改性膨润土对苯酚和苯胺吸附规律的影响

目的为了更有效地处理有机废水中的苯酚和苯胺,同时开发新型、高效和价廉的吸附剂.方法采用自制的改性膨润土作为吸附剂进行吸附实验,研究了在不同的pH值、吸附温度、初始质量浓度和吸附时间等条件下,改性膨润土吸附苯酚和苯胺单组分溶液的规律.结果改性膨润土对苯酚和苯胺的吸附量随着pH值的升高呈现下降的趋势;随着初始质量浓度的升高,吸附量呈现减小的趋势;随着吸附温度的升高,吸附量呈现下降的趋势;改性膨润土对苯酚的饱和吸附量约为2.1 mg/g,对苯胺的饱和吸附量约为3.7 mg/g.结论试验所得改性膨润土对苯酚和苯胺的吸附规律,可以为改性膨润土在水处理中的应用提供参考.     

克林沙星的吸附伏安特性及其应用

在0.2 mol.L-1KH2PO4-K2HPO4(pH6.80)底液中,克林沙星(CF)在汞电极上有一线性扫描还原峰,峰电位Ep=-1.46 V(vs.Ag/AgCl),该峰说明汞电极对克林沙星具有明显的吸附性。测得CF在汞电极上的饱和吸附量sГ=4.82×10-11mol.cm-2,每个CF分子所占电极面积为2.64 nm2,CF在汞电极上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式。测得吸附系数β=1.06×106,25℃时的吸附自由能ΔGθ=-32.13 kJ.mol-1,电极反应电子数n=2,不可逆体系动力学参量αna=1.44,表面电极反应速率常量ks=0.26 s-1。建立了吸附溶出伏安法测定CF的最佳条件,方法的检出限为2.0×10-8mol.L-1。     

崂山茶枕对甲醛的吸附特性研究

在一自制的可视密闭评价箱内,考察了崂山茶枕对甲醛气体的吸附性能,比较了由不同季节的崂山茶叶制得的茶枕在不同温度下其吸附性能的差异。结果表明,崂山茶枕能有效地吸附甲醛。随着温度的升高,茶枕的吸附能力逐渐上升,达到最高点后有下降的趋势;从18-42℃吸附率范围为91%-98%,最佳吸附温度段为32-37℃;秋茶枕由于叶间疏松,相对于春茶枕具有更好的吸附效果。     

Dynamic Adsorption of Toluene on Hierarchical Porous Carbons with Varying Pore Structure

Hierarchical porous carbon material (MMC) was successfully fabricated via hard template synthesis method by carbonization of furfury alcohol within the template (MCM-41).The prepared MMC was studied with characterization methods including scanning electron microscopy (SEM),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyses,and infrared spectral analysis (FTIR).To investigate kinetics of toluene adsorption of hierarchical porous carbon materials,the adsorption performances of these carbon samples with varying pore structure (MC-1,MMC,MMHPC) were analyzed via dynamic adsorption.And the Langmuir model and Freundlich equation were employed to correspond with adsorption isotherms to study the adsorption mechanism.The experimental results demonstrate that the Langmuir model is more appropriate to describe the adsorption process.The capacities of toluene adsorption follow the order of MMC MMHPC (micro-meso hierarchical porous carbon) MC-1(microporous carbon).MC-1 has satisfactory absorption performance due to its large pore volume and high ratio of micropores.MMHPC has excellent toluene adsorption performance for proper amounts of surface oxygen containing groups.Long saturation time,interconnected hierarchical pore channels,and large specific surface area make MMC also a promising material for VOCs treatment.These data reveal that the pore channel structure,rational pore distribution,high surface area and reasonable amounts of surface oxygen groups are the main factors contributed to excellent toluene adsorption performance,which proposes theoretical basis for hierarchical porous carbon materials to further engineering application.     

