ALAVIT: An adaptive layered video transmission for wireless OFDM channels

It is well-known that the layered transmission for video bit-streams generated by a layered coding can gracefully accommodate the receivers' heterogeneity in wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a new layered video transmission scheme employing the subcarrier allocation based on the wireless channel characteristics of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) physical (PHY) layer, leading to an adaptive layered video transmission (ALAVIT). In our scheme, scalable video coding (SVC) is exploited to generate the layered video bit-streams; and the resulting base layer (BL) and enhancement layer (EL) bits are modulated differently to obtain their individual wireless symbols. According to the estimated channel characteristics described by the subcarrier channel gains of a connected wireless receiver, subcarriers with good channel quality are allocated to BL symbols for a better protection of these more important bits. In this unicast case, our ALAVIT scheme is demonstrated to provide a much better performance as compared to the state-of-the-art PHY layer techniques such as s-mod and MixCast. This framework is then generalized from unicast to multicast where the problem is formulated into an optimization involving the average bit-error-rate (BER) over all connected receivers. While the complexity of solving this problem remains extremely high for the current OFDM case of 64 or even more subcarriers, we demonstrate by using a case study of 8 subcarriers that the optimal solution indeed offers a better performance than the heuristic solutions.     

Reconfigurable simulator using graphical user interface (GUI) and object-oriented design for OFDM systems

In this paper, a design of a new object-oriented simulation environment and graphical user interface (GUI) for versatile orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is presented. This is achieved using high-level design, parallelism and usability for the simulation environment. GUI interface can serve as a learning/research tool for students or practiced professionals to investigate particular designs. It is evident that OFDM systems intended to be used in dynamic environments must be tested under various conditions in order to be designed for optimality. Hence, a simulation design is proposed coupling the GUI, parallelism, and high-level object-oriented design techniques to be beneficial to the researcher. A high-level design and GUI layouts of the proposed simulator is shown in details. Important OFDM parameters needed for reconfiguration of transmitter components, channel condition parameters, and receiver components are discussed. In addition, this paper provides a simple technique to implement simulation partitioning for increased parallel performance of reconfigurable object-oriented OFDM simulators. This simple technique applies to scenarios where there is disproportionate simulation duration between different OFDM configurations. It is shown to decrease total simulation time considerably.     

CP-based MIMO OFDM radar IRCI free range reconstruction using real orthogonal designs

In this paper, we propose a range reconstruction method for a frequency-band shared multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) radar with sufficient cyclic prefix (CP) by using real orthogonal designs. Compared with the application of complex orthogonal designs in our previous work, the application of real orthogonal designs can significantly reduce the number of the all-zero-valued pulses in a coherent processing interval (CPI) for each transmitter and increase the efficiency of radar transmitters. Meanwhile, it still maintains the advantages of full spatial diversity without inter-range-cell interference (IRCI). We also apply the rate-1 real orthogonal designs for different numbers of transmitters and pulses for range reconstruction without any idleness of radar transmitters. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performances of the OFDM pulse design and the CP-based MIMO OFDM radar using real orthogonal designs.     

Performance optimization of iterative receiver for wireless communications based on realistic channel conditions

Adopting orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to low-density parity check (LDPC) coded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is attractive scheme for wireless communication systems. An iterative receiver design for LDPC coded MIMO-OFDM system is proposed as the foundation for enhancing the wireless link performance can deliver the coverage, speed, throughput and reliability. However, in previous works, evaluations are basically assumed for a certain channel scenario and it is inefficient in incorporating different channel scenarios. The aim of this paper is to improve the system range for equivalent error rate, while not significantly increasing system complexity compared to conventional iterative receiver solution under realistic channel environment. We show that our proposed iteration adaptation at receiver can considerably adopt the system to realistic change environment, and reach very high reliability. Simulations of our optimization reveal superior error rate performance and lower computational cost vs. conventional LDPC coded MIMO OFDM system. Our simulation results also capture the effects of realistic vs. typical channel fading types (i.e., Rician vs. Rayleigh, respectively) and fading parameter models (average vs. random azimuth spread and K factor) on system performance and complexity.     

