Accordion microwave oven for uniformity and efficiency heating

Conventional microwave oven heating has the problem of poor heating uniformity and low heating efficiency. A novel microwave oven heating model has been proposed for improving heating uniformity by making the electric field in the microwave oven drastically change by changing the geometry of the microwave oven during the heating process. The transformation optics method is used to solve the computational difficulties caused by the continuous change of the mesh during the motion. Finally, the experiment verified the correctness of the simulation. In addition, important factors affecting heating efficiency were discussed.     

米糠微波加热法的应用及其自动控制系统设计

在对米糠保鲜的新型方法--微波加热技术研究的基础上,本文介绍了一种用单片机控制的微波加热温度控制系统。采用增量式PID算法处理微波加热的温度,该系统方便、高效、温度分布均匀,从而实现米糠保鲜的要求。     

基于一致性理论的多源微波加热温度均匀性优化

在使用多微波源阵列进行空间功率合成的微波应用装置时,如何协同多微波源馈入功率的状态信息以利用温度分布的自组织特性优化温度均匀性是研究的重点.为此,一方面,提出微波源构成智能体的必要要素,并构建技术方案.在此基础上,引入基于代数图论的二阶非全连接通信拓扑一致性算法协同多微波源的功率馈入状态信息,保证在利用自组织特性优化温度分布的过程中不会有新的热点产生;另一方面,使用有限元方法,构建解决整型变量和连续型变量混合优化的数值计算模型,开展优化温度场分布均匀性的有效计算.最后通过仿真实验验证微波源智能体化方案的有效性,数值计算结果表明:所提模型较通用加热模型在各水平和铅垂截面能够分别提升24.3%～55.5%和20.4%～82.9%的均匀性;同时能提升10.0%～43.7%的热能转化效率.以上结果验证了所提基于一致性理论的多源微波加热温度均匀性优化方法是可行且高效的.     

Characteristics of heating process in microwave applicators with elements in periodic motion

Moving elements have been widely used in microwave applicators to improve heating uniformity. However, elements in periodic motion can lead to temperature oscillations in the process of heating. In this case, the processed samples are difficult to reach target temperature and the control system may also become unstable. Aiming at overcoming these problems, we investigate the temperature response of the heating process in microwave applicators with elements in periodical motion in this article. By modeling periodical motion as a periodical heat source, the temperature characteristics can be obtained by solving the heat transfer equation with eigenfunction expansions. The results show that the amplitude of temperature oscillations decreases with angular velocity of the element's motion, which is verified by experiments. It means that temperature oscillations can be reduced by increasing the element's velocity, which is helpful to improve the heating performance in microwave applicators.     

微波处理油田采出水的研究

通过试验研究和分析微波对油田采出水中含油率和聚合物的降解作用,主要探讨水浴加热、微波功率、反映时间等参数与含油率、聚合物的含量关系,总结出各参数对除油率的影响规律和聚合物的降解规律。结果表明：微波对油田采出水具有良好的处理效果,当微波功率为800W,加热时间为70s时,处理效果最好;功率和加热时间的增大对聚合物都有降解趋势,聚合物的降解能够加快油田采出水的除油率。     

基于光子技术的微波频率测量研究进展

微波频率测量及分析在军用、民用领域中有着重要战略地位和重大需求,并随着通信、雷达、电子对抗中工作频率的不断攀升而面临着前所未有的挑战。近年来以微波光子学为基础的光子型微波频率测量技术应运而生,因其在瞬时带宽、抗电磁干扰方面有着显著优势,得到了长足发展,并具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。针对目前主要研究的光子型微波频率测量方案,如微波光子扫频方案、频率 幅度映射方案、频率 空间映射方案、频率 时间映射方案、光子压缩感知方案、以及数字化测频方案等,介绍了其基本原理及实验方案,并对各种方案的研究现状与进展进行了梳理、分析和总结。最后,对光子型微波频率测量的趋势和前景进行了简要探讨和展望。     

微波加热钛精矿试验建模及温度控制器设计

微波加热物料是一个复杂的过程。在加热的过程中,物料温度会受到介质物理参量的温变等因素的影响。通过开展微波加热钛精矿试验,获取试验数据,并得到飞升曲线;结合Cohn Coon公式和温控对象的特点,建立微波加热钛精矿的对象模型。在此模型的基础上,分别采用经典PID和Smith预估两种控制策略,对微波加热过程中的温度进行控制;利用Matlab环境下的Simulink工具,对两种控制过程进行仿真分析研究,并对其结果进行比较分析。分析结果表明,经典PID策略有明显局限。它对具有大时滞、非线性、时变性,以及不确定性等复杂性特征的系统(微波加热等)的控制效果不理想。而采用具有鲁棒性的Smith预估策略,能够极大程度地减小微波加热过程中的超调量,使控制性能得到提升。     

