at a current density. Freestanding papers composed of multiwall carbon nanotubes could act as a flexible mechanical support for strain release offering an efficient electrically conducting channel ,whereas the TiO₂ provides the high capacity. The electrochemical response is maintained in the initial and further cycling process. Such capabilities demonstrate that this model hold great promise for applications requiring flexible and bendable Li‐ion batteries. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Heat transfer enhancement in annular fins using functionally graded material

This study presents a new approach on the heat transfer enhancement of annular fins with constant thickness using functionally graded materials. The thermal conductivity of the annular fin is assumed to be graded along the fin radius as a power‐law function. The resulting fin equation is solved by an approximate analytical method using the mean value theorem. The variable coefficients of second and third terms in the second‐order differential equation of the fin are replaced with their mean values along the fin radius. Several different graphs regarding the computed temperature profile, fin tip temperature, and fin efficiency are plotted with respect to the radii ratio thermo‐geometric parameter, and inhomogeneity parameter. It is demonstrated that the inhomogeneity parameter plays an important role on the heat transfer enhancement of the annular fin. However, for large radii ratios the effect of the inhomogeneity parameter decreases. Finally, it is stated that application of the functionally graded material in the annular fins, enhances the heat transfer rate between the fin and surrounding fluid resulting from the higher fin efficiency in comparison to the homogeneous annular fin. It is hoped that the results obtained from this study arouse interest among thermal designers and heat exchanger industries. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 42(7): 603–617, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.21053     

Numerical investigation for improved heat transfer characteristics in micro‐fin tubes

Generally, internal micro‐fin tubes are used for increasing the life and performance of electronic devices. The micro‐fins enhance the heat transfer rate by increasing the surface area with an increase of the pressure drop. In this study, heat transfer and pressure drop are analyzed by varying Reynolds number with the increase in the number of fins in tubes. Heat transfer and pressure drop, together with turbulence kinetic energy of micro‐fin tubes (helical and straight) and a smooth tube, have been evaluated for different Reynolds numbers (60 000, 40 000, 20 000, and 2000) at a constant temperature of 350 K, which clearly establishes laminar to turbulent flow. It is observed that the helical micro‐fin tube has a better result compared with the straight micro‐fin tube and smooth tube at Reynolds numbers 60 000, 40 000, and 20 000 at velocity 2, 1, and 0.5 m/s, respectively. This study is an attempt to establish a comparison of different micro‐fin geometries with varying Reynolds numbers, concluding that a high Reynolds number is suitable for the same.     

Analysis of a fully wetted moving fin with temperature‐dependent internal heat generation using the finite element method

The temperature field of a moving longitudinal porous fin with varying internal heat generation with respect to temperature has been studied under natural radiation and convection effects. The Darcy model was implemented for the analysis and the parameters, whose effect on the thermal process were grouped and nondimensionalized. By using the finite element method, the obtained highly nonlinear second order ordinary differential equations were numerically solved. The relevant parameters were studied by means of graphs and subsequently their importance in the rate of heat transfer was interpreted.     

Transient analysis of functionally graded material fin under the effect of Lorentz force using the integral transform method for improved electronic packaging

In the present work, transient analysis of longitudinal fin of functionally graded material under the influence of Lorentz force is considered. The governing equations of the linear, quadratic, and exponential functions are solved via Bessel, Legendre, and modified Bessel functions, respectively. The study investigates the effects of Lorentz force on the performance of the fin. The study shows that the transient response of the fin is lower in the linear law function compared with the exponential law function. The power law function shows significant energy‐saving capability than the linear class functionally graded material heatsink. Moreover, the thermal characteristic of the fin improves with an increase in the convective, radiative, magnetic field parameter, and nonhomogeneous index. The temperature prediction of the present study using the integral transform method is verified with the fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta method with an excellent agreement established.     

Unsteady squeezing flow of magnetic hybrid nanofluids within parallel plates and entropy generation

Nowadays, due to the novel thermal effectiveness, a new class of fluid, named “hybrid nanofluid,” is used. It has significant applications in domestic and industrial fields. In this study, we investigated the entropy generation and heat transfer of unsteady squeezing magnetic hybrid nanofluid flow between parallel plates by considering heat source/sink and thermal radiation. In this analysis, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (single‐walled carbon nanotube and multiwalled carbon nanotube) are considered as nanoparticles that are dispersed in water‐ethylene glycol (EG) mixtures (ie, 70%W + 30%EG and 50%W + 50%EG). For the analysis of the physical behavior of hybrid nanofluids, new models related to hybrid nanofluids are incorporated. From this study, it has been observed that as the hybrid nanofluids moved away from the surface, the entropy generation outlines accelerated with an increase in magnetic field values. Moreover, an increase in the volume fraction of CNTs, the thermal conductivity of 50%W + 50%EG + CNTs hybrid nanofluid is greater than 70%W + 30%EG + CNTs hybrid nanofluid.     

Heat transfer from a vertical fin array by laminar natural convection and radiation—A quasi‐3D approach

A quasi‐3D numerical model is developed to study the problem of laminar natural convection and radiation heat transfer from a vertical fin array. An enclosure is formed by two adjacent vertical fins and vertical base in the fin array. Results obtained from this enclosure are used to predict heat transfer rate from a vertical fin array. All the governing equations related to fluid in the enclosure, together with the heat conduction equation in both fins are solved by using the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method for getting the temperatures along the height of the fin and the temperature of the fluid in the enclosure. Separate analysis is carried out to calculate the heat transfer rates from the end fins in the fin array. A numerical study has been carried out for the effect of fin height, fin spacing, fin array base temperature, and fin emissivity on total heat transfer rates and effectiveness of the fin array. The numerical results obtained for an eight‐fin array show good agreement with the available experimental data. Results show that the fin spacing is the most significant parameter and there exists an optimum value for the fin spacing for which the heat transfer rate from the fin array is maximum. Correlations are presented for predicting the total heat transfer rate, average Nusselt number, and effectiveness of the fin array. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20360