基于进化神经网络的磁粒研磨表面粗糙度预测方法研究

目的 为实现磁粒研磨光整加工的表面粗糙度精准预测,提出一种遗传算法优化表面粗糙度BP神经网络的预测模型.方法 将表面粗糙度作为预测的目标,影响磁粒研磨5052铝合金管内表面粗糙度的五个主要工艺参数作为神经网络的输入.合理设计正交试验,得到不同工艺参数配置下的表面粗糙度值,将其作为神经网络的输出.通过建立非线性预测模型,对比遗传算法优化后和传统BP神经网络的均方差与仿真时间,分析优化前后表面粗糙度的预测效果.结果 通过试验数据建立了结构为5-11-1的神经网络,进化BP神经网络预测模型均方差为0.044,建模仿真时间为0.187 s,其平均相对误差率为13.2％.传统的BP神经网络预测模型均方差为0.231,建模仿真时间为1.840 s.结论 通过遗传算法优化后的BP神经网络均方差更小,建模仿真时间更短,进化BP神经网络可以实现更为精准的预测,同时能够极大地避免传统BP神经网络易陷入局部极小值的弊端.     

基于神经网络的铣削大理石表面粗糙度预测模型

目的利用粒子群优化BP神经网络建立大理石加工表面粗糙度精确预测模型。方法首先采用不同切削参数进行铣削大理石试验,测量加工表面粗糙度值,同时对粒子群算法进行改进,使惯性权重按指数形式递减,并增加速度扰动系数,利用改进粒子群算法优化BP神经网络,建立铣削大理石表面粗糙度神经网络预测模型。其次使用部分试验数据来训练预测模型,使得到的网络参数让网络可以精确预测表面粗糙度。最后利用其余试验数据验证神经网络预测模型的准确性与可靠性。结果经过计算得到粒子群优化BP网络算法的预测模型归一化均方差为0.0501,最大相对误差为10.78%,且误差变化较为均匀。经验公式模型归一化均方差为0.1069,最大相对误差为39.64%,误差变化幅度较大。结论将神经网络模型与经验公式相比较,结果表明,所建网络模型具有较高的预测精度与较强的鲁棒性,对合理选择切削用量以得到理想表面粗糙度有一定参考价值。     

基于SSA-BP的电主轴热误差优化建模

为解决某加工中心电主轴的热误差补偿问题，建立预测精度高、鲁棒性强的热误差补偿模型。搭建实验台，利用美国雄狮回转误差分析仪采集电主轴的温度场和热误差数据。介绍麻雀搜索算法(SSA)原理、具体优化流程。采用SSA优化BP神经网络的权值和阈值，建立SSA-BP神经网络预测模型。与之前建立的BP神经网络预测模型相比，优化后预测效果更优，为电主轴热误差建模提供新的思路。     

超声滚挤压轴承套圈表面残余应力预测模型建立

为实现对超声滚挤压轴承套圈表面残余应力的合理预测,以轴承套圈为研究对象,进行正交试验设计,分别建立了残余应力与各加工参数之间的传统BP神经网络、改进BP神经网络和遗传算法优化BP神经网络(GA-BP)数学预测模型。通过对三种预测模型进行对比分析,结果表明,轴承套圈表面残余应力预测模型预测精度由高到低依次是GA-BP、改进BP神经网络预测模型、传统BP神经网络预测模型;且GA-BP所建立的轴承套圈表面残余应力的预测模型的平均误差控制在2.58%,因此该预测模型可以进行不同参数下电轴承套圈表面残余应力的预测。     

纵-扭超声磨削陶瓷表面粗糙度拟合与预测模型

为探究纵-扭超声振动对陶瓷磨削表面几何形貌的影响,以ZrO2陶瓷为研究对象,通过正交对比试验,以磨削表面粗糙度值为评价指标,采用多元线性回归分析法,建立普通磨削（OG）及纵-扭超声磨削（L-TUG）材料表面粗糙度拟合模型,研究工艺参数对表面粗糙度作用的主次顺序及影响程度;同时利用BP神经网络预测模型进行L-TUG表面粗糙度的优化求解。结果表明：在L-TUG中,主轴转速对粗糙度值影响最大,超声能量影响最小;在OG中,磨削深度对粗糙度值影响最大,主轴转速影响最小。BP神经网络模型预测误差在1.070%~9.396%内,且最优磨削参数组合获得的表面质量最好,可实现对L-TUG表面粗糙度值较高精度的智能预测。     

