蒙特卡洛法在确定应力分布时的应用

根据蒙特卡洛法和有关应力的理论，在Visual c 6．0的环境下开发了蒙特卡洛法确定应力分布的通用程序。     

基于蒙特卡罗法的高速钢丝锥可靠性分析

高速钢丝锥主要失效原因之一是由断裂、崩刃所引起的破损失效,确定丝锥的可靠度对于自动化、高精密加工具有十分重要的意义。通过顺序统计量理论考虑丝锥受到冲击载荷的次数,并利用应力—强度干涉模型,以多次加工后切削刃上的最大扭转应力超过丝锥材料临界疲劳应力为失效判据建立高速钢丝锥的可靠度模型,并通过少量试验,结合蒙特卡洛法随机生成加工时分布在丝锥切削刃上的应力和丝锥材料临界疲劳应力,将得到的样本值进行比较,得出高速钢丝锥的可靠度。最终,通过恒应力加速试验对蒙特卡洛模拟法的计算结果进行了验证。     

用蒙特卡洛法计算可靠度的程序优化

本文用Ｃ语言开发了确定应力、强度分布和可靠度计算的软件,采用结构化、模块化的程序设计方法。在运算中采用一系列数值方法优化程序,加快了程序的运行速度,提高了计算精度。     

用改进的蒙特卡洛法求应力-强度系统的可靠度界

静态应力-强度系统的可靠度仅与应力和强度的干涉有关。应用概率统计的基本原理,在对干涉区间上应力和强度进行一定分析的基础上,提出了采用改进的蒙特卡洛模拟计算法求出系统可靠度界的新方法。计算结果表明：该算法与传统的蒙特卡洛法相比较,具有更高的精度,且计算简单,是计算应力-强度系统可靠度的一种行之有效的方法。     

电主轴与其内装转子过盈配合的可靠性分析

电主轴的主轴与其内装转子通过过盈配合传递转矩,其过盈配合可靠性设计是将配合面实际过盈量和有效结合半径看作是随机变量进行设计。利用蒙特卡洛法模拟出配合面处的广义应力、广义强度序列,通过卡方拟合优度检验说明其服从正态分布,并结合应力-强度干涉理论,建立了系统可靠度模型。比较蒙特卡洛法下求解的广义应力、广义强度的数字特征和点矩法下求解的广义应力、广义强度的数字特征,验证了该可靠度模型的正确性。分析了配合面结合半径、实际过盈量与主轴转速等对系统可靠度的影响。     

两种求解应力强度因子权函数方法的对比分析

对WXR权函数法和通用权函数法的特点进行了分析,并通过计算两种典型一维I型裂纹结构(有限宽板中心穿透裂纹、双边穿透裂纹)承受均布、梯度分布载荷下的应力强度因子,对两种权函数法的精度进行了对比评估。得到以下主要结论:对于二维线裂纹体WXR权函数法精度相对较高,但应用于三维面裂纹体时相对复杂亦不能表现三维效应,通用权函数法能够直接方便地适用于二、三维裂纹问题。两种权函数法对参考应力分布下的应力强度因子计算精度与对复杂非均匀应力分布下的计算精度基本一致,要保证其在复杂应力分布下具有较高的计算精度,必须提高参考应力强度因子解本身的精度。     

高速动车组齿轮副齿根裂纹应力强度因子数值计算

为研究高速动车组齿轮的齿根裂纹的应力强度因子,结合有限元法和作图法确定了裂纹萌生位置。基于线弹性断裂力学理论,以Abaqus为工具,研究了齿根初始裂纹前缘不同节点处的应力强度因子大小及变化规律,通过对比,确定Ⅰ型应力强度因子在裂纹扩展中占主导地位;在此研究的基础上,探讨了Ⅰ型应力强度因子随载荷、裂纹半径、裂纹形状等因素的变化规律。结果表明,载荷对Ⅰ型应力强度因子大小影响最为显著且呈线性关系;裂纹形状对Ⅰ型应力强度因子在裂纹前缘的分布规律影响十分明显。     

液压机液压系统的可靠度预计软件开发

针对液压机液压系统的可靠性现状和使用要求,采用应力强度模型方法,结合蒙特卡洛仿真法,利用MATLAB语言开发了液压机液压系统的可靠性预计软件,并通过10MN液压机和橡胶压块机进行举例验证。     

天然气压缩机组效率不确定度评定研究

为了提高气田天然气压缩机组的节能监测水平,以某气田增压站ZTY470整体式天然气压缩机组为研究对象,使用蒙特卡洛法和GUM法分别评定压缩机组的效率不确定度;应用蒙特卡洛法的评定结果,对GUM法进行适用性验证;通过蒙特卡洛局部敏感性分析,确定压缩机组效率测试模型中各输入参数对效率不确定度的影响.结果表明:蒙特卡洛法计算压...     

