酸性膦酸酯钕盐催化聚合丁二烯的研究

以酸性膦酸酯（Ｐ５０７）钕盐（Ｎｄ）、Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）３（Ａｌ）和Ａｌ２Ｅｔ３Ｃｌ３（Ｃｌ）为催化体系，已烷为溶剂，进行丁二烯（Ｂｄ）溶液聚合。催化剂采用Ａｌ＋Ｎｄ＋Ｃｌ的加料方式，Ａｌ／Ｎｄ＝２０（摩尔比，下同），Ｃｌ／Ｎｄ＝３．０，室温下陈化２ｈ以上，于５０℃恒温水溶中聚合５ｈ，可得到顺式－１，４含量高于９７％，［η］大于９．０ｄＬ／ｇ的聚合物。同时证明，在相同的催化剂组分配比及聚合条件下，该     

苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯橡胶接枝苯乙烯聚合动力学

以自制的4种苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯橡胶(SIBR)为增韧组分,采用本体聚合工艺,以过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂进行苯乙烯接枝聚合以制备高抗冲聚苯乙烯,考察了用量、相对分子质量及分子链结构不同的SIBR对苯乙烯聚合速率的影响,并比较了用不同橡胶改性聚苯乙烯时的聚合动力学行为。结果表明,SIBR的用量越大聚合速率越小,相对分子质量越大则聚合速率越大;按SIBR分子链序列结构的不同聚合速率还呈现出从大到小依次为线型嵌段SIBR、线型无规SIBR、星形嵌段SIBR及星形无规SIBR的规律。用不同橡胶增韧聚苯乙烯时的聚合速率从大到小依次为SIBR、丁苯橡胶及顺丁橡胶。苯乙烯的表观接枝率随着SIBR用量或其相对分子质量的增大而减小,且远大于使用顺丁橡胶。     

稀土催化苯乙烯本体聚合机理与动力学

The bulk polymerization of styrene catalyzed by Nd(P204)3/MgBu2/HMPA (hexamethyl phospho-ramide) was carried out in capped glass tubes. The effects of reaction conditions on polymerization conversion and molecular weight in the range of high conversion were investigated. The molecular weight of the resultant polymers is dramatically high and its distribution is relatively narrow. The polymerization process demonstrates the feature of living polymerization and auto-acceleration phenomenon. The auto-acceleration phenomenon is attributed to the non-instantaneous formation of the active species. The experimental data suggest that chain transfer to MgBu2 is one of the factors governing the molecular weight development. A mechanism of polymerization is presented with the chain transfer process incorporated.     

高抗冲聚苯乙烯替代丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯的研究

采用不同含量的增韧剂对高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)材料进行改性,考察了改性后复合材料的性能变化及与丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)材料的对比情况.研究表明:在一定的配方中,HIPS改性复合材料的流动性、韧性和耐候性均优于ABS材料的,对于部分领域的材料替代有较大实际意义.     

稀土钕催化剂上丁二烯气相聚合过程研究

在２升的卧式双轴自清洁型搅拌床反应器对负载型稀土催化剂催化的丁二烯气相聚合过程进行了实验研究。考察反应温度和压力等因素对聚合速率和分子量及其分布的影响。确定了合适的反应条件并获得了有关的动力学参数。     

炭黑增强高抗冲聚苯乙烯/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯/丁苯橡胶热塑性硫化胶的形态演变

采用动态硫化法制备了炭黑增强高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)/丁苯橡胶(SBR)热塑性硫化胶(TPV),考察了炭黑填充量对其力学性能的影响,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)观察了动态硫化过程中橡胶相的形态演变。结果表明,在TPV的分散相SBR中填充炭黑,可使TPV的力学性能获显著改善;随着动态硫化的进行,橡胶相在交联的同时逐渐被撕碎为分散相,在动态硫化至8 min时橡胶相呈稳定的类球状形貌,其粒径为3~6 μm,且表面呈现出纳米乱片层状结构。     

用Co系Ziegler-Natta催化剂催化丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚合 Ⅱ.溶剂对聚合的影响及竞聚率测定

以Co(naph)_2-Al_2Et_3Cl_3为催化剂,研究了丁二烯-苯乙烯(Bd-St)共聚合中三种聚合溶剂的影响。实验发现,单用环己烷和抽余油配制陈化液并作聚合溶剂,先聚合物形成;如以少量甲苯配制陈化液,再以环己烷或抽余油作聚合溶剂,催化活性不高;只有当陈化和聚合均在甲苯中进行时,催化剂才能获得高活性。实验还测定了Bd/St(mol比)<1、聚合物收率<10％时共聚物的组成,用YBR法求得20℃时Bd和St的竞聚率分别为6.13和0.13。     

