铝含量对粉末冶金制备镁铝锆合金组织和力学性能的影响

运用粉末冶金工艺制备了Mg-xAl-1.5Zr(x=0,2,4,6,8,质量分数/%)合金,研究了铝含量对其组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:镁铝锆合金主要由α-Mg基体、锆颗粒、β-Mg17Al12相组成,还存在一些微小的孔洞;铝含量的增加使合金组织趋于均匀化;Mg-6Al-1.5Zr合金具有最高的硬度和抗弯强度,分别为79.7HV和224MPa,但其塑性较差,断口呈准解理断裂的特征。     

电极形状对铝-钢点焊接头组织及力学性能的影响*

研究6061-T6铝合金-SUS301L不锈钢异种金属电阻点焊接头的微观组织特点及电极形状的影响规律。结果表明,铝-钢点焊接头具有熔-钎焊特征,铝合金熔核由α-Al胞状晶、胞状树枝晶和树枝晶组成,铝/钢界面层具有双层结构,靠近铝熔核侧主要为细针状Fe₄Al₁₃,靠近不锈钢侧主要为Fe₂Al₅金属间化合物,接头主要为界面断裂模式,铝/钢界面是点焊接头最薄弱的区域。电极形状对铝合金-不锈钢点焊接头具有明显的影响。获得的优化电极形状为：不锈钢侧为圆形平面电极,电极端面直径为10 mm;铝合金侧为球面电极,球面半径为35 mm。在优化电极条件下,铝合金-不锈钢点焊接头的熔核直径、拉剪力及压痕率分别为7.5 mm、4.7 kN和13.5%。与采用F型电极相比,其熔核直径和拉剪力分别提高53.1%和56.7%,压痕率降低47.3%。因此,采用优化电极更有利于改善铝合金-不锈钢电阻点焊接头的力学性能及表面质量。     

T4热处理对不同钕含量AM60镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

用真空电阻炉、在氩气保护下制备了不同钕含量的AM60合金,用箱式电阻炉对其进行了T4热处理;研究了两种状态合金显微组织和力学性能随钕元素含量的变化规律.结果表明:铸态合金的显微组织均主要由α-Mg基体相、β-Mg17 Al12相和Al11 Nd3相组成;T4热处理后,β-Mg17Al12相溶解到α-Mg基体相中,合金晶...     

AZ31/7005异种材料填丝GTAW接头组织分析

为获得良好的镁铝异种金属焊接接头,采用钨极氩弧焊填加镁铝合金焊丝ER5183、ER5356的方法进行焊接,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜对两种焊接接头的微观组织对比分析,利用电子探针、能谱仪研究接头的元素分布,利用显微硬度计对两种焊接接头的显微硬度对比分析。结果表明,采用ER5183、ER5356镁铝合金焊丝,接头未形成连续片状金属间化合物层,能够形成良好的焊接接头;采用ER5183焊丝获得焊缝比采用ER5356组织更为致密,脆硬的Mg-Al金属间化合物少;两种焊接接头镁侧熔合区主要组织为α-Mg固溶体+γ-Al12Mg17的共晶组织和晶界析出相γ-Al12Mg17组织;镁侧焊缝区主要为α-Mg固溶体+γ-Al12Mg17的固溶体组织。焊接接头以Mg、Al元素为主,在镁侧熔合区,Mg、Al质量分数保持稳定,镁侧焊缝区,Mg质量分数逐渐降低,Al质量分数逐渐升高,到铝侧焊缝区达到稳定值。适当控制焊丝中Mg的质量分数,使金属间化合物弥散分布,能够改善AZ31镁合金和7005铝合金的焊接性。     

钕变质处理对Mg-8Al合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响

在Mg-8Al合金中加入不同含量(质量分数0~0.8%)的稀土钕对其进行变质处理,研究了钕变质处理对合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:钕的加入改变了合金中初晶α-Mg的形态,使α-Mg树枝晶分支发达,但细化晶粒的效果不明显;加入钕变质前,合金的共晶组织为部分离异共晶,加入钕后的共晶组织为完全离异共晶,共晶组织由未变质时的连续网状分布变为断续分布;当加入钕的质量分数为0.4%时,合金的室温拉伸性能最佳,抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别较变质前提高了24%,11%和61%,此时的组织中开始有少量板条状稀土相Al11Nd3析出。     