研究冷挤压孔附近残余应力强度因子分布的激光散斑一权函数混合法

根据确定裂纹应力强度因子权函数法基本理论的特征,提出实验力学-权函数混合法的构想,为解决更复杂和三维问题等难题提供一种有效的新途径.用激光散斑-权函数混合法研究了冷挤压孔附近残余应力强度因子的变化规律,得到的结果对冷挤压孔加工工艺中控制裂纹长度,提高构件的疲劳寿命和可靠性设计可起到指导性的作用.     

Research of stress intensity factor of V-shaped notch tip in precision cropping

For carrying out the precise cropping of metal bar with different geometrical sizes, it is very important to obtain the reasonable stress intensity factor of V-shaped notch tip rapidly and accurately. At first, a new precise cropping method, which is the high-speed peripheral low-stress bending fracture cropping is presented in the paper, and its working mechanism is also given in detail. The stress field near V-shaped notch tip is analyzed, and the stress extrapolation method is presented to compute the stress intensity factor of V-shaped notch tip. Based on it, the correctional expression of theoretical stress intensity factor in a handbook of stress intensity factor is also given. The contrasts between stress intensity factor results obtained by means of the stress extrapolation method and the corresponding theoretical results in the handbook of stress intensity factor are also carried out in detail. The results show that the two errors are not more than 5 % and are within a reasonable engineering range. The cropping experimental results for initial loading force and crack propagation life have also confirmed that the correctional expression of theoretical stress intensity factor is feasible.     

压电材料中螺型位错和偶极子与半椭圆槽表面裂纹的干涉效应

运用弹性复势方法,研究纵向剪切和面内电场共同作用下无限半平面压电材料中螺型位错和偶极子与半椭圆槽表面裂纹的电弹干涉效应,得到该问题复势函数的封闭形式解答,并由此导出广义应力场、裂纹尖端的广义应力强度因子以及作用在螺型位错上的位错力.算例结果表明:增大材料压电常数会相应增大位错力、位错对裂纹尖端的屏蔽和反屏蔽效应;增大位错离裂纹尖端的距离,位错力会相应减小;变化φ(偶极子臂与x轴正半轴夹角)值会出现一个改变位错偶极子对应力强度因子作用方向的临界值.     

An upper bound method for analysis of three-dimensional deformation in the flat rolling of bars

A new upper bound method for the analysis of three-dimensional deformation in the flat rolling of bars is proposed. In the conventional upper bound method, stress distribution is not calculated. Hence, a new method of calculating stress distribution is proposed in which the hydrostatic stress in each element and the contact stress on the contact surface between material and roll in each element are calculated. In the conventional upper bound method, the structure of the computer program also depends highly on the kinematically admissible velocity fields assumed. Hence, a new method of analysis in which the structure of the computer program depends minimally on the kinematically admissible velocity fields assumed is proposed. In the analysis of strip rolling, the calculated roll force and roll torque agree with the roll force and roll torque calculated from Sims’ slab method. In the analysis of the flat rolling of bars, the calculated width spread agrees with the width spread obtained by experiments reported in the literature. The effects of a reduction in thickness, roll radius, material width-to-height ratio, front tension, back tension, and front and back tensions on the width spread, forward slip, roll force and roll torque are demonstrated. Hence, the validity of the new upper bound method is confirmed.     

