建筑铝材表面处理及其性能研究

选用建筑铝材6063-T6作为基体,分别采用硬质阳极氧化和草酸阳极氧化进行表面处理.比较了未处理及处理后试样的微观形貌、物相、显微硬度、耐磨性能和耐蚀性能,结果表明:硬质阳极氧化和草酸阳极氧化处理后铝材的微观形貌和表面粗糙度与未处理铝材相比有所不同,硬质氧化膜与草酸氧化膜相比较为平整致密.未处理铝材的表面成分以Al元素为主,主要物相为Al相,处理后铝材的表面成分以Al和O元素为主,主要物相为Al相、α-Al2O3相和γ-Al2O3相.硬质阳极氧化和草酸阳极氧化处理后铝材的显微硬度较未处理铝材分别提高了约274 HV、191 HV,摩擦系数明显减小,耐蚀性能有较大程度提高.硬质阳极氧化是提高建筑铝材表面性能的有效措施,在提高建筑铝材的耐蚀性能方面,草酸阳极氧化替代硬质阳极氧化具有可行性.     

铀酰配合物光催化剂的应用研究进展

光催化是目前处理有机污染物广泛应用的技术之一。铀酰配合物在光照下可被激发形成活性催化中心,通过分子间能量的转移氧化有机物,可作为新型的光催化剂。对光催化材料的研究现状、铀酰配合物的结构特点进行了分析,详细阐释了铀酰配合物光催化剂的应用研究进展,并简述了铀酰配合物光催化机理,为新型铀酰光催化材料的研发提供了借鉴。     

乙酸乙酯萃取单宁在玻碳电极上示差脉冲伏安研究

用乙酸乙酯对单宁进行纯化处理,研究了样品、在玻碳电极上示差脉冲伏安差异。实验结果：样品、萃取物、萃余物水溶液分别在0．40-0．386v出现氧化峰,萃取物1—0．4285g／L浓度范围内与其峰电流呈线性关系;同时进行了金缕梅植物单宁含量测定实验。     

水中致嗅物电氧化处理法及机理研究

文章研究了利用电氧化法处理南方某运河水中的致嗅物的氧化机理及影响致嗅物去除率的因素。研究了影响电氧化去除效果的电解时间、极板距离和电解电压。氧化时间存在一个最佳值,达到最佳值后再延长反应时间,致嗅物的去除率不变。在电极板距离相差不是很大的情况下,极板间距对致嗅物的去除率影响较小。电极电压对致嗅物的处理效果的影响是呈现随着电压增加致嗅物的去除率降低,达到12 V时,除嗅效果达到极限值,电压继续增加去除率略有所变化。从实验现象和数据可判断电氧化机理是直接氧化,是水分子在阳极表面产生OH自由基,OH对吸附在阳极表面的有机物产生氧化作用,从而将还原性致嗅物分解。     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金环保型阳极氧化及封闭处理研究

选用Ti-6Al-4V钛合金作为基体在环保型电解液中制备阳极氧化膜,然后分别浸没在沸水、氟锆酸铵溶液、乙酸钙溶液中对阳极氧化膜进行封闭处理。采用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪表征和分析未封闭及封闭处理后阳极氧化膜的微观形貌、化学成分与物相结构,并配制酸性氯化钠溶液作为腐蚀介质,研究未封闭及封闭处理后阳极氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明：与未封闭阳极氧化膜相比,在沸水、氟锆酸铵溶液、乙酸钙溶液中封闭处理后阳极氧化膜中微孔数量减少,化学成分发生变化,耐腐蚀性能进一步提高,但封闭处理未影响阳极氧化膜的物相结构。在乙酸钙溶液中封闭过程中发生化学反应,生成水合二氧化钛、氢氧化钛、氢氧化钙和钛酸钙等多种产物,达到协同封闭效果,赋予封闭处理后阳极氧化膜良好的表面致密性,其耐腐蚀性能好于在沸水、氟锆酸铵溶液中封闭处理后阳极氧化膜,对钛合金的防护作用更强。     

