Boundary element simulation of size effect in quasi-brittle aggregate materials

0　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｉｓａｃｏｍｍｏｎｓｅｎｓｅｔｈａｔｍａｎｙｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｓｔｒｕｃ ｔｕｒｅｓｍａｄｅｏｆｈｅｔｅｒｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓａｇｇｒｅｇａｔｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｓｕｃｈａｓｃｏｎｃｒｅｔｅ ,ｒｏｃｋｓ ,ｃｅｒａｍｉｃｓ ,ａｎｄｖａｒｉｏｕｓｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅ ｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｅｄｏｒｆｉｂｅｒｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｅｄｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｓｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅａｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｂｒｉｔｔｌｅｎｅｓｓａｎｄａｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｓｔｈｅｉｒｓｉｚｅｉｎｃ…     

脆性材料断裂韧性的单一尺寸试件测定方法

脆性或准脆性材料(混凝土,陶瓷,大理石,岩石等)的断裂韧性随试件的大小而改变,具有明显的尺 寸效应．通常情况下描述材料尺寸效应的Bazant尺寸效应律是建立在一系列相似试件的基础上通过实验方 法确定的．提出了一种新的用单一试件测定断裂韧性的实验方法和计算公式,即采用含不同裂缝长度的单一 尺寸试件测定材料的断裂韧性与相似试件测定方法相比,测定结果吻合很好,该方法具有很强的实用性、便 于在实验室环境下用小试件测量,计算方法也很简便．     

Size effect of fracture characteristics for anisotropic quasi-brittle geomaterials

Understanding the size effect exhibited by the fracture mechanism of anisotropic geomaterials is important for engineering practice. In this study, the anisotropic features of the nominal strength, apparent fracture toughness, effective fracture energy and fracture process zone(FPZ) size of geomaterials were first analyzed by systematic size effect fracture experiments. The results showed that the nominal strength and the apparent fracture toughness decreased with increasing bedding plane inclin...     

高温后混凝土断裂全过程的裂缝扩展阻力曲线

采用楔入劈拉法试验,设置20～600 ℃共10组温度,试件尺寸统一采用230 mm×200 mm×200 mm,初始缝高比为0.4.根据试验得到的荷载-开口位移曲线（P-CMOD）求得应力强度因子曲线（K曲线）.基于虚拟裂缝黏聚应力,对高温后混凝土断裂全过程的裂缝扩展阻力曲线进行求解.将混凝土断裂全过程划分为4个部分,裂缝黏聚应力呈Petersson双线性软化曲线分布.计算表明,在某一特定温度下,裂缝扩展阻力曲线随裂缝扩展长度的增加而增长;阻力曲线随温度的上升呈下降趋势.对应力强度因子曲线与裂缝扩展阻力曲线进行裂缝扩展的稳定性分析.结果表明,当裂缝扩展阻力曲线位于应力强度因子曲线上方时,裂缝稳定发展;反之,裂缝将失稳发展.该判据可以等同于双K断裂准则,起裂韧度、失稳韧度是裂缝扩展阻力曲线上的2个关键点.     

Al2O3/(W, Ti)C纳米复合陶瓷材料的力学性能与强韧化机理

采用纳米和亚微米级的α-Al₂O₃,以及微米级的(W,Ti)C粉体为原料,制备了Al₂O₃/(W,Ti)C纳米复合陶瓷材料.在基体Al₂O₃含有体积分数为11%的纳米Al₂O₃时复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性达到最优,其抗弯强度、断裂韧性和硬度分别为840MPa,6.55MPa·m^1/2和20.1GPa.TEM实验表明,纳米颗粒的加入明显抑止了基体晶粒的长大,形成了典型的骨架结构,材料的断裂方式为沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂的混合.内晶型和晶间型第二相颗粒产生的残余应力场、断裂模式的改变和晶粒细化强化促进了复合材料抗弯强度和断裂韧性的提高.     

