室温制备纳米银醇溶胶

在室温下制备了分散性好、稳定性好、粒径分布均匀的高浓度纳米银醇溶胶。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)对产物的形貌和光学性能进行表征。结果表明,所制备的纳米银为分散均匀的球形粒子,平均粒径为4.8nm。在此反应过程中,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)既作保护剂又作还原剂,作为溶剂的乙醇有利于PVP分子链的舒展,增大了PVP分子与Ag+的接触几率,促进了还原反应的快速进行;另一方面,充分舒展的PVP分子能有效抑制银纳米粒子团聚。     

非水溶液体系中晶种法制备球形银纳米颗粒

以丙三醇作溶剂,硝酸银为原料,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,硼氢化钠为还原剂制备了银纳米晶种;以此银纳米粒子作为初级晶种,以丙三醇作溶剂和还原剂,通过升温提高丙三醇的还原性制备银纳米颗粒。研究分散剂种类、生长液银浓度、晶种加入量对银粉的影响,采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对制备产物的结构、物相、形貌进行表征。结果表明,通过改变条件可以制备出分散性良好、粒径均匀的70 nm左右的球形银粉。     

高稳定单分散胶态银纳米颗粒的制备研究

以柠檬酸钠和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)分别为稳定剂和分散剂,水合肼还原银氨络离子制备稳定的单分散胶态银纳米颗粒(AgNPs).利用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV - Vis)研究了银纳米颗粒的稳定性并对制备条件进行了优化,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对产物的晶体结构、形貌及尺寸进行了分析.结果表明:当银氨溶液/...     

鞣酸还原法制备多形态纳米银

鞣酸还原AgNO3,得到不同形貌的银纳米结构体。反应物滴加的先后顺序及表面活性剂PVP的加入与否对生成物形貌的影响最大。无表面活性剂PVP加入时,改变鞣酸及银氨配离子的滴加顺序分别生成六边形及少量线状纳米银,平均粒径为55nm。加入表面活性剂PVP,易于生长银纳米线。利用XRD、TEM、FT-IR对其进行性能表征。并对其多形貌产生的原因进行了初步探讨。     

高岭石层间原位合成纳米银及其表征

以高岭石-二甲基亚砜作为前驱体,PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)作分散剂,银氨络合物层间取代,以高岭石的层间作为反应器来控制银粒子的大小,制备出Ag/高岭石复合物.XRD表明,PVP对高岭石进行了表面改性,促进了纳米银粒子在层间的合成,出现明显的Ag的(111)、(200)、(220)、(311)4个衍射峰.根据小角度Ag的(001)衍射峰可知,高岭石层间距由0.716nm被扩大到4.53nm.TEM直观地表现了银在高岭石层间的形貌.     

晶种法制备单分散的金纳米粒子及光学性能研究

加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)做稳定化试剂,用硼氢化钾还原氯金酸,结合晶种生长法制备了单分散性、粒径小的胶体金。通过晶种生长法,在反应中加入PVP试剂,用抗坏血酸做还原剂,制备了单分散的金纳米棒。结果表明,PVP试剂对金纳米粒子的形貌有重要的影响;加入PVP试剂得到的金纳米粒子(胶体金和金纳米棒)分散性好,无明显的团聚现象。应用透射电镜,纳米粒度分析仪和紫外-可见分光光度计对不同粒径的纳米金进行了表征。     

不同形貌银纳米结构的制备及其光学性质

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为表面活性剂,利用乙二醇还原体系合成了具有不同形貌的银纳米结构,并详细分析了这些银纳米结构的形貌和结构特征。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱检测分析了不同形貌银纳米结构的光学性质;并从实验和理论上详细研究了单根银纳米线的光波导特征。实验表明,单根Ag纳米线是非常有效的波导腔,入射光可通过存在于Ag纳米线表面的表面等离激元辅助在纳米尺度上有效地输运到纳米线最末端而再发射。     

双还原剂法制备的三角形银纳米盘的吸收和发射光谱研究

在硼氢化钠和双氧水共存的体系中还原硝酸银,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为表面活性剂,在柠檬酸钠的作用下制成了平均边长39.4±7.4nm、平均厚度4.3±0.7nm的三角形银纳米盘,它在近红外区(≈750～1000nm)具有强烈的面内偶极共振吸收;研究了各反应试剂加入量改变的条件下产物的紫外-可见吸收光谱,探讨了反应的机理.结果表明:柠檬酸根在银晶核不同晶面上的择优吸附对三角盘的形状生成起决定作用,PVP通过包覆作用防止纳米粒子团聚.三维荧光光谱测试结果得出,三角形银纳米盘有2个中心激发波长262nm和352nm,在这2个波长的激发下均具有2个中心发射波长415nm和438nm,表现出与球形银纳米粒子完全不同的光致发光性质.     