高级氧化处理工业废水过程中的毒性变化研究进展

高级氧化技术常用于处理工业废水中的难生化降解污染物以提高该类废水的可生化性。然而,氧化过程中可能会产生比母体化合物毒性更强的中间产物,即氧化出水的毒性不一定随初始污染物的消除而降低,因此,反应过程中废水的毒性变化对高级氧化技术能否作为生化法处理难降解污染物的预处理技术至关重要。文章综述了发光细菌、藻类和水蚤等指示生物在高级氧化技术处理污染物过程中废水的毒性评估方面的应用及其影响因素分析。     

臭氧在深度净水中的应用现状和展望

臭氧处理作为有害化学物质的分解及病原性微生物的失活方法已引起瞩目。在净水处理中，臭氧处理以霉臭（异味的去除）、色度的去除、减少三卤甲烷生成量等为目的，已在40多个场所应用。在净水过程中，有在凝聚处理前进行的臭氧前处理，在沉淀和砂滤之间进行的臭氧后处理。和原水中溴化合物离子高的场合，抑制溴酸生成的技术非常重要，如果将溶解臭氧浓度控制在1mg／L一下，去除三卤甲烷前驱物等，即可达到臭氧处理的目的，溴酸离子的生成也可得到抑制。在利用臭氧进行深度净水中，作为新的技术发展，促进氧化处理（AOP）、臭氧和二氧化氯并用消毒、臭氧处理与膜的组合、高浓度臭氧的利用等受到瞩目。臭氧处理非常有效地适用于深度净水，但也何许多要素有待开发。     

PVC离心母液废水处理工程实例

针对PVC生产工段排放的聚合离心母液废水可生化性较差,进水温度高的水质特点,以及出水标准高的要求,设计采用前臭氧氧化-水解酸化-接触氧化-过滤-后臭氧氧化工艺进行处理,介绍了该工程的处理工艺流程、主要建(构)筑物设计参数、运行效果及成本分析.运行实践表明,在进水COD的质量浓度为350 mg/L,浊度为15 NTU,m...     

泛酸钙废水治理方法初探

采用蒸馏及好氧生物接触氧化相结合的方法处理泛酸钙含氰高浓度有机废水，其化学需氧量和氰化物的去除率达到９９％以上，出水指标达到国家排放标准，同时验证了新型好氧生物接触氧化塔的可靠性。     

氧化淀粉及其复配物阻垢性能的研究

研究了由食用玉米淀粉进行氧化或酸解后再氧化处理之后,对模拟循环冷却水的阻垢性能。结果表明,淀粉经过酸解后再氧化处理相对的阻垢性能较好,最好阻垢率达到58.28%。另外,将氧化酸解淀粉与焦性没食子酸、木质素、单宁、纤维素按照一定比例复配后,其阻垢性能大幅提升,最高淀粉与单宁1∶1复配物阻垢率可达到81.82%。     

Separation of diethylbenzene isomers by distillative freezing

Due to the close boiling points of the mixed diethylbenzene (DEB) isomers, it is rather complicated to separate them by distillation. A new separation technique, distillative freezing (DF), is successfully applied to separate p-DEB from the diethylbenzene isomers in this study. Basically, the DF process operates at a triple point condition, in which the liquid mixture is simultaneously vaporized and solidified due to the three-phase equilibrium. It results in the formation of pure crystals along with the liquid phase and vapor phase of the mixtures. The process can be continued until the liquid phase is completely eliminated and only the pure solid crystals remain in the feed. A model, whereby the DF process is simulated in a series of equilibrium stage operations, is proposed to direct the DF operation. In the model, each stage is operated under an adiabatic condition at a three-phase equilibrium. The experiments show that, in the p-DEB/m-DEB mixtures, p-DEB can be purified from 80% to 99% through several DF operations with the experimental recovery rate of p-DEB in one DF operation ranging from 58% to 77%. The unique feature of this new separation technique is that no filtration and crystal washing is required after the p-DEB crystals are obtained by DF.     