包覆法制备Gp/SiC复合材料的显微结构和性能

以不同粒径的石墨颗粒和SiC粉体为原料,采用SiC粉体包覆石墨颗粒的方法,于2000℃热压制备了石墨/碳化硅（Gp/SiC）复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM,EDS）分析了材料的金相和断口显微结构.研究表明,石墨粒径较小且质量分数较少的复合材料比石墨粒径较大且质量分数较多的复合材料在热压工艺中更致密.石墨颗粒呈岛状紧密地镶嵌在SiC基体中,石墨与SiC界面处C和Si的扩散不明显.复合材料的相对密度、抗折强度,断裂韧性和硬度随石墨粒径和质量分数的减少而增加.断口形貌表明SiC陶瓷基体为脆性,石墨为韧性断裂.当石墨粒径为125μm、SiC与石墨的质量比为3.5时,复合材料的综合性能最佳,开口气孔率为0.3%,相对密度为97.9%,抗折强度为75±15 MPa,断裂韧性为5.4±0.5 MPa.m1/2,硬度为26.8±3GPa.     

Tests and simulation analysis on fracture performance of concrete

To obtain the fracture parameters of concrete, fracture tests were conducted with three-point bending beam method aiming at 30 concrete beams with different sizes and different intensity. The concrete specimen with prefabricated crack to determine the fracture parameters of concrete were conducted and the fracture performance of the specimen was analyzed. The test results show that, initial fracture toughness is unrelated to the size of specimens; while unstable fracture toughness is related to the size of specimens. As for specimens of bastard size, when concrete intensity is relatively low, unstable fracture toughness increases along with the increase of intensity; when concrete intensity is relatively high, unstable fracture toughness will decrease; when concrete intensity increases continuously, unstable fracture toughness will further increase somewhat. As for specimens of standard size, unstable fracture toughness will increase along with the increase of intensity. Aiming at concrete beam specimens, we conducted two-dimensional non-linear finite element analysis, obtained the stress intensity factor, and carried out contrastive analysis with the experimental results.     

Effective Microstructure Unit in Control of Impact Toughness in CGHAZ for High Strength Bridge Steel

The high strength bridge steel was processed with the simulated coarse grain heat affected zone(CGHAZ) thermal cycle with heat input varying from 30 to 60 kJ/cm, the microstructures were investigated by means of optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM), electron backscattering diffraction(EBSD) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and the impact properties were evaluated from the welding thermal cycle treated samples. The results indicate that the microstructure is primarily composed of lath bainite. With decreasing heat input, both bainite packet and block are significantly refined, and the toughness has an increasing tendency due to the grain refinement. The fracture surfaces all present cleavage or fracture for the samples with different heat inputs. Moreover, the average cleavage facet size for the CGHAZ is nearly equal to the average bainite packet size and the bainitic packet boundary can strongly impede the crack propagation, indicating that the bainitic packet is the most effective unit in control of impact toughness in the simulated CGHAZ of high strength bridge steel.     

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of TiC／TiAl Composites

TiC/ TiAl composites with different TiC content were fabricated by rapid heating technique of spark plasma sintering ( SPS ). The effect of TiC purticles on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl matrix was imestigated. The results indicate that grain sizes of TiAl matrix decrease and mechanical properties are improved because of the addition of TiC particles. The composites display a 26.8% increase in bending strength when 10wt% TiC is added and 43.8% improvement in fracture toughness when 5ut% TiC is added compared to values of TiC-free materials. Grain-refinement and dispersion-strengthening were the main strengthening mechanism. The improvement of fracture toughness was due to the deflexion of TiC particles to the crack.     