基于一致性算法的多模式搅拌器微波加热系统温度均匀性优化

微波加热的内部传热方式及热点的随机分布特性导致采用常规测量方法难以获得温度的准确信息,在改进机械设计的研究中,螺旋辐射单模式搅拌器微波加热系统能够改善温度分布的均匀性.在单模式搅拌器的基础上,进一步探索具有多个模式搅拌器的微波加热系统的温度均匀性及其计算问题;同时,由于微波加热过程中多物理场的深度耦合及边界条件的时变特性,如何协同模式搅拌器的状态特征与有效计算温度场,开展温度均匀性的优化处理成为关注的重点.为此,应用一致性算法表达模式搅拌器的状态信息,对温度场分布的均匀性进行优化计算.一方面通过一致性算法将加热空间电磁场边界条件的时变性用编队队形表征,组合模式搅拌器的位置状态信息表达编队队形的变换;另一方面由整型变量与连续型变量混合的优化问题构建温度有限元模型,并对温度场的均匀分布优化解开展有效计算.数值计算结果验证了所提出一致性算法及其计算方法对微波加热温度均匀性的优化是可行和高效的.     

非降水条件下微波辐射计海面风遥感产品性能分析

通过对5种微波辐射计SSM/I、SSM/IS、TMI、AMSR\|E和WINDSAT以及2种微波散射计ASCAT和QUIKSCAT多年的海面风产品同浮标同步的实测资料进行数据匹配处理,再对匹配后的数据进行数据分析和统计。研究结果表明:微波辐射计遥感海面风的性能在1 m/s左右,可以满足绝大多数应用的需求。微波辐射计的低频海面风产品性能优于中频产品,但是中频数据地面分辨率高,建议在近海应用中使用中频产品,在大洋应用中使用低频产品。就不同微波辐射计而言,AMSR\|E和WINDSAT性能较优,SSM/I和SSM/IS性能较差,TMI则处于中等水平。微波辐射计测量风速的性能与微波散射计相比处于同一水平,但在高风速段微波辐射计有一定优势。微波辐射计中仅全极化微波辐射计WINDSAT具有测量海面风向的能力,在低风速段,WINDSAT测量海面风向的性能远远不及微波散射计,只有风速超过6 m/s时,WINDSAT提供的海面风向数据才能符合应用的需求。当风速超过8 m/s后,WINDSAT遥感海面风向的能力就和微波散射计基本一致。在此基础上,提出了强风条件下深入研究的必要性,并对浮标测风存在的问题做出了初步的分析并指出了改进的方向。
     

高频感应加热在塑料造粒机上的节能应用

本文所介绍的高频感应加热装置主要用于塑料制造业。在成熟的”交-直-交”变频技术基础上,结合工业自动化仪表与控制技术以及优化PID算法,实现了变电感量和变风量、谐波抑制、电磁屏蔽、循环水均匀冷却自动控制等技术目标。该装置采用了独特的工艺设计,安装精准稳定,确保了设备和生产的安全、稳定、环保、节能,满足了塑料加工生产线节能减排及环保的要求。     

FBG温度传感器在微波场的应用

微波作为一种新型热源已被广泛用于化学研究、食品加工、医疗仪器以及材料热处理等行业中,发展极为迅速。在这些应用中,温度显然是个重要的参数,但处于强电磁场的环境下,在微波场中温度的测量依然是一个技术难题。阐述了光纤光栅温度传感器的原理,以及分析了光纤光栅温度传感器在微波场中测温的前景及应用。     

Biogas recovery from microwave heated sludge by anaerobic digestion

Biogas generated from sewage sludge,livestock waste,and food waste by anaerobic digestion is a valuable renewable energy resource.However,conventional anaerobic digestion is not an efficient process.A long hydraulic retention time and low biogas recovery rate hinder the applications of those resources.An effective pretreatment method to destroy sludge microbial cells has been one of the major concerns regarding improvement of the biogas production.This article focuses on the effects of microwave heating on ...     

星载微波成像仪接收通道的仿真研究

星载微波成像仪接收通道即微波辐射计,是星载微波成像仪的核心部分。对其进行仿真研究的关键和基础是信号处理方法。给出了接收通道各环节的数学模型;采用快速离散富里叶变换处理信号;分析并缓解了由于离散富里叶变换带来的频率分辨率与样本点数之间的矛盾;以全功率微波辐射计为例进行了仿真研究并给出了结果。为进一步实现系统仿真调试和环境仿真调试奠定了基础,并为其它类型微波辐射计的仿真研究提供了借鉴。     

西门子Saphir控制器在换热站控制系统中的应用

在换热站系统中利用Saphir控制器来调节变频器的频率,实现变频调速。该控制器通过Modbus—RTU通讯协议与Proface触摸屏通讯,实现智能在线实时监测和控制。该方案提高了供热系统的稳定性、安全性和可靠性,改善了控制精度,有利于热网的统一调配及实现水力、热力工况平衡,减少了设备投资,有助于系统扩展和节能,对于今后换热站控制系统的设计和构建具有一定的参考价值。     

基于自适应控制的电磁加热系统

针对目前市场上的农用薄膜机组,研制数字化频率跟踪电磁加热系统,改变传统的铸铝片加热方式为电磁感应的内部加热方式,大大地节约了电能,缩短了生产周期.由于加热过程的大时滞、难以建立数学模型等特性造成电磁加热过程机组温度控制困难,提出一种带有可调整参数的自适应控制方法,应用内模原理进行参数整定,克服原自适应算法的不足并给出了...     

