改进的二维最小卡方散度图像分割方法

传统的交叉熵阈值法具有抗噪性能差,计算时间长等问题。为了改进算法的性能,提出了一种二维最小卡方散度图像阈值化分割新准则,构建了基于改进中值滤波的新型二维直方图。利用对称卡方散度描述分割前后图像之间的差异程度。使用关键阈值对滤波图像进行分割,达到最佳的分割效果。实验结果表明,与二维Otsu和二维最小交叉熵法相比,提出的方法不仅大大缩短了分割时间,而且分割性能与抗噪性能更强。     

二维类内最小交叉熵的图像分割快速方法

熵是基于图像的一维灰度直方图得到的,仅利用了像素的灰度信息。最小交叉熵就是要寻找最优阈值使原始图像和分割图像之间的信息量的差异最小,在交叉熵的基础上,通过引入图像的空间信息,定义了二维类内交叉熵,并提出了基于二维类内最小交叉熵的图像分割方法。实验结果表明,充分利用图像的灰度信息和空间信息后,二维类内交叉熵取得了比交叉熵更好的分割效果。为了提高运算效率,提出了相应的快速递推算法,计算时间由从多于3小时减少到只要几秒。     

Active contour model for simultaneous MR image segmentation and denoising

In this paper, a new region-based active contour model is proposed for magnetic resonance image segmentation and denoising based on the global minimization framework and level set evolution. A new region fitting energy based on Nadaraya–Watson estimator and local image information is defined to enforce the curve evolution. By this improved region fitting term, the images with noise and intensity un-uniformity can be segmented and denoised. Inspired by the Perona–Malik diffusion equation, an edge-preserving regularization term is defined through the duality formulation to penalize the length of region boundaries. By this new regularization term, the edge information is utilized to improve the contour?s ability of capturing the edge and remaining smooth during the evolution. The energy functional of the proposed model is minimized by an efficient dual algorithm avoiding the inefficiency of the gradient descent method. Experiments on medical images demonstrate the proposed model provides a hybrid way to perform image segmentation and image denoising simultaneously.     

A multi-scale 3D Otsu thresholding algorithm for medical image segmentation

Thresholding technique is one of the most imperative practices to accomplish image segmentation. In this paper, a novel thresholding algorithm based on 3D Otsu and multi-scale image representation is proposed for medical image segmentation. Considering the high time complexity of 3D Otsu algorithm, an acceleration variant is invented using dimension decomposition rule. In order to reduce the effects of noises and weak edges, multi-scale image representation is brought into the segmentation algorithm. The whole segmentation algorithm is designed as an iteration procedure. In each iteration, the image is segmented by the efficient 3D Otsu, and then it is filtered by a fast local Laplacian filtering to get a smoothed image which will be input into the next iteration. Finally, the segmentation results are pooled to get a final segmentation using majority voting rules. The attractive features of the algorithm are that its segmentation results are stable, it is robust to noises and it holds for both bi-level and multi-level thresholding cases. Experiments on medical MR brain images are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is superior to the other multilevel thresholding algorithms consistently.     

基于灰度-梯度二维对称Tsallis交叉熵的阈值分割

针对灰度级-平均灰度级直方图的二维Tsallis交叉熵阈值分割法存在错分、计算复杂度较高问题,提出一种基于灰度-梯度二维对称Tsallis交叉熵的阈值分 割方法。构建新的灰度-梯度二维直方图,更加全面地考虑目标点和背景点;导出基于该直方图区域划分的对称Tsallis交叉熵阈值选取公式;采用基于tent映射的 混沌小生境粒子群优化算法搜寻二维最佳阈值向量,并引入快速递推算法降低其适应度函数的计算复杂度。实验结果表明,与基于灰度级-平均灰度级直方图的 二维Tsallis交叉熵阈值分割法相比,该方法能够使分割后的图像边缘更加准确,类内灰度更加均匀,且实时性提高了30倍。     