《低温延性断裂韧度J_(IC)测试技术》J=J_(IC)的理论基础

论述了J_(IC)测试技术的理论基础,主要概括了三点:1、在定常裂纹中,当HRR场大到足够包围断裂过程区时,J积分就是断裂参量,其临界值J_(IC)就是材料的一种断裂韧度;2、在扩展裂纹中,只要满足J控制裂纹扩展条件,J积分仍然是断裂参量,J_R曲线就表示材料的一种性能,而J_(IC)就是J_R曲线上的一个点;3、根据上述二点,利用J_R曲线就可以测定材料的断裂韧度J_(IC),而且J_(IC)可以是J_R曲线上的条件值。     

弹体材料不同偏移量脆性带的破碎过程模拟

为了优选弹体材料脆性带加工方案,增强弹丸杀伤威力,提高材料利用率,运用有限元软件ANSYS的显示动力学部分,分别对不含脆性带、含有对称分布以及有偏移量的十字形脆性带合金钢试件断裂过程进行了模拟.通过网格和应力波变化图以及冲击过程中锤头所受阻力加速度和能量转化的对比分析,结果表明:含脆性带的试件比不含脆性带的试件冲击时更易断裂;含脆性带试件断裂先产生应力的位置是脆性带附近,断裂沿脆性带发生;将对称分布和有偏移量的脆性带试件断裂过程对比,能量转化值与锤头所受阻力加速度值相近,说明脆性带的偏移量对试件断裂影响不显著.     

Effect of fine precipitates on initiation and propagation of micro-cracks in low alloy Cr-Mo-V steel

0　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｃｏａｒｓｅｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｅｓ,ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙｔｈｅｇｒａｉｎｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｃａｒｂｉｄｅｓ,ｃａｎｃｒａｃｋｄｕｒｉｎｇｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｃｌｅａｖａｇｅｆａｉｌｕｒｅ,ｂｒｉｎｇｄｏｗｎｔｈｅｔｏｕｇｈｎｅｓｓｏｆｓｔｅｅｌｓ[1].Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｔｈｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｎｅｓｃａｌｅｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｅｓ(ｌｅｓｓｔｈａｎ100ｎｍｉｎｓｉｚｅ)ｏｎｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ…     

Coupled GIMP and CPDI material point method in modelling blast-induced three-dimensional rock fracture

Three-dimensional rock fracture induced by blasting is a highly complex problem and has received considerable attention in geotechnical engineering. The material point method is firstly applied to treat this challenging task. Some inherent weaknesses can be overcome by coupling the generalized interpolation material point (GIMP) and the convected particle domain interpolation technique (CPDI). For the media in the borehole, unchanged GIMP-type particles are used to guarantee a homogenous blast pressure. CPDI-Tetrahedron type particles are employed to avoid the fake numerical fracture near the borehole for the rock material. A blasting experiment using three-dimensional single-borehole rock was simulated to examine the applicability of the coupled model under realistic loading and boundary conditions. A good agreement was achieved between the simulation and experimental results. Moreover, the mechanism of three-dimensional rock fracture was analyzed. It was concluded that rock particle size and material parameters play an important role in rock damage. The reflected tensile waves cause severe damage in the lower part of the model. Rayleigh waves occur on the top face of the rock model to induce a hoop failure band.     

ZrO2含量对WC基复合材料的力学性能和微观结构的影响

摘要：以提高WC基复合陶瓷的断裂韧性和硬度为目标,利用ZrO2作为材料粘结剂和增强相,同时引入Al2O3添加相,采用热压烧结工艺成功制备了WC-ZrO2-Al2O3(WZA)复合刀具材料.在此基础上,添加一定量的VC作为晶粒生长抑制剂和助烧剂,以实现材料最大程度的致密化.并对热压后复合材料的硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性进行了测试和分析.探讨了ZrO2含量对材料微观结构和力学性能的影响,研究了复合材料断面断裂方式和材料相的组成.     

