供应链信息协同及agent在其中的应用：研究综述*

对有关供应链信息协同及agent在其中的应用研究文献进行了回顾,目的是通过对现状的分析总结提出基于多agent的供应链信息协同的研究方向。首先指出信息共享和信息协同之间的联系和区别;然后从供应链信息协同（包括信息协同涉及的信息类型、信息协同对供应链绩效的影响和信息协同中的信息共享策略和共享模式等）及agent在其中的应用两方面对相关文献进行综述,并提出研究展望。     

Research on the Application of Essential Information Technology in Food Safety Supply Chain

I. INTRODUCTION Along with the economical rapid development and the living standard unceasing enhancement, the consumer request to food quality in a new stair, food consumption pattern has assumed multiplex development tendency, food demand pattern transforms into "the multi- varieties, guarantees safety". Food no longer only is essential item which satisfies life needs; the consumer attention to food from the quantity moves towards the credit level, food security problem appears. How doe…     

The effects of business systems leveraging on supply chain performance: Process innovation and uncertainty as moderators

Rooted in the profit-seeking motives of social exchange theory, this study aims to investigate the factors that facilitate leverages of firm’s business systems and their sharing of information with group members, as well as the impacts of business systems leveraging (BSL) on information sharing and supply chain performance. Simultaneously, the moderating effects of uncertainty and the degree of process innovation on the relationship between BSL and supply chain performance are also estimated. The analytical results indicated that proactive technological orientation, information technology (IT) connectivity, supply chain member pressure, and member relationship quality encourage firms to combine their business systems with those of other business partners. Interestingly, in a situation where there is high demand and an uncertain supply, the impact of BSL on supply chain performance is low, while the moderating effect of process innovation on the relationship between BSL and supply chain performance is significant. Finally, it is suggested that firms implementing BSL work to upgrade their technology maintain tight relationships with supply chain partners and create innovation in all aspects of their business processes in order to survive in the highly competitive IT environment.     

建筑供应链信息共享平台设计与应用

针对建筑供应链异构信息无法充分共享的问题,分析异构信息对信息共享平台的需求,设计基于本体集成的建筑供应链信息共享模型和共享过程模型,提出基于本体集成的建筑供应链信息共享平台,并且描述其中的关键功能模块。论述基于本体集成的信息共享平台如何支持建筑供应链的信息共享。结果证明,基于本体集成的建筑供应链信息共享平台能够更有效地检索信息、学习领域知识及支持决策。     

基于Web服务的供应链信息沟通与共享

有效降低供应链成本的关键是充分实现供应链上各实体闯的信息沟通与共享，传统的实现方法是采用EDI技术，但EDI系统开发复杂、成本较高，多数中小企业难以承担。近来兴起的Web服务技术由于采用了开放的互联网标准和XML，极大地简化了跨组织系统的开发，降低了开发成本，有望成为实现供应链信息共享的重要解决方案。该文阐述了Web服务的技术要点，并给出了一个利用Web服务实现供应链信息共享的实现案例。     

基于物联网技术的供应链信息共享

文章先介绍供应链中存在的牛鞭效应现象,提出供应链结构、时间延迟、需求预测等六个对牛鞭效应的成因。然后结合新型物联网技术,对信息共享进行了分析讨论。最后得出实施信息共享可以有效减弱牛鞭效应的结论。     

Impact of information sharing on statistical quality control

With advances in information technology (IT), the research on and practice of information sharing is now having a significant impact on many aspects of supply chains. Nevertheless, few investigations focus on the impact of information sharing on product and process quality. Furthermore, it is still not clear how and what information should be shared or used, and how to quantify the benefits of information sharing in terms of quality improvement. In this research, a “matching problem” is used to demonstrate the impact of information sharing on quality. We quantify and compare the impact of different information-sharing strategies on process and product quality, and suggest that real-time information sharing may lead to dramatic quality improvement for an assembly process, the example here being a two-stage supply chain. The proposed approach to evaluate information sharing in terms of quality improvement can be extended to a more complex supply chain     

Information sharing and business systems leveraging in supply chains: An empirical investigation of one web-based application

Web-based supply chain applications promise to provide information sharing capabilities that will enhance the participating organizations’ information capabilities and business benefits. We performed an empirical study of a sophisticated Web-based supply chain application to determine the effect of such information sharing and business systems leveraging on business benefits. We also examined the importance of relational concurrence (i.e., shared business interests among supply chain partners), as an antecedent to both information sharing and business systems leveraging. Our work showed that both information sharing and business system leveraging provided important business benefits and that relational concurrence was only marginally related to information sharing and not at all related to business systems leveraging, limiting the significance attributed to this factor in prior research on inter-organizational systems.     