基于空间基函数优化组合的微波加热温度分布数值求解

针对微波加热是一个多物理场各自演变及相互耦合的过程,无法直接求得媒质温度分布偏微分方程(PDE)解析解的问题,本文提出一种快速及准确求解微波加热温度分布的新方法.首先,本文在无限维PDE降维到有限维ODE温度模型的基础上,分析了ODE温度模型阶次选择与温度分布求解精度量化关系.其次,通过自适应变异粒子群算法(AMPSO)优化误差函数近似得到最优的空间基函数转换矩阵,利用该矩阵将空间基函数进行线性优化组合,进一步降低ODE模型阶数,进而使得在一定误差范围内可以更快速的求解微波加热过程中媒质的温度分布.再次,通过数值仿真实验证明,温度分布求解误差主要产生于模型阶次的选择,且优化后的低维ODE模型的温度分布精度相对误差控制在1.64%以内,求解速度提升72.2%.最后,使用多物理场耦合有限元方法求解微波加热PDE温度模型,进一步验证了优化后的低维ODE温度模型的准确性,充分验证了本文方法的有效性.     

锅炉智能吹灰优化系统的优化实施

电站燃煤锅炉受热面污染严重且吹灰不科学的现象普遍存在,极大地影响着锅炉的安全性、经济性和运行的高效性。智能吹灰系统实现了锅炉各受热面积灰程度的实时在线监测和量化处理,对吹灰过程进行智能优化指导,在受热面换热特性得到保证的情况下,最大限度降低吹灰频率,达到节能降耗、提高机组运行经济性和安全性。     

Retrieving near-surface soil moisture from microwave radiometric observations: current status and future plans

Surface soil moisture is a key variable used to describe water and energy exchanges at the land surface/atmosphere interface. Passive microwave remotely sensed data have great potential for providing estimates of soil moisture with good temporal repetition on a daily basis and on a regional scale (∼10 km). However, the effects of vegetation cover, soil temperature, snow cover, topography, and soil surface roughness also play a significant role in the microwave emission from the surface. Different soil moisture retrieval approaches have been developed to account for the various parameters contributing to the surface microwave emission. Four main types of algorithms can be roughly distinguished depending on the way vegetation and temperature effects are accounted for. These algorithms are based on (i) land cover classification maps, (ii) ancillary remote sensing indexes, and (iii) two-parameter or (iv) three-parameter retrievals (in this case, soil moisture, vegetation optical depth, and effective surface temperature are retrieved simultaneously from the microwave observations). Methods (iii) and (iv) are based on multiconfiguration observations, in terms of frequency, polarization, or view angle. They appear to be very promising as very few ancillary information are required in the retrieval process. This paper reviews these various methods for retrieving surface soil moisture from microwave radiometric systems. The discussion highlights key issues that will have to be addressed in the near future to secure operational use of the proposed retrieval approaches.     

Experimental insight into the temperature effects on DC and microwave characteristics for a GaAs pHEMT in multilayer 3‐D MMIC technology

This paper is focused on studying the behavior of a GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (pHEMT) with respect to the temperature. The tested pHEMT is realized using the multilayer three‐dimensional (3‐D) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology. The analysis is based on temperature‐dependent on‐wafer measurements carried out from 298 K to 373 K. The experiments consist of DC characteristics and scattering parameters in the broad frequency range from 45 MHz to 40 GHz. The effect of the temperature on the measured transistor performance is analyzed in detail and then, to gain a better insight and understanding of the device behavior, the achieved measurements are used for extraction and validation of a small‐signal equivalent‐circuit model for different temperature conditions. This study shows that, by heating the studied device, the observed performance variations depend remarkably on the selected bias condition. In particular, the output current and transconductance are degraded at higher gate‐source voltage and improved as the transistor is driven towards the pinch‐off. This is due to the counterbalancing of temperature‐dependent effects contributing in opposite ways to the resultant behavior of the transistor. Therefore, depending on the given application, an appropriate selection of the bias and temperature conditions is essential to guarantee adequate transistor performance.     

Abnormal absorption of subcritical water posts in microwave heating

Subcritical water has been widely used as the solvent in microwave‐assisted extractions, but the interaction between microwaves and subcritical water has been not yet fully understood. In this article, we find that there exists abnormal absorption of subcritical water posts in microwave heating at some temperatures with low loss factors. By calculating the absorbed power of a subcritical water post under exposure plane waves, the water post can still absorb microwave energies well at some temperatures even with low loss factors. It is different from the traditional view that materials can absorb little microwave power with low loss factors. By analyzing the characteristic equation, we show that the abnormal absorption is caused by dielectric resonance. This abnormal phenomenon can also be observed in applications with microwave cavities. It indicates that even with low loss factors, materials can be possibly heated by microwaves with good efficiency.