改性MCM⁃41孔内水分子吸附扩散行为的模拟研究

通过构建多种官能团负载的MCM?41骨架模型，使用GCMC与MD模拟方法计算了水分子在不同亲疏水性质的MCM?41孔内的吸附及扩散性质。结果表明，MCM?41材料的水吸附等温线主要为Ⅱ型；负载到MCM?41孔表面的亲水官能团能够与水分子形成氢键，因此对水分子的相互作用力较疏水官能团高约114.27%；MCM?41孔内水分子的扩散能力与表面官能团的亲水性呈正相关，亲水表面的材料内水分子的扩散系数相较于疏水表面扩散系数高约58.82%；证明了亲水表面的MCM?41材料在含水环境中对孔内水分子的吸附扩散行为具有一定促进作用。     

杏六区薄差储层水驱油特征

通过对杏六区薄差储层典型相对渗透率曲线进行筛选,采用流动系数作为权重系数对单层归一化后的曲线进行复合,得到复合相对渗透率曲线。由复合相对渗透率曲线可知,杏六区薄差储层具有残余油饱和度、束缚水饱和度小,驱油效率低,共渗区范围较窄的相渗特征。根据相对渗透率曲线计算含水率和采出程度,得出含水率与采出程度的关系曲线分为“凸”型和“S”型两种。通过研究杏六区薄差储层的驱油效率与渗透率、原油黏度、驱替压力梯度的关系曲线可知,驱油效率随渗透率、驱替压力梯度的增加而增加,随地层原油黏度的增加而降低。对驱油效率与微观结构孔隙参数进行相关性分析。结果表明,孔隙半径与驱油效率之间的相关系数最小,仅仅为0.090,驱油效率和喉道半径之间的相关性最大,相关系数为0.437;另外,微观孔隙结构参数中孔隙半径对驱油效率的影响较小,喉道半径与孔喉比对驱油效率的影响较大。     

水溶液中氟的吸附平衡模型研究进展

氟是人体必需的微量元素,但高浓度含氟废水对人体和环境会造成很大危害。吸附法是目前最常用的除氟方法,新型吸附材料也成为世界研究热点。吸附平衡模型广泛地应用于水中氟的吸附过程表征,研究这些模型对揭示吸附机理、设计除氟工艺和选择合适的吸附材料具有重要意义。对国内外水中氟吸附的平衡模型及其应用实例综述,其中最常用的是Langmuir和Freundlich平衡模型。由于各种模型都有其各自的优缺点和适用范围,单独使用某一种吸附模型不能精确地表征吸附剂对溶液中氟的吸附作用。今后应从具体的吸附作用机理角度改进氟的吸附平衡模型,或综合采用多种模型来分阶段表征氟的吸附过程,并且建立模型参数之间的联系,提高模型在实际应用中对选择合适吸附材料和最佳吸附工艺条件的指导作用。     

透气防毒服用活性微球炭孔结构及其吸附性能

在实验室条件下研制了透气防毒服用石油沥青基球形活性炭（PSAC），采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对其形貌进行了观察，通过BET测定对PSAC的孔结构进行了表征，同时以苯和四氯化碳为吸附质研究了PSAC静态吸附性能，并与普通粒状活性炭（GAC）进行对比，比较了PSAC和GAC的二次吸、脱附性能．实验结果表明，PSAC的孔径分布主要以微孔为主，PSAC的吸、脱附速度较快，再生性能优异，是一种高性能的炭质吸附材料．     

水中有机物和水处理工艺相关性分析

在介绍水中有机物典型分类方法的基础上,阐明了不同分类有机物与水处理工艺之间的关系。混凝沉淀主要去除水中大分子,憎水性的有机物,活性炭倾向于吸附中间分子量,与自身孔径分布相一致的憎水有机物,臭氧氧化出水分子量减小,适量臭氧投加量要可以增强有机物的可吸附性,憎水性的大分子有机物是纳滤成先去除的主要对象,同时这一部分有机物也是膜污染的主要原因。     