Synthesis of Silver Nanoplates without Agitation andSurfactant

在液相体系中成功制备了单分散的银纳米片,反应过程中没有机械搅拌及使用任何表面活性剂,只用硝酸银和维生素C作为原料.相反,使用机械搅拌,获得的产物为银的纳米粒子团聚体.产物的形貌和相结构用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM0和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)进行了表征.讨论了可能的反应机理,有助于理解化学反应过程中的粒子团聚机理.     

球形SiO2表面Ag纳米粒子生长及其拉曼增强效应

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为还原剂和稳定剂制备SiO2/Ag纳米复合材料,分析银氨络离子的浓度对银纳米粒子的影响,采用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)对SiO2/Ag复合材料进行表征,并研究以SiO2/Ag为基底的表面拉曼散射增强。结果表明,银纳米颗粒以多晶形式沉积在球形二氧化硅表面,通过调节银氨络离子的浓度可以改变Ag纳米颗粒的大小及其在SiO2上的沉积量;当银的沉积量增加时,表面拉曼散射也随之增强。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/Graphene Nano- composite

采用氧化还原法制备不同银含量的银/石墨烯纳米复合材料 (银质量分数分别为0%, 30%, 46%, 56%, 63%)。并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、光电子能谱仪(XPS)、高倍透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和拉曼光谱(Raman)分析银含量对银/石墨烯纳米复合材料形态和显微结构的影响。结果表明,氧化石墨和银离子被成功地还原成银/石墨烯纳米复合材料,所得石墨烯由3~4单层碳原子层堆砌缠绕而成,同时银纳米颗粒沉积在石墨烯的表面。银纳米颗粒的介入有效地阻碍了石墨烯的团聚,增大了石墨烯的比表面积。银纳米颗粒的尺寸与银含量相关,当银含量较低时,银纳米颗粒在石墨烯表面具有很好的分散性且粒度基本分布在25~50 nm之间,而当银含量超过46%时将会导致银纳米颗粒的团聚。另外, 银纳米颗粒增强了石墨烯的拉曼效应。     

Spherical granular structures of Ag/Co nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties

Ag/Co bimetallic nanoparticles in the form of hierarchical spherical structures were prepared by the polyol process using oleic acid and oleylamine as surfactants. The Ag/Co nanoparticles so obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and super-conducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The XRD results in complement with the UV-vis studies indicated the absence of Ag-Co alloy formation during the synthesis. The FESEM observations depicted dense and uniform spherical granular structures for the Ag/Co nanoparticles; while the TEM studies apparently revealed a bimodal distribution of nanoparticles exist in the Ag/Co samples. The SAXS analysis on the Ag/Co colloids further validated the TEM results. The VSM studies showed typical ferromagnetic characteristics for the Ag/Co nanoparticles at room temperature; whereas the SQUID measurements demonstrated superparamagnetic nature for these nanoclusters with a blocking temperature close to 250 K. The synthetic route presented in this work represents a simple means of producing bimetallic composite superstructures of Ag/Co nanoparticles in the form of spherical granules on a large scale. These spherical aggregates have the potential to be important building blocks for more complex nanostructures and would be interesting for magnetic studies and catalytic applications.     

以聚丙烯酰胺作光敏剂光化学制备纳米Ag粒子的研究

研究了用聚丙烯酰胺作光敏剂的纳米Ag粒子的光化学合成。结果表明，Ag^ -PAM-PVP乙醇水溶液中，PAM明显地加速了光化学反应。讨论了PAM作光敏剂的光还原反应机理。在选择的体系中实验了各种组分的影响。在有或无丙酮存在下，TEM表征获得的胶体银粒子，平均直径分别为10．2nm和32．1nm，二者均具有良好的分散性。     

磁性Fe3O4/Ag复合纳米粒子制备与抗菌性能

采用箔-纤维-箔法和1150℃/150 MPa/30 min的真空热压工艺成功制备了SiCf/Ti-43Al-9V复合材料,并使用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪对该复合材料微观组织的形成进行了研究.结果表明,制备过程中SiC纤维与TiAl基体合金发生反应,并形成一定厚度的反应层;基体组织为等轴晶,粒径约为8 μm,与原始合金组织相比明显细化;从反应层到远处的TiAl基体合金,基体合金的组织由全γ相转变为α2/γ片层组织、γ晶粒和晶间B2相的混合组织.其中全γ相区域的厚度为2～4 μm,并围绕纤维分布.根据Ti-Al-V相图、C原子和V原子的扩散,分析了这两个基体区域的形成机理,并结合热压成形过程中的塑性变形和变形储存能,解释了基体合金晶粒大小的变化.     