An activated neodymium‐based catalyst for styrene polymerization

Coordination polymerization of styrene with a ternary catalyst system composed of catalyst neodymium tricarboxylate (Nd), co‐catalyst Al(i‐Bu)₃ (Al) and chlorinating agent trichloroethane (Cl) was carried out in cyclohexane. The effects of the catalyst system preparation procedure and of the reaction conditions on catalytic activity, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the resultant polymers were investigated. The catalytic activity depended mainly on the molar ratios of Al/Nd and of Cl/Nd and on the ageing temperature and polymerization temperature. High polymerization conversion and high catalytic activity could be obtained at high Al/Nd ratios and/or at high ageing temperature. The catalyst system exhibited high activity of 8.32 × 10⁴ g polystyrene (mol Nd h)^?1 at 50 °C. The molecular weight of the polymers obtained reached high weight‐average (M_w) values (M_w = 4.35 × 10⁵ g mol^?1) when Al/Nd = 8, but relatively low values (6000–11 000 g mol^?1) at high Al/Nd ratios. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Polymerization of butadiene and copolymerization of butadiene with styrene using neodymium amide catalysts

The polymerization of butadiene was performed with catalysts based on the complex Nd{N(SiMe₃)₂}₃ (1). This amide complex in combination with methyaluminoxane or with a boron compound ([HNMe₂Ph][B(C₆F₅)₄], [CPh₃][B(C₆F₅)₄] or B(C₆F₅)₃) and Al(iBu)₃ showed high activity and stereospecificity in polymerization of butadiene. The cationic complex [Nd{N(SiMe₃)₂}₂(THF)₂][B(C₆F₅)₄] (2) was prepared by reaction of 1 and [HNMe₂Ph][B(C₆F₅)₄]. The catalyst 2/Al(iBu)₃ (ratio Al/Nd: 10/1) was highly active for butadiene polymerization. Copolymerization of butadiene and styrene was performed with the catalytic system Nd{N(SiMe₃)₂}₃/[HNMe₂Ph][B(C₆F₅)₄]/Al(iBu)₃ (3). Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

负离子溶液聚合法高苯乙烯橡胶的合成及其性能

以环己烷为溶剂、苯乙烯和丁二烯为单体、n-BuLi为引发剂、二乙二醇二甲醚(2 G)为结构调节剂,通过活性负离子溶液聚合合成了高苯乙烯橡胶,研究了引发剂种类、聚合温度、2 G/n-BuLi(摩尔比)、苯乙烯/丁二烯(质量比)、相对分子质量及其分布对共聚橡胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,当苯乙烯/丁二烯为60/40、2 G/n-BuLi为1.0时,在(65±2)℃下可聚合得到力学性能较好的高苯乙烯橡胶,其数均分子量为15×104~20×104、分子量分布为1.40左右。     

Monte Carlo模拟在丁二烯/苯乙烯乳液聚合中的应用研究

以概率论中的大数法则和中心极限定理为基础,通过对成核阶段条件的简化,建立了丁二烯/苯乙烯乳液聚合成核阶段的Monte Carlo模型,模拟考察了乳化剂、引发剂浓度对丁苯乳液聚合反应速率的影响,对丁苯乳聚成核阶段模拟结果进行回归表明,乳胶粒数目N p与乳化剂浓度[S]和引发剂浓度[I]的关系为：N p=k[S]0.606 2[I]0.405 5,与Smith-Ewart经典理论相吻合。改善乳液聚合生成的乳胶粒径分布以及乳胶粒数目是提高乳液聚合中单体转化率最为有效的方法。模拟计算结果表明,将单体转化率从62%提高到70%,引发剂浓度的增加量应在12.90%~34.89%（摩尔分数）之间,乳化剂浓度的增加量应在12.6%~22.16%（摩尔分数）之间。与实验结果进行对比,数据吻合,验证了模拟计算的可靠性和有效性。     

补加乳化剂提高丁二烯/苯乙烯的聚合速率

以丁二烯/苯乙烯乳液聚合反应10h、转化率达到70%为研究目标,在分析了标准配方条件下提高转化率对反应时间影响的基础上,考察了补加乳化剂对反应后期聚合速率及胶乳黏度、粒径和机械稳定性的影响,与采用增加初始乳化剂法进行了对比,并探讨了补加乳化剂提高反应后期聚合速率的作用机理。结果表明,增加初始乳化剂用量可以显著提高聚合速率,但胶乳黏度明显增大,且机械稳定性降低;补加乳化剂有利于提高反应后期的聚合速率和胶乳的机械稳定性;乳化剂补加量越大,反应后期的聚合速率越快;当乳化剂补加量相同时,在反应时间为2～4h,补加时机越早,反应后期聚合速率越快;补加乳化剂的最佳工艺条件为:乳化剂初始量100%,补加量10%,补加时机为反应2h。     