TiC陶瓷滤片的制备及其性能研究

在对TiC陶瓷的性能及其制备工艺进行分析研究的基础上,利用SHS/PHIP技术制备了致密的TiC-TiB2复相陶瓷材料,并对材料进行切割加工成型和清洗,得到和所需滤片形状相同的TiC-TiB2复相陶瓷片,然后再根据TiC和TiB2化学性能的差异,用王水的强腐蚀性溶解其中的TiB2陶瓷相从而得到孔隙大小均匀的、性能优异的TiC陶瓷滤片.用该方法制备的TiC陶瓷滤片,孔隙的直径范围在2~3μm,分布均匀,可以在任何性质的液体中使用,也可用于熔融金属液的过滤.     

有色噪声条件下的卡尔曼滤波

针对在实际工程中处理有色噪声存在滤波发散或结果失真的问题,提出一种有色噪声条件下的卡尔曼滤波方法。该方法利用线性变化,根据有色噪声相邻历元间噪声相关的特点,在动态噪声和观测噪声均为有色噪声的条件下,研究了卡尔曼滤波的方法,推导出有色噪声条件下卡尔曼滤波的递推公式。仿真结果表明,改进的方法比传统卡尔曼滤波对有色噪声信号处理效果更佳。     

陶瓷填料与光催化剂对反应器效率的影响

目的了解陶瓷填料与光催化剂对气体放电-光催化反应器净化效率的影响.方法通过理论计算、吸附实验和电容测试等方法对气体放电-光催化反应器所用的A、B两种陶瓷填料以及附着纳米TiO2光催化剂的B类陶瓷填料物理特性进行了分析.结果A类陶瓷的介电常数计算值大于B类陶瓷的计算值;介电常数的实验值为A类陶瓷相似文献   

Tracking with nonlinear measurement model by coordinate rotation transformation

A new filtering method is proposed to accurately estimate target state via decreasing the nonlinearity between radar polar measurements(or spherical measurements in three-dimensional(3D) radar) and target position in Cartesian coordinate. The degree of linearity is quantified here by utilizing correlation coefficient and Taylor series expansion. With the proposed method, the original measurements are converted from polar or spherical coordinate to a carefully chosen Cartesian coordinate system that is obtained by coordinate rotation transformation to maximize the linearity degree of the conversion function from polar/spherical to Cartesian coordinate. Then the target state is filtered along each axis of the chosen Cartesian coordinate. This method is compared with extended Kalman filter(EKF), Converted Measurement Kalman filter(CMKF), unscented Kalman filter(UKF) as well as Decoupled Converted Measurement Kalman filter(DECMKF). This new method provides highly accurate position and velocity with consistent estimation.     

基于多小波噪声方差阈值的信号滤波方法

对信号和噪声的多小波变换进行了研究，根据它们多小波变换下呈现出的截然相反的特征，即随着变换尺度的增大，噪声的变换值迅速减小，而信号的变换值增大，利用相关算法推导并给出了多小波噪声方差阈值的计算公式，基于阈值提出了一种新的多小波信号滤波方法，该方法在噪声方差估计的基础上，对噪声信号变换系数进行处理，减小由噪声产生的系数，同时最大限度地保留有效信号产生的系数，最后由处理后的变换系数进行处理，减少由噪声产生的系数，同时最大限度地保留有效信号产生的系数，最后由处理后的变换系数重构信号，对该方法用典型的GHM双小波进行了仿真分析，结果表明，本文的方法具有很好的滤波效果。     

Preparation and Characterization of Mg/Al/Fe Hydrotalcite with Superb Absorption Capacity toward Congo Red

Mg/Al/Fe layered double hydroxide(MAF-LDH_1) was prepared by solvothermal method with the sodium dodecyl sulfate as the template, and the ethanol system was benefit to growth of sample. The nature in the resulting MAF-LDH was investigated by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, and N_2 adsorption-desorption.The morphology of MAF-LDH_1 is petal-like with the size of 400-500 nm and the thickness about 10-20 nm. The adsorption performance of the samples was evaluated by absorption of the Congo red(CR) solutions. Compared with Mg/Al layered double hydroxide(MA-LDH), the maximum adsorption capacities of the MAF-LDH_1 samples were 943.4 mg/g which was greatly enhanced. Furthermore, after seven cycling tests, the adsorption performance was still up to 90%. Theoretical calculation results revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich model. This work provides a promising alternative strategy to enhance the adsorptive properties of hydrotalcite-like materials.     