钢框架节点焊缝应力强度因子的参数分析

为定量地确定荷载作用下钢框架梁柱节点焊缝应力强度因子的大小，提出了断裂力学与有限元分析相结合的方法.有限元分析采用ANSYS软件.判断焊缝开裂的依据是Ⅰ型应力强度因子，应力强度因子通过积分的方法求得.通过有限元计算分析了初始裂缝深度对梁柱节点焊缝应力强度因子的影响,所分析的参数还包括梁截面尺寸、柱截面尺寸、梁柱长度和焊脚尺寸.分别研究了梁上翼缘和下翼缘焊缝的应力强度因子随参数的变化情况.参数分析结果表明，梁下翼缘焊缝比上翼缘更容易开裂，应力强度因子与梁截面参数是增函数关系，与柱截面参数是减函数关系.最后，得出了应力强度因子计算公式.     

硬质合金耐磨堆焊材料断裂与韧性的研究

通过对不同类型硬质合金复合耐磨堆焊材料冲击试验的研究,探讨了影响堆焊层韧性的因素,观察分析了其断口形貌和断裂机理.结果表明,堆焊材料的冲击韧性与断口上硬质合金颗粒的面积分数、堆焊方法以及基体金属的显微组织有关,主要取决基体金属韧性和含量.基体金属的韧性越好、含量越多,堆焊材料的韧性越高.在冲击载荷作用下,基体金属断裂表现为高塑性的韧窝断裂,且存在一定撕裂棱,而硬质合金的断裂为脆性穿晶解理断裂或沿晶断裂.     

2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头裂纹尖端张开位移（CTOD）试验研究

采用裂纹尖端张开位移(crack tip opening displacement,CTOD)试验研究了2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊(friction stir welding,FSW)接头各区域的断裂性能,分析了搅拌摩擦焊接头组织结构对接头断裂性能的影响.研究结果表明,2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的断裂呈韧性,但接头各区域韧性分布呈现明显的不均匀性,焊核区断裂韧性最好,热机影响区和热影响区次之,但均高于母材的断裂韧性.     

用包粘法制备GRTP预浸料及其性能研究

介绍了一种新的制备玻璃纤维增强热塑性树脂的予浸方法－－包粘纤维法（cladding fibre method)，并用这种方法制成的包括纤维加工成模压试件。研究了界面层中增塑剂的含量对复合材料的机械性能，如宏观弯曲强度，弯曲模量，弯曲断裂能，抗位强度，断裂韧性的影响。并用界面微脱粘试验仪（MTI）对度件的界面粘合力进行了测定。     

不同尺寸混凝土楔入劈拉试件双K断裂韧度试验研究与理论分析

为了研究不同尺寸的混凝土结构的断裂性能,设计了5组共20个不同截面高度的楔入劈拉试件进行混凝土断裂试验.改进了试验加载装置以抵消竖向力的作用,简化了分析计算.在双K断裂理论的基础上,采用应力强度因子叠加原理对不同截面高度的楔入劈拉试件的有效裂缝长度和双K断裂韧度进行了计算.试验结果表明:在200~700 mm设计的截面高度范围内,试件起裂荷载、失稳荷载及有效裂缝长度均随截面高度的增大而呈线性增大;起裂断裂韧度基本不受试件高度变化的影响;失稳断裂韧度在试件截面高度低于500 mm时表现出一定的尺寸效应,随试件高度增大而逐渐增大,当试件截面高度大于500 mm时其值趋于稳定,可认为是一个常数.     

确定现代陶瓷材料断裂韧度的人字形裂纹法

人字形裂纹法是测量脆性材料平面应变断裂韧度K_1值最有效的方法。试验期间,裂纹在人字形切口的端部形成,随着载荷的增加而稳定地扩展。人字形切口法的优点是在加载试验的早期阶段就自然形成了一个锐型裂纹,而不再需要制作预裂纹。对于特定的试样和裂口几何形状,最大荷载与裂纹长度有关,而与材料无关。用此最大荷载可以确定断裂韧度,而不再需要测量裂纹的长度。