Innovation information sharing between two competitive supply chains

We study the innovation information sharing problem between two competing supply chains with one supplier and one manufacturer each. The manufacturer in each chain has private information about its product innovation degree and may choose to share such information with the competitor (horizontal information sharing), its supplier (vertical information sharing), or both (full transparency). We find that irrespective of the status of horizontal information sharing, vertical sharing always hurts the manufacturer, and sharing information horizontally is a dominating strategy for each manufacturer when the competition intensity is small. Furthermore, when competition intensity is not extremely large, full transparency can be realized through some transfer from the suppliers to the manufacturers, achieving a Pareto improvement for all parties, because the vertical and horizontal sharing are complementary to increase the supplier's benefit. Otherwise, neither horizontal nor vertical information sharing will occur.     

Supply chain ontology: Review, analysis and synthesis

In an environment where supply chains compete against supply chains, information sharing among supply chain partners using information systems is a competitive tool. Supply chain ontology has been proposed as an important medium for attaining information systems interoperability. Ontology has its origin in philosophy, and the computing community has adopted ontology in its language. This paper presents a study of state of the art research in supply chain ontology and identifies the outstanding research gaps. Six supply chain ontology models were identified from a systematic review of literature. A seven point comparison framework was developed to consider the underlying concepts as well as application of the ontology models. The comparison results were then synthesised into nine gaps to inform future supply chain ontology research. This work is a rigorous and systematic attempt to identify and synthesise the research in supply chain ontology.     

Leveraging information sharing to configure supply chains

As supply chains evolve beyond the confines of individual organizations, information sharing has become the holy grail in supply chain technology. Although the value of information sharing is well recognized, there is little research on how to use it to configure supply chains. This paper proposes a parameterized model to capture information sharing in a supply chain. By changing the parameters of this model, we actually adjust the degree of information sharing and create new supply chain configurations. Configurations are the means of responding to events or changes in supply chains in a timely manner. A complete example is used to demonstrate this methodology. We also perform simulation experiments to compare configurations and to understand the effect of information sharing on supply chain performance. Thus, we show how to achieve supply chain configurability by leveraging information sharing. A supply chain architecture which allows agility, adaptability and alignment of partner interests is also proposed based on this methodology.     

The inhibitors of risk information sharing in the supply chain: A multiple case study in Turkey

One of the greatest threats faced by organizations is disruption in the supply chain arising from not sharing risk information among the supply chain partners. The aim of this study is to identify the inhibitors of risk information sharing in a supply chain by using practical‐side evidence. An exploratory multiple case design was utilized to investigate why supply chain partners in Turkey may be reluctant to share risk information among their members and provide solutions to overcome these barriers. The results of the study indicate that the inhibitors of risk information sharing fall into three categories: risk‐related, organization‐related, and management‐related. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate possible solutions for reluctance in risk information sharing among supply chain partners based on managers' experiences.     

Optimal decisions for a two-echelon supply chain with capacity and demand information

Due to the applications of Internet of Things and big data in the Industry 4.0 context, more information in and out of a smart factory can be collected and shared between manufacturers and retailers. In this study, we consider two types of information that can be available in a supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer in Industry 4.0: the capacity information for the later rush production and the demand information shared between the retailer and manufacturer. In the supply chain, the manufacturer provides two orders with maximum limits by using a capacitated normal production and two capacitated rush production modes. To study the effects of the information, we investigate the optimal decisions and profits for the supply chain with and without the capacity information and demand information sharing. In addition, we propose a coordination mechanism for the supply chain with both the capacity information and demand information sharing. The coordination mechanism does not only rely on cost parameters, but also on the capacity and demand information. The numerical examples show that the supply chain profit can be improved by as large as 16.76% in the coordinated system, compared with the original system without the capacity information and demand information sharing.     

Accessing information sharing and information quality in supply chain management

This paper empirically examines the impact of environmental uncertainty, intra-organizational facilitators, and inter-organizational relationships on information sharing and information quality in supply chain management.Based on the data collected from 196 organizations, multiple regression analyses are used to test the factor impacting information sharing and information quality respectively. It is found that both information sharing and information quality are influenced positively by trust in supply chain partners and shared vision between supply chain partners, but negatively by supplier uncertainty. Top management has a positive impact on information sharing but has no impact on information quality. The results also show that information sharing and information quality are not impacted by customer uncertainty, technology uncertainty, commitment of supply chain partners, and IT enablers.Moreover, a discriminant analysis reveals that supplier uncertainty, shared vision between supply chain partners and commitment of supply chain partners are the three most important factors in discriminating between the organizations with high levels of information sharing and information quality and those with low levels of information sharing and information quality.     