超声波对丁二烯／苯乙烯共聚的影响

研究了超声波辐照对n-BuLi／2G／加氢汽油／丁二烯阴离子聚合的影响。实验表明,与无超声波辐照相比,较低温度下转化率降低,1H-NMR谱图表明,2G提高产物1,2含量的作用有所降低,共聚物接合苯乙烯,1,2PB含量降低,在2G／Li+=0．8时,cis／trans比例发生逆转,由顺式含量较高变为反式含量较高。     

用新型稀土催化剂催化苯乙烯与异戊二烯共聚合

研究了以亚磷酸二异辛酯为配体的氯化稀土配合物(简称Nd)与三异丁基铝(简称Al)组成的二元稀土催化体系催化苯乙烯与异戊二烯的共聚行为,考察了Al与Nd的摩尔比、聚合温度、单体配比等对共聚行为及共聚物组成和链结构的影响。结果表明,该催化体系能够实现异戊二烯的均聚,但不能催化苯乙烯均聚,而催化二者共聚的活性取决于单体配比且低于异戊二烯的均聚。所得产物为无规共聚物,其中异戊二烯链节以顺式-1,4-结构为主(95%～96%),含少量3,4-结构,几乎不含反式-1,4-结构;共聚物中的结合苯乙烯量随Al与Nd的摩尔比、聚合温度及单体配比中苯乙烯量的增加而增大。苯乙烯以孤立单元形式嵌入在异戊二烯链节之间,因此所得共聚物为"准"无规共聚物;共聚物的重均分子量最高可达19.3×105,分子量分布随着共聚物中结合苯乙烯量的增加而变宽,甚至出现双峰分布。     

Novel monotitanocene and methylaluminoxane catalyst for syndiospecific polymerization of styrene

Syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) was synthesized with a novel monotitanocene complex of η⁵‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyltri‐4‐methoxyphenoxy titanium [Cp*Ti(OC₆H₄OCH₃)₃] activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO) in different polymerization media, including heptane, toluene, chlorobenzene, and neat styrene. In all cases bulk polymerization produced sPS with the highest activity and molecular weight. Solution polymerization produced much better activity in heptane than in the other solvents. Using a solvent with a higher dipole moment, such as chlorobenzene resulted in lower activity and syndiotacticity because of the stronger coordination of solvent with the Ti(III) active species, which controlled syndiospecific polymerization of styrene. With bulk polymerization at a higher polymerization temperature the Cp*Ti(OC₆H₄OCH₃)₃–MAO catalyst produced sPS with high catalytic activity and molecular weight. The external addition of triisobutylaluminum (TIBA) to the Cp*Ti(OC₆H₄OCH₃)₃–MAO system catalyzing styrene polymerization led to significant improvement of activity at a lower Al:Ti molar ratio, while the syndiotacticity and molecular weight of the yields were little affected. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1243–1248, 2001     

溶液丁苯连续聚合凝胶抑制技术进展

介绍了溶液丁苯连续聚合过程中凝胶形成的原因,综述了国外对抑制凝胶形成的技术进展。提出了我国发展溶液丁苯连续聚合抑凝技术的一些建议,并简介了目前在这方面的研究情况     

磷酸三丁酯对钼催化体系聚合丁二烯的影响

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)改性MOCl5(简称MoTBP)为主催化剂,Al(OPhCH3)(i-Bu)2(简称Al)为助催化剂催化聚合丁二烯(Bd),通过紫外可见光谱对MoTBP的催化行为进行了表征,探讨了TBP用量对Bd聚合反应的影响,研究了适宜的聚合条件,并与辛醇取代MoCl5,[MoCl3,(OC8H17)2]催化体系进行了比较.结果表明,经TBP改性MoCl5,催化活性明显提高,TBP与MoCl5最佳摩尔比为2.0;最佳聚合条件:AL/MoTBP(摩尔比)为20,MoTBP/Bd(摩尔比)为(1.0～3.0)×10-4,Bd质量浓度为0.14 g/mL,聚合温度为60℃,聚合时间为6 h;与MOCl3(OC8H17)2体系相比,MoTBP体系催化聚合所得1,2-聚丁二烯的相对分子质量减小,相对分子质量分布加宽,1,2-结构摩尔分数为85.7%左右,其中以全同立构体(摩尔分数为53.25%)为主,且含有质量分数小于0.32%的凝胶.