Robust capacity maximization transceiver design for MIMO OFDM systems多天线正交频分复用系统中鲁棒性容量最大化的收发机设计

In this paper, we investigated capacity maximization problem for Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing systems with imperfect channel state information (CSI). To the best of our knowledge, the considered problem is still an open problem. However, the transceiver designs for MIMO OFDM systems have been extensively studied. It seems nobody gives closed-form solutions for resource allocation for MIMO OFDM systems with statistical channel estimation errors up to date. In our work, based on practical channel estimation algorithm, the channel estimation errors are first derived and then the robust resource allocation problem has been formulated. The structure of the optimal robust precoder is first derived, based on which the optimization problem will be simplified significantly. Furthermore, based on the Lagrangian dual method, a robust power allocation algorithm is proposed. The proposed power allocation can be considered as a variant of water-filling solution named cluster water-filling solution. Finally, simulation results show that our proposed robust design outperforms the non-robust design in terms of channel capacity.     

OFDM系统中突发模式下的同步及信道估计技术

分析了突发模式的通信体制特点,对采用OFDM技术的高速数据传输系统进行了设计,建立了系统基带发射模型和基带接收模型,重点研究了其中的两项关键技术:同步和信道估计,提出了能够满足突发系统要求的实现算法,并分别通过仿真验证了可行性;最后,在AWGN信道和衰落信道条件下,对运行上述算法的系统进行了综合仿真,给出了系统的误码率性能。     

Optimal channel switching in multiuser systems under average capacity constraints

In this paper, the optimal channel switching problem is studied for average capacity maximization in the presence of multiple receivers in the communication system. First, the optimal channel switching problem is proposed for average capacity maximization of the communication between the transmitter and the secondary receiver while fulfilling the minimum average capacity requirement of the primary receiver and considering the average and peak power constraints. Then, an alternative equivalent optimization problem is provided and it is shown that the solution of this optimization problem satisfies the constraints with equality. Based on the alternative optimization problem, it is obtained that the optimal channel switching strategy employs at most three communication links in the presence of multiple available channels in the system. In addition, the optimal strategies are specified in terms of the number of channels employed by the transmitter to communicate with the primary and secondary receivers. Finally, numerical examples are provided in order to verify the theoretical investigations.     

Prototype filter design for QAM-based filter bank multicarrier system

In this paper, we provide conditions for a prototype filter design of filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) based on quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The conditions consist of a generalized Nyquist criterion (GNC) for nearly perfect reconstruction (NPR) and meeting the stopband condition for a small side-lobe. In a practical environment, a small side-lobe is a key aspect of achieving high spectral efficiency, which becomes an important factor in reducing the size of the guard band among channels. In addition, because the conventional GNC is derived under the assumption of an ideal channel, which can be easily broken over a practical multipath channel, we propose a relaxed NPR that considers the multipath delay using a 2L-oversampled discrete Fourier transform (DFT) in the frequency domain. Based on the relaxation of the GNC depending on a multipath channel, we formulate an optimization problem for a QAM-FBMC prototype filter design and propose a prototype filter with a small side-lobe and reliable BER performance. Simulation results show that the proposed prototype filter remarkably reduces the side-lobe compared to conventional QAM-FBMC based on two types of prototype filters and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) via the trade-off between GNC and side-lobe performance. The benefit of the side-lobe condition allows the proposed prototype filter, the Relaxed-NPR-F, to improve spectral efficiency by reducing the guard band in the frequency domain.     

Conflicting International Standards Pressure Chip Designers

The best way to build chips or chipsets for mobile TV receivers is to create flexible solutions that can handle multiple standards and address sliding modifications to existing standards. The good news is that many of these standards share similar algorithms for channel demodulation and channel decoding (OFDM, Viterbi decoding, xPSK, FFT, and so on). This requirement for flexibility is driving a new segment of processor development, especially in the DSP area. Solutions such as ARC's and CEVA's configurable cores and Improv Systems' JazzDSP are ideal vehicles for creating custom processors as programmable solutions for digital processing of channel demodulation and channel decoding.     

一发四收双晶水膜探头在中厚钢板自动探伤中的应用

为了满足钢板自动化探伤的要求,在常规的一发一收探头基础上,研制了新式的一发四收型双晶水膜探头.比较了一发四收与一发一收探头的结构、原理和性能指标.经多次实验测试表明,一发四收探头具有声束宽,定量精度高,水平分辨力高等多项优势,从而提高了中厚钢板自动探伤的技术指标.     