Research of effects of bar geometric parameters on initial external force in precision cropping

In precise cropping of the metal bars with different geometrical parameters, it is very important to obtain the reasonable initial external forces required by the bars rapidly and accurately. Stress concentration factor and stress intensity factor are proposed to calculate the initial external force accurately in this paper according to geometrical sizes of metal bars. By means of numerical simulation and linear fitting method, the correctional expressions of stress concentration factor and stress intensity factor of V-shaped notch tip, which include the geometric parameters of the bar, are obtained respectively and the error analyses are also performed. The ratio of the depth of V-shaped notch to the diameter of the bar is presented to be a condition parameter. The numerical analytical results show that the method of stress concentration factor can be used to calculate the initial external force accurately when the ratio of the depth of V-shaped notch to the diameter of the bar is more than 0.05, and the method of the stress intensity factor can be used when the ratio is less than 0.05. The calculating formulas of reasonable initial external forces for the bars with different geometrical parameters are also given. The cropping experimental results have confirmed that it is feasible that the reasonable initial external forces required by the bars with different geometrical parameters are calculated effectively by using the stress concentration factor or the stress intensity factor in precision cropping.     

基于蒙特卡罗法的MEMS测力计不确定性分析

由于结构尺寸小,微电子机械系统(MEMS)的性能易受到加工工艺过程中各种不确定因素的影响,设计阶段存在着不确定性。本文针对一种典型的MEMS测力计进行不确定性分析,在考虑大挠度变形的条件下,基于完备椭圆积分解给出了测力计的载荷-位移模型,模型结果表明测力计在位移超过30μm后表现出显著的非线性。基于该模型,综合考虑材料参数和结构尺寸参数的随机性,研究了测力计不确定性分析的蒙特卡罗法,并给出了直接对蒙特卡罗抽样数据实施线性回归获得各参数敏度的计算方法,用于便捷地分析各参数对测力计不确定性的贡献。所得到的结果与文献吻合非常好,验证了该方法的正确性和有效性,并为测力计的鲁棒设计以及工艺改进提供参考。本文给出的系统不确定性分析方法具有通用性强、使用简单等优点,同时避免了对解析模型的依赖,证明其可应用于难以显式表达输入与输出关系的系统的不确定性分析。     

连杆裂断力参数的数值分析及其裂断质量研究

针对基于连杆裂断时所需裂断力的问题,利用断裂力学理论及有限元方法,采用KIC判据对与拉杆位移、裂断力及应力强度因子KI三者关系展开了研究。通过数值分析求解了应力强度因子达到断裂韧性KIC时拉杆所需的位移,以确定拉杆提供的裂断力。理论分析结果显示:裂纹槽宽为0.2 mm、槽深为0.4 mm的BYD473连杆,拉杆在位移27.25 mm处,连杆应力强度因KI达到断裂韧性KIC,此时连杆裂断所需的裂断力为32.75 kN,拉杆裂断力与应力强度因子KI呈线性关系。采用实验的方法分析了连杆裂断所需的裂断力及连杆的裂断质量。研究结果表明,连杆裂断时,所需的裂断力为32.75 kN,连杆裂断质量良好。数值分析与裂断实验数据对比结果显示,数值分析误差为11.4%,数值分析结果良好,可为液压系统参数的确定提供理论依据。     

陶瓷拉丝模在稳态拉拔状态下应力应变分析

在研制完成陶瓷拉丝模的基础上,利用数学计算和有限元法分析在稳态拉拔过程中,拉拔力与拉丝模应力的关系及拉丝模应力分布。通过论述,可以得到在稳态拉拔过程中,被拉拔线材的屈服强度、拉丝模工作锥半角、拉丝模与线材之间的摩擦系数对拉丝模应力应变的影响及拉丝模在拉拔力作用下内孔面应力应变分布     

扭力杆弹簧过渡部分应力集中的理论探讨及有限元分析

应用应力函数法探讨了变直径圆轴扭转的弹塑性理论，建立应力集中的应力协调方程。采用分离变量法求解该应力协调方程，并根据扭力杆的扭转确定其解的边界条件。最后，针对具体的扭力杆，采用有限元分析软件，对其过渡部分的应力集中进行了分析。     

基于 ANSYS 的接管许用外载荷的计算

确定接管的许用外载荷,是压力容器及管道设计中的难点。借助有限元分析软件 ANSYS,对一换热器封头处的接管连接结构进行三维有限元强度计算。为求得该结构的许用外载荷,以安定性原理为基础,通过在管口3个不同方向上施加外力及外力矩,得到外载荷对各部位一次加二次应力强度 SⅣ的影响规律。从而估算出各个方向可单独承受的外力及外力矩,以确定危险外力和外力矩组合,进而得到该结构的组合承载能力。此种计算及处理方法值得同行业借鉴。