Effects of information technology alignment and information sharing on supply chain operational performance

The paper aims to investigate the effects of information technology (IT) alignment and information sharing on operational performance in the context of supply chain. Based on the resource-based view, this study identifies IT alignment and information sharing as specific resources/capabilities for supply chain partnership. Data from 141 Chinese manufacturers are collected to test the relationships among IT alignment, information sharing, and operational performance. The results show that (1) both IT alignment and information sharing have direct and positive effects on operational performance, (2) IT alignment has an indirect effect on operational performance through information sharing, and (3) IT alignment and information sharing have different emphases in operational performance improvement. The resource-capability-performance paradigm is extended to supply chain context in the emerging economy. Chinese managers may have different emphases on IT resource/information sharing capability deployment for operational efficiency and effectiveness.     

信息共享对供应链绩效的影响

信息共享对促进整个供应链的绩效极为关键。随着顾客需求个性化的增加,为了实现供应链上信息共享,制造商将有可能同时采用直接销售渠道和零售渠道,并且通过一定的协议价格回购零售商所有未能卖出的商品。论文从这个新视角出发,研究信息共享对供应链绩效的影响。     

Dynamic mobile RFID-based supply chain control and management system in construction

Construction project control attempts to effectively obtain real-time information and enhance dynamic control and management via information sharing and analysis from involved participants of the projects to reduce construction conflicts and project delay. However, extending the construction project control system to job sites is considered inefficient since construction sites are unconventional practice. Integrating promising information technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, mobile devices-PDA and web portals can help improve the effectiveness and convenience of information flow in construction supply chain control systems. Radio frequency identification is appropriate for various construction applications, and provides cost savings through increased speed and accuracy of data entry. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a RFID-based supply chain management application called the mobile construction RFID-based dynamic supply chain management (M-ConRDSCM) system in construction projects, demonstrating that it responds efficiently and enhances the information flow among offices and sites in a construction supply chain environment. The M-ConRDSCM system is then applied to a selected case study involving a High-Tech factory building in Taiwan to verify the proposed methodology and demonstrate the effectiveness of information sharing of project control in the construction phase. The advantage of the M-ConRDSCM system lies not only in improving work efficiency for on-site engineers, but also in providing dynamic operation control and management to enable project participants to control the whole project. Moreover, this study presents a generic system architecture and its implementation.     

区块链下的仓单质押银企演化博弈分析

随着中小企业仓单质押融资过程中的仓单造假、违约现象的频发,银行面临的监管压力也逐渐增大,银企之间的矛盾难以得到解决。区块链技术的产生为银行的监管提供了便利,它能够实现交易信息的共享,使得融资更加透明化。建立了银行和中小企业双方的演化博弈模型,根据演化相位图中均衡点的位置,计算和分析了信息共享因素和区块链技术因素对模型的影响,探讨双方的决策变化及演化路径,通过MATLAB进行数值仿真分析,进一步验证了计算结果的可靠性,最终结果表明信息共享激励和区块激励等因素会促使银行选择区块链监管,而信息共享风险和区块链成本等因素则相反,最后针对演化博弈模型的结果提出了一些相应的建议。     

沃尔玛的物流与供应链管理分析

现代社会的企业管理已经进入了物流与供应链管理时代,而随着信息技术的飞速发展,先进的物流管理信息系统在企业管理中发挥了日益重要的作用。因此,若能在企业管理中实现物流供应链管理与高科技战略相结合,企业将获得巨大的成功。     

Assessing the value of information sharing and its impact on the performance of the various partners in supply chains

With major developments in information and communication technologies, real-time information sharing becomes a significant challenge and has a considerable impact on the overall performance of supply chains. Here, we study the influence of information sharing for a monoproduct serial supply chain consisting of a supplier, warehouse, retailer and customers in the context of a decentralized decision. The objectives of this study are twofold: (1) to estimate the gains from sharing different types of information on each elementary cost and for each partner of the supply chain in detail and (2) to determine the cumulative impact of simultaneously sharing different types of information.A mathematical model is developed to assess the value of information sharing in terms of logistic costs and for different combinations related to the sharing or non-sharing of three types of upstream and downstream information: the customer demand and the supplier-warehouse and warehouse-retailer lead times. A perturbation is also injected to consider the intended or unintended distortion in the communicated information.Our study clearly showed that the gains are not cumulative when we simultaneously share different types of information. The results also highlighted the necessity to establish incentive cooperation mechanisms between the different links in the supply chain in many scenarios where the gains are not balanced. A distortion in the communicated information can also have a significant effect on the gains from sharing.