Molecular communication via diffusion with spherical receiver & transmitter and trapezoidal container

Molecular communication is a new paradigm that works on the principle of the discharge of molecules as carriers of information. The channel of molecular communication is determined by the signal that is received. The designs of the receiver, the modulation, coding, and capacity rely on the models of the received signal. Therefore, it is difficult to model the number of the received modules (until the time t) using an analytical approach. Indeed, communication through molecular diffusion is ubiquitous. In particular, the present, closed form of the impulse response of the diffusion channel usually perceives the transmitter as a source point. This research attempts to develop molecular communication via diffusion through a spherical transmitter and receiver and trapezoidal container. The study has been conducted in two parts. These parts include dataset generation using a probability distribution, and the modelling of the received signal – using a multitude of machine learning (ML) techniques. In this study the code is executed using Python language. In addition, the study utilizes deep neural networks, support vector regression, logistic regression, and ridge regression to model the received signal for a spherical transmitter before comparing the performance of all the models. The results of the study have been compared in terms of the models’ accuracy to determine the best performing approach. The proposed techniques offer promising results for modelling the received molecules number until time. The proposed technique models the received signal efficiently for longer distances.     

基于压缩感知的MIMO-OFDM信道估计中的导频设计方案

多输入多输出-正交频分复用(Multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,MIMO-OFDM)系统作为MIMO系统和OFDM系统的结合,具有很高的频带利用率并能有效地对抗无线信道的多径效应。本文研究了MIMO-OFDM系统稀疏信道估计及其导频优化,将信道估计问题转化为压缩感知(Compressed sensing,CS)理论中的稀疏信号重建问题,将最小化测量矩阵的互相关作为导频优化的目标。结合已有的随机序贯搜索(Stochastic sequential search,SSS)和扩展算法2(Extension scheme 2,ES2)算法以及导频移位机制,提出了一种快速的导频优化算法随机搜索移位算法(Stochastic sequential search-shift mechanism,SSS-SM)。此算法的运算复杂度远低于已有的ES2算法,运算时间不受发射天线数影响。将SSS-SM算法和ES2算法分别获得的导频设计结果应用于MIMO-OFDM系统的信道估计,仿真结果表明,采用SSS-SM算法可以更低的算法复杂度获得与ES2算法相同的信道估计性能;高信噪比情况下,SSS-SM算法对应的均方误差(Mean square error,MSE)比ES2平均低约3~5 dB,因此这种方法在高信噪比下更有优势。     

Generalized spatial representation for digital modulation and its potential application数字信号调制的广义空间表征及其应用

Constellation mapping has provided a great convenience to measure the performance of digital signal modulation in Euclid space. However, traditional in-phase and quadrature (IQ) plane is difficult to express the frequency modulation scheme such as minimum shift keying (MSK) and the time domain modulation such as cyclic code shift keying (CCSK). How to represent the digital signal modulation visually through constellation mapping is an attractive problem. To address this issue, in this paper, the combined frequency and phase modulation are utilized to define a new kind of constellation mapping, where the phase and frequency are quantized to the same elements. The uniform geometric construction for combined phase and frequency modulation is redefined in the 3D cylindrical coordinate system based on frequency (f), in-phase component (I) and quadrature component (Q). In the new coordinates, the quadrature frequency-phase shift keying (QFPSK) is produced by the QPSK with dimensional rotation matrix and denoted by the reduced dual quaternion. Furthermore, the spatial extension from QFPSK to chirp cyclic shift keying (Chirp CSK) is analyzed with bandwidth efficiency and energy efficiency. At last, the QFPSK is combined with the 2D OFDM, yielding the image OFDM system. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of QFPSK in the proposed system with the time-varying wireless channel and frequency selective fading channel respectively.     

基于Simulink的MC-CDMA仿真和性能分析

多载波码分多址(MC-CDMA)是为宽带移动通信而提出的新型多载波调制技术, 是4G通信系统的核心技术之一,它结合了OFDM和CDMA两者的优点。依据MC-CDMA的数学模型,采用Simulink构建MC-CDMA基带仿真模型,并在此模型基础上仿真与分析它在复杂多径Rayleigh 信道下的性能,仿真频域交织对系统性能的改善。     

基于改进粒子群算法的OFDM系统资源分配

提出一种具有全局优化能力的改进粒子群算法,将信道分配和比特功率分配问题相结合,实现电力线信道下多用户自适应OFDM比特功率分配。在典型低压电力线通信信道环境下的matlab仿真结果表明:本文提出的算法可行且有效,适合多用户通信环境,节省了多用户自适应OFDM系统的运算时间,降低了发射功率,且算法简单易操作,有望应用于更广泛的优化问题。     

