移动边缘计算中基于Stackelberg博弈的卸载和定价算法

移动边缘计算(Mobile Edge Computing,MEC)能够将计算密集型任务传输到MEC服务器上执行,相比移动云计算,延迟更低。然而MEC服务器的计算资源有限,需要设计合理的移动边缘计算卸载和定价策略。为此,针对计算资源有限的MEC服务器与多用户设备的场景进行了研究,其中每个用户设备都有一个可分割的任务并且可以选择卸载到MEC服务器上执行的卸载量,同时考虑到了任务的本地执行部分和卸载执行部分不能同时开始执行的情形。首先,根据用户设备卸载量和服务器定价的关系建立Stackelberg博弈;然后证明博弈存在纳什均衡,并采用差分进化算法寻找服务器定价的最佳策略;最后迭代求出用户设备的最优卸载量和MEC服务器的最优定价。仿真实验结果表明,所提出的算法可以提高服务器的利润和用户的效用,从而实现双赢。     

基于MEC的蜂窝网络联合计算与无线资源管理

移动边缘计算（MEC）是当下最有效的增强移动设备计算能力的方法，吸引了广大学者进行研究。为提高移动边缘计算的无线蜂窝网络性能，提出了一种基于移动边缘计算的无线蜂窝网络计算卸载和干扰管理集成框架。在该集成框架中，MEC服务器综合基于所有用户设备（UE）估算的计算开销和由MEC服务器自身估算的卸载开销做出卸载决策。然后MEC服务器再使用图着色进行PRB分配。最后基于卸载决策和PRB分配结果将MEC服务器的计算资源分配给用户设备UE。对该集成框架的仿真结果展现了该集成框架在不同系统参数下的有效性。     

车联网中基于麻雀搜索算法的计算卸载策略

针对车联网场景下的边缘计算系统中MEC服务器负载不均衡，紧急任务无法得到优先处理的问题，提出一种基于麻雀搜索算法的计算卸载策略(COSSA)。以最小化VEC系统的任务计算时延和MEC资源服务费为目标建立数学模型，利用层次分析法根据任务的属性为每个需要卸载任务分配优先级，运用麻雀搜索算法根据目标函数找出最优的卸载决策，实现服务器负载均衡。实验结果表明，与Random、ALP和OMP策略相比，COSSA策略可以有效地降低系统开销、均衡MEC服务器负载。     

基于双重拍卖的移动边缘计算任务卸载和资源分配策略

在移动边缘计算(mobile edge computing, MEC)系统中,用户的卸载策略会影响能耗和计算成本,进而影响用户效益.然而,目前多数研究未考虑边缘服务器随机分布场景中用户的卸载策略和资源请求策略对效益的影响.针对该问题,提出了一种基于改进双重拍卖算法的计算卸载和资源分配策略.首先,该策略将用户与边缘服务器之间的交互过程建模为Stackelberg博弈,并且证明了在该博弈内存在唯一纳什均衡点;其次,计算出用户对于不同服务器的卸载意愿以及计算资源请求量,并将用户与最优服务器进行拍卖;最后,采用遍历法交换上一轮拍卖中部分交易中的用户与服务器,以实现系统整体效益最优.仿真实验结果表明,与其他基准算法相比,所提算法在服务器随机分布场景下提高了33.4%的系统用户总效益,有效降低系统损失.     

移动边缘计算中基于粒子群优化的计算卸载策略

计算卸载作为移动边缘计算（MEC）中降低时延与能耗的手段之一,通过合理的卸载决策能够降低工业成本。针对工业生产线中部署MEC服务器后时延变长和能耗增高的问题,提出了一种基于粒子群优化（PSO）算法的计算卸载策略PSAO。首先,将实际问题建模为时延模型与能耗模型。由于是针对时延敏感型的应用,因此将模型转化为在能耗约束条件下的最小化时延问题,使用惩罚函数来平衡时延与能耗。其次,根据PSO算法优化后得到计算卸载决策向量,通过集中控制的方式使每一个计算任务合理分配到对应的MEC服务器。最后,通过仿真实验,对比分析了本地卸载策略、MEC基准卸载策略、基于人工鱼群算法（AFSA）的卸载策略以及PSAO的时延数据,PSAO的平均总时延远远低于其他三种卸载策略,PSAO比原来系统总代价降低了20%。实验结果表明,PSAO策略能够降低MEC中的时延,均衡MEC服务器的负载。     