二维Otsu阈值法的快速算法

最大类间方差法(Otsu)是图像分割的经典算法,在其基础之上发展起来的二维Otsu阈值分割法由于计算复杂而制约了其应用。针对这一缺点,提出一种改进的二维Otsu阈值法的快速算法。首先将原始二维直方图划分成M×M个区域,将每个区域视为1个点,构造新的二维直方图,在其上利用二维Otsu以及快速递推算法,得到分割阈值所处的区域编号;既而对所确定的区域再次使用二维Otsu算法得到原始图像的分割阈值。实验结果证明,改进算法有效地提高了计算速度,降低了算法的空间复杂度,且分割效果与原始算法基本一致。     

基于分解的三维Otsu图像分割快速算法

摘要：针对三维Otsu图像分割算法计算复杂度高,运算量大的问题,本文提出一种基于分解的三维Otsu图像分割快速算法。该算法,首先将三维Otsu分解为三个一维Otsu;然后,在分析一维Otsu的基础上,结合类间距离和类内距离,提出一种新的阈值识别函数设计算法,并给出了快速实现方法。实验结果表明,该算法不仅可以取得较好的分割效果,而且计算量较小,比三维Otsu阈值分割递推算法快1400倍左右。     

一种改进的变分水平集的图像分割算法

为了解决灰度不均匀现象对医学图像的干扰问题,提出了基于局部极性信息的活 动轮廓模型。通过引入局部图像信息,该模型能有效地分割灰度不均匀图像。在规则化项中增 加的能量惩罚项,使得水平集函数在演化过程中保持为近似的符号距离函数。该算法将图像分 割问题归结为曲线能量泛函的最小化,首先建立包含局部灰度信息（极性信息）和改进的符号 距离函数的曲线演化能量泛函;然后采用变分水平集方法求解能量函数的最小值,得到最终的 分割结果。真实医学图像和人工合成图像的实验结果表明,此方法对灰度不均匀的医学图像有 较高的分割精确度,在图像分割速度上有较大提高。由于利用了局部灰度信息,可以有效地分 割灰度不均匀的医学图像,而改进后的变分水平集可以完全避免重新初始化,使得图像分割效 率大大提高了。     

基于广义调和均值距离的图像分割新算法

提出了基于广义调和均值距离的最小偏差图像阈值化分割新算法。Otsu阈值法是图像分割中最典型阈值法之一,因其计算简单、速度快和性能稳定等优点而在图像分割中得到广泛应用;但是,传统Otsu阈值法是基于欧式距离的最小偏差阈值法,由于欧式距离没有可调节参数而导致Otsu阈值法分割图像缺乏鲁棒性。首先将Otsu图像分割法中的欧式距离用广义调和均值距离代替并得到一种具有鲁棒性的图像分割新算法,其次给出该算法中参数选取办法。大量实验结果表明,新的图像分割算法相比Otsu法更有效。     

Multi-objective and multi-level image thresholding based on dominance and diversity criteria

The Kapur and Otsu methods are widely used image thresholding approaches and they are very efficient in bi-level thresholding applications. Evolutionary algorithms have been developed to extend the Kapur and Otsu methods to the multi-level thresholding case. However, there remains an unsolved argument that neither Kapur nor Otsu objective can optimally fit diverse content contained in different kinds of images. This paper proposes a multi-objective model which seeks to find the Pareto-optimal set with respect to Kapur and Otsu objectives. Based on dominance and diversity criteria, we developed a hybrid multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) method by incorporating several intelligent search strategies. The ensemble strategy is also applied to automatically select the best search strategy to perform at various algorithm stages according to its historic performances. The experimental result shows that the solutions to our multi-objective model consistently produce equal or better segmentation results than those by the optimal solutions to the original Kapur and Otsu models, and that the proposed hybrid algorithm with and without the ensemble strategy produces a better approximation to the ideal Pareto front than those obtained by two other MOPSO variants and the MOEA/D. In comparison with the most recent multilevel thresholding methods, our approach also consistently obtains better performance in the segmentation result for several benchmark images.     