An algorithm for computationally expensive engineering optimization problems

Abstract

Modern engineering design often relies on computer simulations to evaluate candidate designs, a scenario which results in an optimization of a computationally expensive black-box function. In these settings, there will often exist candidate designs which cause the simulation to fail, and can therefore degrade the search effectiveness. To address this issue, this paper proposes a new metamodel-assisted computational intelligence optimization algorithm which incorporates classifiers into the optimization search. The classifiers predict which candidate designs are expected to cause the simulation to fail, and this prediction is used to bias the search towards designs predicted to be valid. To enhance the search effectiveness, the proposed algorithm uses an ensemble approach which concurrently employs several metamodels and classifiers. A rigorous performance analysis based on a set of simulation-driven design optimization problems shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Topographical design of stiffener layout for plates against blast loading using a modified ant colony optimization algorithm

The stiffened plates are of demonstrable advantages and potential in offering high resistance to such extreme loading scenarios as blast. Since the distribution of the stiffeners has considerable effect on their performance, its design signifies an important topic of research. However, existing research has mainly focused on empirical design, and the configurations were largely experience based, which limits structural explosion-proof capacity. In order to improve the performance of stiffened plates against blast loading, we introduced here two new structural configurations of stiffened plates. In this study, the modified ant colony optimization (MACO) algorithm which introduces the mass constraint factor to the pheromone update function and integrates the idea of crossover and mutation was used to design the subjected to given working conditions. Specifically, material distribution of stiffeners is taken to be the design variables, and minimization of the maximum deflection of the center point of the plate to be the design objective under predetermined mass constraints. Compared with the baseline structure, the optimal designs largely improved the explosion-proof performance through distributing stiffener topology on the plates. The results showed that the optimum designs all present the reinforcement stiffeners to link with the fixed boundaries against the deformation. Moreover, the optimum designs placed more reinforcement materials in the central regions instead of four angles, and with the increase of the mass fraction, the reinforcement placement gradually extends from the center to the edges. The proposed method and new topological configurations are expected to provide some insights into design for novel protective structures.

     

Optimal adaptive channel scheduling for scalable video broadcasting over MIMO wireless networks

Video broadcasting is an efficient way to deliver video content to multiple receivers. However, due to heterogeneous channel conditions in MIMO wireless networks, it is challenging for video broadcasting to map scalable video layers to proper MIMO transmit antennas to minimize the average overall video transmission distortion. In this paper, we investigate the channel scheduling problem for broadcasting scalable video content over MIMO wireless networks. An adaptive channel scheduling based unequal error protection (UEP) video broadcasting scheme is proposed. In the scheme, video layers are protected unequally by being mapped to appropriate antennas, and the average overall distortion of all receivers is minimized. We formulate this scheme into a non-linear combinatorial optimization problem. It is not practical to solve the problem by an exhaustive search method with heavy computational complexity. Instead, an efficient branch-and-bound based channel scheduling algorithm, named TBCS, is developed. TBCS finds the global optimal solution with much lower complexity. The complexity is further reduced by relaxing the termination condition of TBCS, which produces a (1 − ε)-optimal solution. Experimental results demonstrate both the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed scheme and algorithm. As compared with some existing channel scheduling methods, TBCS improves the quality of video broadcasting across all receivers significantly.     

Quantum behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) for multi-objective design optimization of composite structures

We present a new, generic method/model for multi-objective design optimization of laminated composite components using a novel multi-objective optimization algorithm developed on the basis of the Quantum behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) paradigm. QPSO is a co-variant of the popular Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and has been developed and implemented successfully for the multi-objective design optimization of composites. The problem is formulated with multiple objectives of minimizing weight and the total cost of the composite component to achieve a specified strength. The primary optimization variables are – the number of layers, its stacking sequence (the orientation of the layers) and thickness of each layer. The classical lamination theory is utilized to determine the stresses in the component and the design is evaluated based on three failure criteria; Failure Mechanism based Failure criteria, Maximum stress failure criteria and the Tsai–Wu Failure criteria. The optimization method is validated for a number of different loading configurations – uniaxial, biaxial and bending loads. The design optimization has been carried for both variable stacking sequences as well as fixed standard stacking schemes and a comparative study of the different design configurations evolved has been presented. Also, the performance of QPSO is compared with the conventional PSO.     

An efficient sparse channel estimator combining time-domain LS and iterative shrinkage for OFDM systems with IQ-imbalances

A time-domain(TD) least square(LS) channel estimator is first proposed to estimate channel parameters of OFDM system with IQ imbalances at both transmitter and receiver.Then,an iterative shrinkage(IS) algorithm from compressed sensing is adopted to further improve the estimation performance by using the TD-LS solution as the initial value of IS in the case of sparse channel.Simulation shows that our algorithm combining TD-LS and IS performs better on bit error rate than the frequency-domain LS and matching pursuit in sparse Hilly Terrain channel when the same LS equalizer is adopted.