一种中空金/银双金属纳米颗粒的制备及其SERS性能

以银纳米颗粒为牺牲模板,利用Ag和HAu Cl4之间的置换反应,结合柠檬酸钠同步还原的方法制备了一种中空金/银双金属纳米颗粒。通过对颗粒形貌及局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)的分析,初步研究了此类金/银纳米颗粒的生长机理,并对影响反应的因素进行了探讨。结果表明,通过控制反应条件可以实现对LSPR的精密调控。该类金/银双金属纳米颗粒可用作为SERS基底,苯硫酚在其表面增强因子可达107,并具有良好的信号重现性。该基底用于atto610标记的生物素与亲和素的SERS检测,检测限可达80 pg/m L。     

Facile sonochemical synthesis and photocatalysis of Ag nanoparticle/ZnWO_4-nanorod nanocomposites

A facile sonochemical method was developed to synthesize metallic Ag spherical nanoparticles on the surface of ZnWO_4 nanorods by forming heterostructure Ag/ZnWO_4 nanocomposites.The Ag/ZnWO_4 nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The experimental results showed that fcc metallic Ag nanoparticles were supported on surface of monoclinic sanmartinite ZnWO_4 nanorods.The Ag3d_(3/2) and Ag 3 d_(5/2) peaks have well-separated binding energies of 6.00 eV,certifying the existence of metallic Ag.The Ag/ZnWO_4 nanocomposites were evaluated for photodegradation of methylene blue(MB)induced by ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)radiation.In this research,heterostructure 10 wt% Ag nanoparticle/ZnWO_4-nanorod composites have the highest photocatalytic activity of 99%degradation of MB within 60 min.The increase in photocatalytic activity was the result of photoinduced electrons in conduction band of ZnWO_4 that effectively diffused to metallic Ag spherical nanoparticles and the inhibition of electron-hole recombination process.     

Ag/Au-decorated Fe3O4/SiO2 composite nanospheres for catalytic applications

Noble metal particles in nanoscale (Au, Ag, Pt, etc.) have attracted intensive research interest due to their promising catalysis properties. However, the practical applications of these nanoparticle catalysts are always jeopardized by two problems. One is the difficulty in recovering the used nanoparticles and the other arises from the low catalytic efficiency due to the aggregation of the nanoparticles. In this work, Ag/Au nanoparticles were distributed onto spherical superparamagnetic carriers (SSCNs), which were fabricated through a facile oil-in-DEG emulsion route. The Ag/Au nanoparticles were attached onto the SSCNs by two steps. The Au seeds were attached onto the silica surface through electrostatic attraction first, and the Ag nanoparticles were grown on the basis of the Au seeds. The obtained Ag/Au–SSCN composite nanospheres demonstrated promising catalytic properties, which could also be recycled very easily by using a magnet.     

Monte Carlo simulations of the structure of Pt-based bimetallic nanoparticles

Pt-based bimetallic nanoparticles have attracted significant attention as a promising replacement for expensive Pt nanoparticles. In the systematic design of bimetallic nanoparticles, it is important to understand their preferred atomic structures. However, compared with unary systems, alloy nanoparticles present greater structural complexity with various compositional configurations, such as mixed-alloy, core–shell, and multishell structures. In this paper, we developed a unified empirical potential model for various Pt-based binary alloys, such as Pd–Pt, Cu–Pt, Au–Pt and Ag–Pt. Within this framework, we performed a series of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations that quantify the energetically favorable atomic arrangements of Pt-based alloy nanoparticles: an intermetallic compound structure for the Pd–Pt alloy, an onion-like multishell structure for the Cu–Pt alloy, and core–shell structures (Au@Pt and Ag@Pt) for the Au–Pt and Ag–Pt alloys. The equilibrium nanoparticle structures for the four alloy types were compared with each other, and the structural features can be interpreted in terms of the interplay of their material properties, such as the surface energy and heat of formation.     

Synthesis and photocatalytic performance of Ag-loaded β-Bi2O3 microspheres under visible light irradiation

The visible-light-driven photocatalyst Ag/β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres were synthesized by a simple chemical method. First, β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres were obtained by a thermal treatment of sphere-like Bi₂O₂CO₃ precursor at 360 °C for 3 h in air and then Ag nanoparticles were in situ incorporated into β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres by impregnation method. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements. The experimental results demonstrated that the visible light absorption of β-Bi₂O₃ photocatalyst is greatly enhanced with the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles. The SEM and TEM observations revealed that the Ag nanoparticles can be homogenously incorporated in the β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres. The photocatalytic activity of Ag/β-Bi₂O₃ sample was evaluated by the photodegradation of the Rhodamine-B under visible light irradiation as a function of Ag content. It is found that the photocatalytic efficiency of β-Bi₂O₃ can be significantly improved with the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles up to 2.0 wt% Ag. The mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity is also presented.     

Ag/SiO2核-壳结构球的制备与光学性质

采用St(o)ber方法,以AgNO3与柠檬盐钠还原反应所制备出的Ag纳米颗粒为种子,合成了Ag/SiO2核-壳结构的亚微米球.用透射电镜(TEM)观测所得产物的形貌和大小,并用光吸收谱仪测试了Ag纳米颗粒的表面等离子体共振(SPR)引起的光吸收峰.