基于神经网络遗传算法的磁粒研磨TC4材料工艺参数优化

目的利用磁粒研磨光整加工技术提高TC4材料的表面质量,使用BP神经网络建立加工工艺参数和表面粗糙度之间的关系,使用遗传算法寻找最优工艺参数组合。方法使用双级雾化快凝法制备的金刚石磁性磨料对TC4材料工件进行L9(34)正交试验,借助Matlab软件建立结构为4-12-1的BP神经网络,根据正交试验结果训练BP神经网络,探究工艺参数主轴转速n、加工间隙δ、进给速率v、磨料粒径D和表面粗糙度Ra之间的关系。使用决定系数R2评判BP神经网络训练结果,基于训练好的BP神经网络使用遗传算法对工艺参数进行全局寻优。使用计算得到的优化工艺参数进行试验,并测量工件表面粗糙度,与计算得到的表面粗糙度做对比。结果BP神经网络的预测误差在1.5%以下,通过决定系数R2优化的模型可在训练样本较少的情况下进行有效可靠的预测。遗传算法优化的结果,在主轴转速为1021.26 r/min、加工间隙为1.52 mm、进给速率为1.04 mm/min、磨料粒径为197.91μm下,获得最佳表面粗糙度,为0.0951μm。使用调整后的工艺参数,在主轴转速为1020 r/min、加工间隙为1.50 mm、进给速率为1.0 mm/min、磨料粒径为196μm下,试验得到的表面粗糙度为0.093μm,与计算得到的最佳表面粗糙度误差为2.21%。结论采用磁粒研磨光整加工技术与寻优参数结合,可以有效提高TC4材料加工后的表面质量。     

基于GA-BP的6061Al切削参数优化

针对6061Al铣削中表面粗糙度预测精度低、切削参数选择不合理的问题,提出一种基于遗传神经网络与遗传算法结合的优化模型,对6061Al切削参数进行优化。采用遗传神经网络(GA-BP)构建表面粗糙度预测模型;基于表面粗糙度预测,以材料去除率为目标函数构建切削参数优化模型;利用遗传算法进行优化求解,对6061Al切削参数进行优化。研究结果表明:所建预测模型表面粗糙度预测精度在97%以上;同时,优化模型能优化6061Al切削参数,达到较好的全局寻优效果,为铝合金工件铣削加工切削参数优化提供参考。     

基于人工神经网络的滚挤压加工表面质量的预测研究

针对滚挤压工艺参数难于选取、已加工表面质量难以控制的问题，采用增加动量项和学习率自适应调整的BP神经网络建立了滚挤压加工表面质量的预测模型，并以表面粗糙度的预测作为实例进行研究，试验结果表明该模型可用于滚挤压加工表面质量的预测。     

安全阀关闭件研磨修复粗糙度预测与实验研究

目的优化安全阀关闭件研磨工艺参数,提高安全阀密封面研磨质量。方法采用Al2O3砂纸为磨具,通过正交试验研究了磨粒细度、研磨时间、研磨转速、研磨压力对阀座和阀瓣表面粗糙度的影响规律。采用粗糙度测量仪对阀座和阀瓣的表面粗糙度进行检测,初步获得了较好的研磨工艺参数。采用MATLAB中BP神经网络解决非线性映射逼近问题,建立表面粗糙度预测模型,分析安全阀研磨工艺实验得来的16组真实样本数据,并对不同工艺参数下的粗糙度进行预测。结果通过正交试验可以初步获得较好的研磨工艺参数,分别是:磨粒细度1500目、研磨压力100 N、研磨转速100 r/min、研磨时间10 min。进一步设计更全面的正交试验,验证粗糙度模型的预测结果,得到最好的研磨方案是:砂纸细度1500目、研磨压力120 N、研磨转速80 r/min、研磨时间12 min。结论粗糙度预测模型能够很好地预测表面粗糙度,并得到最佳工艺参数,表面粗糙度可以降低到0.074μm,有效地提高了研磨质量。     

基于RBF神经网络的磨削表面粗糙度预测模型

工件表面粗糙度是反映表面完整性指标中极为重要的一个参数,也是衡量磨削加工质量的重要因素之一,准确地预测磨削表面粗糙度对于快速合理地选择磨削加工工艺参数具有重要意义。通过开展实际磨削实验获得磨削加工数据,对获取的样本数据进行归一化处理以适应RBF神经网络的学习。同时采用循环算法比较得出隐层的最优神经元个数,最终建立了基于径向基函数神经网络的磨削表面粗糙度预测模型,并利用MATLAB进行仿真预测。仿真结果表明:该预测模型准确率很高,能为表面粗糙度预测研究提供可靠数据。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。