移动边缘计算中基于改进拍卖模型的计算卸载策略

随着移动互联网业务的快速发展,增强现实、虚拟现实、超清视频等手机应用逐渐普及、IoT应用不断涌现,计算能力和续航能力的不足成为限制智能终端设备成功支撑这些应用的主要瓶颈。针对这一现状,采用计算卸载的方式解决该问题,在多用户多移动边缘服务器的场景下,综合考虑智能设备性能和服务器资源提出了一种基于改进拍卖算法的计算卸载策略。该策略主要包括两个阶段,在卸载决策阶段,通过综合考虑计算任务自身大小、计算需求和服务器计算能力、网络带宽等因素提出了卸载决策的依据;在任务调度阶段,通过综合考虑计算任务的时间需求和MEC服务器计算性能提出了基于改进拍卖算法的任务调度模型。实验证明,提出的计算卸载策略能够有效地降低服务时延,减少智能设备能耗,改善用户体验。     

基于深度强化学习的多用户边缘计算任务卸载调度与资源分配算法

移动边缘计算(Mobile Edge Computing,MEC)把计算和存储等资源部署在网络边缘以满足某些对延迟要求苛刻的应用.用户设备可以通过无线网络将计算任务整体或者部分卸载到边缘服务器执行从而降低延迟和本地耗能,进而获得良好的用户体验.现有传统优化算法在MEC卸载决策和资源分配方面是可行的,但传统优化算法并不很...     

改进人工蜂群算法及其在边缘计算卸载的应用

移动边缘计算（MEC）通过将算力下沉到网络边缘来降低计算时延和设备能耗。针对计算密集型和时延敏感型应用场景,提出了一种单多维动态种群策略的人工蜂群算法（OMABC）来实现计算任务的卸载。建立一个包含云服务器的边缘计算卸载模型,并构建一个以能耗为惩罚项的代价函数;将计算任务的卸载决策转化为人工蜂群算法对代价函数的寻优过程。通过仿真实验,在CEC 2017测试函数上验证了OMABC的有效性,并在边缘计算模型仿真中与本地卸载策略、随机卸载策略、基于粒子群算法（PSO）的卸载策略、基于人工蜂群算法（ABC）的卸载策略进行对比。实验结果表明,基于OMABC的边缘计算卸载策略能够有效降低MEC系统的时延及代价函数,提供更高效的服务。     

基于DDPG的边缘计算任务卸载和服务缓存算法

当计算任务被转移到移动边缘计算（MEC）服务器上时,通过服务缓存能够降低获取和初始化服务应用程序的实时时延和带宽成本。此外,体验质量是驱动卸载决策的关键因素,有效利用有限的计算资源能够提升用户满意度。考虑一个边缘服务器帮助移动用户执行一系列计算任务的场景,建立混合整数非线性规划问题,提出一种基于深度确定性策略梯度（DDPG）的算法来联合优化服务缓存位置、计算卸载决策和资源分配,从而提高用户对服务的体验质量,最大化用户使用计算资源所节约的成本。仿真结果表明,该算法在提高用户体验质量和节约成本方面较使用无缓存策略、随机选择策略和无缓存随机选择策略的算法性能更优。     

计算资源受限的移动边缘计算服务器收益优化策略

移动边缘计算（MEC）服务器通过向用户提供计算资源获得收益。对MEC服务器而言,如何在计算资源受限的情况下提高自身收益至关重要,为此提出一种通过优化计算任务执行次序提高MEC服务器收益的策略。首先,将MEC服务器收益最大化问题建模为以任务执行次序为优化变量的优化问题;然后提出了一种基于分支定界法的算法求解任务执行次序。仿真结果表明,采用所提算法获得的MEC服务器平均收益分别比大任务优先（LTF）算法、低延迟任务优先（LLTF）算法和先到先服务（FCFS）算法提高了11%、14%和21%。在保证卸载用户服务质量（QoS）同时,所提策略可以显著提高服务器的收益。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。