Mg74Zn25Y1三元合金中的准晶相

旨在研究高镁、低锌和低钇合金中准晶的形成和分布,降低材料的密度,研究制备准晶增强自生复合材料的可行性。用金相显微镜和SEM分析低Zn和低Y含量下,Mg74Zn25Y1合金普通凝固组织;EDS分析合金和凝固组织中各相的成分;XRD分析凝固组织的相组成;TEM确定准晶的结构。研究结果表明,Mg74Zn25Y1合金的凝固组织为?-Mg+MgZn+Zn60Mg30Y10。其中,Zn60Mg30Y10准晶为五次对称的20面体结构,微观形貌呈现出完整五瓣花瓣和没有完全长大的五边形。准晶晶粒尺寸小于50 ?m。     

2A02铝合金棒材粗晶环对航空发动机叶片的影响

2A02铝合金是制备航空发动机压气机叶片的重要材料,该合金棒材存在一种铝合金棒材特有的组织缺陷——粗晶环,对棒材的力学性能有不利影响。文章针对2A02铝合金棒材的粗晶环形成机制、影响因素、控制措施以及粗晶环对铝叶片的影响进行研究。研究表明：2A02铝合金棒材的粗晶环深度是固定不变的,但热处理保温时间将影响粗晶环显示的深度;粗晶环深度在棒材长度方向上是不均匀分布的,可导致棒材的粗晶环遗传至铝叶片锻件表面;铝叶片表面的局部粗晶将导致铝叶片的力学性能降低。     

双辊连铸AZ61镁合金薄带坯的工艺与显微组织

采用规格为φ250 mm x 150 mm的立式双辊连铸系统制备了3～4 mm厚、150 mm宽的AZ61镁合金薄带坯;研究了水口形状和浇铸温度等连铸工艺参数对薄带坯显微组织和表面质量的影响.结果表明:采用B型水口制备的AZ61薄带坯的表面裂纹较少,表面质量较好;随着浇铸温度的降低,薄带坯表面裂纹数量增多,AZ61薄带坯的组织由先析α-Mg和过饱和α-Mg基体组成;当浇铸温度为630℃时,薄带坯的组织细小均匀;当浇铸温度介于固相线和液相线之间时,薄带坯组织中存在局部粗大的α-Mg树枝状晶.     

Al-5Ti-1B细化剂添加量对含铈铸造铝合金组织和拉伸性能的影响

在添加质量分数0.1%铈的基础上,对比研究Al-5Ti-1B细化剂质量分数(00.4%)对A356铸造铝合金组织及拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:随着Al-5Ti-1B细化剂含量的增加,α-Al树枝晶的平均二次枝晶间距先降后增,当细化剂的质量分数为0.2%时,平均二次枝晶间距最小,为37.3μm;添加适量细化剂能促使共晶硅由狭长纤维状向粗短棒状的转变,从而降低共晶硅的等效直径和长宽比,过量细化剂则会引起共晶硅的尖锐化;添加细化剂后,铝合金的抗拉强度和断后伸长率均提高,且随着细化剂含量的增加呈先增后降的趋势;添加质量分数0.2%细化剂时铝合金的综合变质效果最佳,此时铝合金的拉伸性能最佳,抗拉强度和断后伸长率较未添加细化剂时的分别提高了20.7%和66.7%。     

铝-镁-硅架空导线的生产控制

铝-镁-硅合金是一种可形变热处理铝合金,具有较高的强度与导电性能,被广泛用于制造铝合金架空导线。现针对一种6201铝-镁-硅合金线导线的制备工艺进行分析,铝-镁-硅合金杆强度大、拉拔困难,人工时效后强度更大,要满足ASTM B 399/B399M-04标准的要求,必须在拉拔、人工时效和导体绞合等方面做好生产控制,才能满足出口及标准的要求。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.