Dietary fiber potential in Iberian-American countries: food,products and residues

The reduced intake of dietary fiber (DF) has been associated with the increase in the incidence of several non-transmissible chronic diseases. Recently many researchers from Iberian-American countries have been studying DF of food and industrial residues in order to improve technological knowledge about concentrates production as well as the development and test of enriched products originated from regional food. The present study aimed to evaluate the regional DF potential based on compilation of data about this nutrient. There is great availability of regional and traditional food with considerable DF amounts as we may find in fruits, vegetables and cereals and legumes. Concentrated sources of DF obtained from different industrial residues were characterized and evaluated making possible their utilization in food enrichment. Cookies added to corn residues (16.8% DF in integral weight) in Colombia, and pasta added to lupine fiber in Chile (11.2%) are examples of tested enriched products. Products like bread with whole wheat (12%), products for especial uses as well as pills of citric DF (55%) and food for enteral diets (1-1.9%) are already available on Cuba market. The dietary fiber contents presented in this work allow us to have an idea of the potential of such nutrient in Iberian-American countries. Such potential has been proved to be considerably representative. It is worth to inform that the complete DF database is available on the CYTED X1.6/CNPq Project Web site (http://www.fcf.usp.br/cytedxi16). It provides data on 817 regional, traditional and not conventional foods, that can be searched and utilized by professional from different areas.     

芹菜中膳食纤维提取工艺研究

研究了酶解芹菜干粉末制备膳食纤维的生产工艺,对影响酶解的因素进行单因素实验。进而响应面实验。最终得出适宜的酶解条件为：加酶量10％（1×10^4U／g）、温度50℃、pH4．5～5．5,在此条件下获得的膳食纤维量较高。纯度分析表明,2种膳食纤维的纯度均较高,且含较多天然叶绿素。故不溶性膳食纤维（IDF）呈淡绿色,可溶性膳食纤维（SDF）呈乳白色。     

A comparative study on the performance, emission and combustion studies of a DI diesel engine using distilled tyre pyrolysis oil–diesel blends

Alternate fuels like ethanol, biodiesel, LPG, CNG, etc., have been already commercialised in the transport sector. In this context, pyrolysis of solid waste is currently receiving renewed interest. The disposal of waste tyres can be simplified to a certain extent by pyrolysis. In the present work, the crude tyre pyrolyisis oil (TPO) was desulphurised and then distilled through vacuum distillation. Also, two distilled tyre pyrolysis oil (DTPO)–diesel fuel (DF) blends at lower and higher concentrations were used as fuels in a four stroke single cylinder air cooled diesel engine without any engine modification. The results were compared with diesel fuel (DF) operation. Results indicate that the engine can run with 90% DTPO and 10% diesel fuel.     

去酸水用于钠离子交换树脂再生试验

根据离子交换原理，利用纺丝去酸水代替食盐、芒硝再生钠离子交换树脂，可以去除硬水中的钙离子和镁离子。再生阴床排出碱性废水加入去酸水中，可降低去酸水酸度，提高出水pH，出水水质达到软化水水质标推。用去酸水再生，可减少污染，降低纺丝工艺排水酸度，具有明显的社会效益和经济效益。     

Intake of dietary fiber in the Central American isthmus: nutritional implications

Mean intakes of dietary fiber (DF) were estimated in the population of Central America and Panama, using the results of dietary surveys conducted in 1969 and 1986 both in rural and urban areas, as well as data on the DF content of foods as consumed in the region. Data on preschool children were also estimated. The results indicated that DF intake in urban areas is lower than that of rural areas, particularly in Costa Rica and Panama. In 1969, intake varied from 32g in El Salvador to 15g in Panama in urban areas, while in rural areas intake was from 45g in El Salvador to 13g in Panama. The foods which contributed most to the total intake in Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras were tortillas and beans, while in Costa Rica and Panama, beans provided the largest intake. In preeschool children, intake was 12.5g in El Salvador and 5.4g in Costa Rica in 1969, which is the same tendency as that found for adults. From more recent data on food intake, it was found that DF intake had decreased in the rural areas of El Salvador, Honduras and Costa Rica, being between 4 and 9% in the first two countries and 12% in Costa Rica. In the urban area of the latter, from 1969 to 1986 a decrease in DF intake of around 20% has taken place.     