基于区域分割的水下目标实时识别系统

提出了一种基于最优阈值分割算法的水下目标自动实时识别系统。该系统首先运用去噪、图像均衡等方法对实时摄取的水下图像进行预处理。然后运用基于遗传算法优化的 Otsu(即大津方法)最优阈值分割算法对所得图像进行区域分割并提取图像的特征向量。最后采用 BP 神经网络对提取的特征向量进行自动分类从而最终确定了水下目标的类型。水槽仿真试验表明该方法能够在恶劣的环境下自动地检测水下目标,而且该方法具有较强的抗光线干扰能力和较高的准确度。     

基于混沌布谷鸟优化的二维Tsallis交叉熵建筑物遥感图像分割

为了进一步提升建筑物遥感图像分割的准确性和运算速度,本文提出了基于混沌布谷鸟优化的二维Tsallis交叉熵的建筑物遥感图像分割方法。首先给出了二维Tsallis交叉熵的阈值选取公式,然后将Logistic混沌映射引入布谷鸟算法,进一步加快布谷鸟算法的收敛速度,最后通过该混沌布谷鸟算法优化基于二维Tsallis交叉熵的阈值寻找过程,并以得到的最优阈值分割建筑物遥感图像。大量实验结果表明,与二维倒数交叉熵法、二维Tsallis熵法、基于混沌粒子群优化的二维Tsallis灰度熵法等方法相比较,本文方法分割的目标更为准确,细节更为清晰,且运算时间更短。     

改进的三维Otsu图像分割快速算法

针对三维Otsu图像分割算法运算量大和图像细节分割不够准确的问题,提出一种改进的三维Otsu图像分割算法。该算法基于灰度-邻域平均灰度-梯度的新的三维特征模型,构建三维直方图;将三维Otsu分解为三个一维Otsu;在同时考虑类间距离和类内距离的基础上,提出一种新的最大散度差准则。实验结果表明,该算法不仅可以取得较好的分割效果,而且计算量较小,比三维Otsu阈值分割递推算法快900倍左右。     

Multi-level image thresholding using Otsu and chaotic bat algorithm

Multi-level thresholding is a helpful tool for several image segmentation applications. Evaluating the optimal thresholds can be applied using a widely adopted extensive scheme called Otsu’s thresholding. In the current work, bi-level and multi-level threshold procedures are proposed based on their histogram using Otsu’s between-class variance and a novel chaotic bat algorithm (CBA). Maximization of between-class variance function in Otsu technique is used as the objective function to obtain the optimum thresholds for the considered grayscale images. The proposed procedure is applied on a standard test images set of sizes (512 × 512) and (481 × 321). Further, the proposed approach performance is compared with heuristic procedures, such as particle swarm optimization, bacterial foraging optimization, firefly algorithm and bat algorithm. The evaluation assessment between the proposed and existing algorithms is conceded using evaluation metrics, namely root-mean-square error, peak signal to noise ratio, structural similarity index, objective function, and CPU time/iteration number of the optimization-based search. The results established that the proposed CBA provided better outcome for maximum number cases compared to its alternatives. Therefore, it can be applied in complex image processing such as automatic target recognition.

     

基于图像复杂度曲线拟合的快速图像分割方法

针对经典Otsu算法、最大熵算法、最小交叉熵算法等在 低 信噪比图像中分割效果较差的问题,从图像复杂度的角度提出了基于图像背景与目标的对象复杂度的图像分割方法,并采用曲线拟合方法大大减少了计算冗余,提高了算法的实时性与稳定性。实验表明,与经典算法相比,所提快速分割算法具有运行速度快、稳定性与可靠性高等特点,能够有效地解决 低信噪比图像分割效果较差的问题。     