高分子冠醚聚合物对水溶液中微量金属离子的富集分离

本文报导动态法研究高分子冠醚聚合物对水液中微量金属离子的吸附作用。测定了各种聚合物冠醚的富集百分率、富集容量、洗脱效率和富集分离效率;并对定影废液中微量金属银的分离、提取、回收进行了初步研究。     

高含水煤样的多元混合气体的吸附分析

对高含水煤样进行了三元混合气体（CH4,CO2,N2均为33．3％）的高压等温吸附试验,得出等温吸附曲线,并分析了三元混合气体在吸附过程中各组分体积分数的变化规律．结果表明,吸附曲线在煤样含水量高于5％时不遵循超出煤样平衡水分范围曲线不再变化的规律,而是吸附量低得多;吸附过程中各组分的体积分数是实时变化的,吸附能力强的气体吸附速率先快后慢,吸附能力弱的气体吸附速率先慢后快;在高压时吸附曲线没有明显变化．为更科学地计算煤层气资源量和可采潜力提供参考．     

A method of determining the permeability coefficient of coal seam based on the permeability of loaded coal

This study developed the equipment for thermo-fluid–solid coupling of methane-containing coal, and investigated the seepage character of loaded coal under different working conditions. Regarding the effective pressure as a variable, the variation characteristics of the gas permeability of loaded methane-containing coal has been studied under the conditions of different confining pressures and pore pressures. The qualitative and quantitative relationship between effective stress and permeability of loaded methane-containing coal has been established, considering the adsorption of deformation, amount of pore gas compression and temperature variation. The results show that the permeability of coal samples decreases along with the increasing effective stress. Based on the Darcy law, the correlation equation between the effective stress and permeability coefficient of coal seam has been established by combining the permeability coefficient of loaded coal and effective stress. On the basis of experimental data, this equation is used for calculation, and the results are in accordance with the measured gas permeability coefficient of coal seam. In conclusion, this method can be accurate and convenient to determine the gas permeability coefficient of coal seam, and provide evidence for forecasting that of the deep coal seam.     

介孔Ag-HMS分子筛的制备及其吸附脱硫性能研究

在HMS分子筛制备过程中添加过渡金属离子Ag＋,制得新型脱硫吸附剂Ag-HMS分子筛.通过模拟汽油静态吸附实验,考察其对噻吩和二苯并噻吩的吸附性能.研究表明,添加过渡金属离子Ag＋改性的Ag-HMS分子筛的吸附脱硫效果明显优于未改性的HMS分子筛.考察不同的制备条件对分子筛吸附脱硫性能的影响,结果表明,Ag/Si摩尔比0.02,反应温度为40℃,焙烧温度为550℃时,制得Ag-HMS分子筛的燃油吸附脱硫性能最佳.BET、XRD等表征结果表明,Ag-HMS分子筛较好地保持了原有的结晶度,比表面积、总孔容有所减小.     

高效水处理剂高铁酸盐的制备及应用

高铁酸盐是集消毒、氧化、絮凝、吸附等为一体的高效多功能环保型水处理药剂,广泛应用于饮用水净化和各种生产废水的净化处理．除了水处理领域,高铁酸盐还可用于有机物的氧化合成、电池材料等制造诸多方面,具有广阔的应用前景．综述了高铁酸盐的制备方法、性能和应用领域,分析了各种帝l备方法的局限性,提出了高铁酸盐制备、应用的过程中存在的问题和解决途径．