Prospects of novel hybrid methods for the activated chemical vapor deposition of diamond

High-intensity activation of the vapor phase is a necessary condition for diamond synthesis in the customary chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of diamond. In this paper a novel approach to activated CVD (ACVD) of diamond based on the combined or hybrid ACVD techniques will be discussed.By hybrid diamond ACVD we mean a technique that employs more than one way of activating the crystallization medium. Together with the basic activation mode, the hybrid method includes different supplementary activation modes that influence the physical and physico-chemical processes in the vapor phase and also on the diamond crystal surface. The role of added activation in changing the growth kinetics of diamond film (DF) and microcrystals has been considered. The published research works and our own data are indicative of the remarkable influence of added activation in such hybrid ACVD techniques as chemical transport reaction, HF (Hot Filament) or DC arcjet in combination with electrical activation, and also in MW ACVD with the addition of ultraviolet-irradiation. Along with the increase in the DF growth rate there also may be changes in the constitution and crystalline perfection of DF and microcrystals grown by hybrid methods. Depending on the combination of the methods used as well as the ratio of the activation levels and crystallization temperature the linear growth rate of diamond can be raised by 1.2–6 times as compared to the rate gained via the single-activation technique. It is a striking fact that the added power of the secondary activation may amount from several to several tens of percent of the main activation power. In conclusion the possible reasons for the growth gain obtained in the novel hybrid ACVD of diamond will be considered.     

Combination of the direct-forcing fictitious domain method and the sharp interface method for the three-dimensional dielectrophoresis of particles

In this paper, we combine the direct-forcing fictitious domain (DF/FD) method and the sharp interface method (SI) to resolve the problem of particle dielectrophoresis in three dimensions. The flow field is solved with the DF/FD method. The electric field governed by a Laplace equation with a jump coefficient across the particle surface is solved with the sharp interface (SI) method, and the dielectrophoretic force on particles is then calculated with the Maxwell stress tensor (MST) method. The main feature of our method is that both hydrodynamic and dielectrophoretic forces on particles are calculated with the interface-resolved methods instead of the point-particle model. The accuracy of the SI/MST method for the dielectrophoretic force without the consideration of the flow is validated via two problems: the electrostatic force on the particle in a non-uniform electric field, and the electrostatic force between two particles. The capability of the proposed DF/FD-SI/MST method is demonstrated with two numerical examples: the aggregation of particles due to the conventional dielectrophoretic force, and the motion of particles due to both conventional and traveling wave dielectrophoretic forces.     

Controlling three‐dimensional ice template via two‐dimensional surface wetting

Directional freezing (DF) is a fast, scalable, and environmental friendly technique for fabricating monoliths with long‐range oriented pores, which can be applied toward a wide variety of materials. However, the pore size is typically larger than 20 μm and cannot be spatially controlled, which prevent the technique from being used more widely. In this work, effect of wettability of the freezing substrate on the pore size of monolithic polyethylene glycol cryogels is studied. Smaller pores can be generated via more hydrophilic substrates, and tubular pores smaller 5 μm can be created using a poly(vinyl alcohol) coated copper substrate. A numerical fitting between water contact angle of the substrates and pore size is then obtained. Moreover, pore size can be locally varied duplicating wetting patterns of the substrates. The concept of using two dimensional patterns to build monoliths with three dimensional microstructures can probably be extended to other material systems. DF is an effecient and scalable processing method for fabricating materials with long‐range oriented pores. However, the smallest pore feature size reported is around 20 µm, which is in many cases too large for application such as separation and catalysis. We show here, with exemplary cryogels, that both spatial control and feature size reduction (by one order of magnitude) can be realized in DF by controlling the wettability of the ice growth substrate. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 4186–4192, 2016     

一种含氟聚合物洗涤净化过程的研究

通过研究含氟聚合物三相泡沫洗涤净化过程中洗涤水温度、搅拌速度和停留时间对洗涤效果的影响,进一步探索了不同洗涤方式下的洗涤耗水量。试验结果表明,最佳的洗涤条件为:洗涤水温度70℃,搅拌线速度0.53 m/s,停留时间3 min。逐渐增加单级洗涤水用量有利于节水;四级逆流洗涤可大大提高洗涤液的利用率,与单级洗涤水用量不变的洗涤方式相比,其节水率为65.4%;与单级洗涤水用量逐渐递增的洗涤方式相比,其节水率为59%。