图像阈值化的自适应粗糙熵方法

摘 要：目的：图像阈值化将灰度图像转换为二值图像,被广泛应用于多个领域。因实际工程应用中固有的不确定性,自动阈值选择仍然是一个极具挑战的课题。针对图像自动阈值化问题,提出了一种利用粗糙集的自适应方法。方法：该方法分析了基于粗糙集的图像表示框架,建立了图像粗糙粒度与局部灰度标准差的相互关系,通过最小化自适应粗糙粒度准则获得最优的划分粒度。进一步在该粒度下构造了图像目标和背景的上下近似集及其粗糙不确定度,通过搜索灰度级最大化粗糙熵获得图像最优灰度阈值,并将图像目标和背景的边界作为过渡区,利用其灰度均值作为阈值完成图像二值化。结果：对所提出的方法通过多个图像分三组进行了实验比较,包括三种经典阈值化方法和一种利用粗糙集的方法。其中,所提出的方法生成的可视化二值图像结果远远优于传统粗糙集阈值化方法。此外,也采用了误分率、平均结构相似性、假阴率和假阳率等指标进一步量化评估与比较相关实验结果。定性和定量的实验结果表明,所提出方法的图像分割质量较高、性能稳定。结论：所提出的方法适应能力较好,具有合理性和有效性,可以作为现有经典方法的有力补充。     

结合局部熵能量泛函与非凸正则项的图像分割

为了克服灰度不均匀对图像分割的影响，结合CV模型的全局能量项和LBF模型的局部能量项，引入图像局部熵信息和非凸正则项，构造新的能量泛函，提出了结合局部熵的局部能量泛函与非凸正则项的图像分割算法。该算法首先采用CV模型中的全局能量泛函得到图像的大致演化轮廓；通过构建具有局部熵信息的局部能量泛函，实现对图像的精确分割。然后，利用非凸正则项作为图像演化过程中零水平集逼近目标的又一驱动力驱动曲线演化和边缘保护。该算法利用变分水平集方法将这一新构建的能量泛函进行最小化，通过迭代更新水平集函数，完成曲线演化。最后，对比实验表明，所提出的算法可以高效、准确地分割灰度不均匀图像。     

一种新的精子图像分割与识别算法

本文针对精子运动图像特点,从目标和背景的类间差异性出发,提出了一种基于最大类间交叉熵准则的阈值化分割新算法,对精子图像进行分割,引入约束条件筛选去除杂质,应用形态学在每个精子目标上显示数字标记。实验表明,该方法可以实现精子的快速准确分割,并自动统计出图像中精子的个数。     

A Local Contrast Fusion Based 3D Otsu Algorithm for Multilevel Image Segmentation

To overcome the shortcomings of 1D and 2D Otsu’s thresholding techniques, the 3D Otsu method has been developed. Among all Otsu’s methods, 3D Otsu technique provides the best threshold values for the multi-level thresholding processes. In this paper, to improve the quality of segmented images, a simple and effective multilevel thresholding method is introduced. The proposed approach focuses on preserving edge detail by computing the 3D Otsu along the fusion phenomena. The advantages of the presented scheme include higher quality outcomes, better preservation of tiny details and boundaries and reduced execution time with rising threshold levels. The fusion approach depends upon the differences between pixel intensity values within a small local space of an image; it aims to improve localized information after the thresholding process. The fusion of images based on local contrast can improve image segmentation performance by minimizing the loss of local contrast, loss of details and gray-level distributions. Results show that the proposed method yields more promising segmentation results when compared to conventional 1D Otsu, 2D Otsu and 3D Otsu methods, as evident from the objective and subjective evaluations.      

灰度不均的弱边缘血管影像的水平集分割方法

针对血管影像中灰度不均和弱边缘情况下已有水平集模型不能正确分割血管问题,提出一种耦合了血管影像的几何信息、边缘信息和区域信息的水平集分割方法.首先,采用Hessian矩阵的各向异性性对血管状目标进行识别,对原始影像数据进行多尺度滤波;然后采用拉普拉斯算子零交叉点的快速边缘积分方法将边缘信息嵌入能量泛函中,构建一种基于结构、边缘和区域信息的水平集分割方法.相比于单一依靠影像边缘信息或区域信息模型及其改进模型,该方法在分割严重灰度不均匀的血管造影影像上能够准确提取血管,并精确定位血管边缘.