Analyses of Transformation Kinetics of Carbide-Free Bainite Above and Below the Athermal Martensite-Start Temperature

The isothermal transformation kinetics of austenite decomposition in Fe-0.4C-2.78Mn-1.81Si was analyzed by an electrical resistivity technique in the temperature interval 723 K to 418 K (450 °C to 145 °C). The analysis of transformation kinetics of the bainite transformation was performed using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolgomorov (JMAK) and Austin–Rickett (AR) approaches. The kinetic parameters, the reaction constant n, rate constant k = k(T), and apparent activation energy Q were evaluated for isothermal transformations below and above the martensite-start temperature M _S  = 548 K (275 °C), which was determined experimentally. The formation of strain-induced martensite, which starts to accompany the bainite transformation at just above M _S , increases the rate of transformation and decreases the apparent activation energy of austenite decomposition.     

Isothermal Transformation of a CMnSi Steel Below the MS Temperature

After applying an austenitizing heat treatment above A _c3 followed by quenching to a temperature below the martensite-start (M _S ) temperature, an isothermal transformation was observed by means of dilatation measurement in a low-alloyed, low-carbon steel. The precise nature of this isothermal transformation below the M _S temperature is still unclear. The present contribution is a comprehensive comparison of the main difference between the isothermal transformation below the M _S temperature and the athermal martensitic transformation using electron microscopy and internal friction measurements. The mechanical properties of the transformation product also were characterized. The observations revealed that the isothermal transformation product below the M _S temperature had its own characteristic microstructure with a Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationship with the parent austenite and without carbide precipitation.     

Hospitals prove that community spirit can be contagious

Faced with outdated facilities and a declining neighborhood, two hospitals made a commitment to stay and invest in their community/Their efforts began a virtual rebirth of the neighborhood.     

基于SHT75温湿度传感器的红薯育苗监测系统研究

采用C8051F120单片机设计并实现了一个温湿度监测系统.该系统采用SHT75温湿度传感器实现育苗室中温湿度的检测,满足温湿度测量精度的要求;同时在SHT75 温湿度传感器数据传输过程中进行CRC 数据校验,从而保证了测量数据的可靠性;并实现了相对湿度、温度与露点的实时数显功能.该系统控制温度范围广泛、可靠性强、使用灵活,达到了预期效果.     

Direct evidence that apoptosis enhances tumor responses to fractionated radiotherapy

Currently, the contribution of cellular apoptotic sensitivity to tumor response after radiation therapy remains controversial. To address this issue, the survival of Rat-1 fibroblasts containing a 4-hydroxytamoxifen-regulated c-Myc allele, c-MycER (T. D. Littlewood et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 23: 1686-1690, 1995), after single and fractionated doses of radiation was investigated. This model system allows pharmacological regulation of apoptosis sensitivity in the same cells in vitro and as xenograft tumors derived from these cells in vivo (G. I. Evan et al., Cell, 69: 119-128, 1992; R. M. Alarcon et al., Cancer Res., 56: 4315-4319, 1996). Activating c-MycER in vitro resulted in marked sensitization of Rat-1 fibroblasts to the effects of both single-dose and fractionated irradiation as measured by the induction of apoptosis and clonogenic survival. Overexpression of the antiapoptosis protein Bcl-2 suppressed the induction of apoptosis and increased clonogenic survival in cells with activated c-Myc after single-dose and fractionated radiation. Systemic time-release implant delivery of 4-hydroxytamoxifen to severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing Rat-1-MycER tumors over the course of either single-dose (10 Gy) or fractionated (five fractions of 2 Gy) radiotherapy resulted in prolonged tumor growth delay relative to identical tumors from mice that received placebo implants. Furthermore, tumors derived from Rat-1-MycER cells that overexpressed Bcl-2 exhibited shorter tumor growth delays relative to similarly treated Rat-1-MycER tumors. The length of tumor growth delay after single-dose or fractionated radiotherapy strongly correlated with the extent of radiation-induced apoptosis in the xenograft tumors as measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling. These in vivo results provide direct evidence that increasing the sensitivity of tumor cells to die by apoptosis increases the efficacy of fractionated radiotherapy by reducing tumor cell clonogenic survival.     

Evidence that a phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-binding protein can function in nucleus

PIP3BP is a phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-binding protein (PIP3BP) abundant in brain, containing a zinc finger motif and two pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. Staining of rat brain cells with anti-PIP3BP antibody and determination of localization of PIP3BP fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP-PIP3BP) revealed that PIP3BP was targeted to the nucleus. Targeting was dependent on a putative nuclear localization signal in PIP3BP. Generation of PIP3 in the nucleus was detected in H2O2-treated 293T cells, nerve growth factor (NGF)-treated PC12 cells, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-treated NIH 3T3 cells. Translocation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) to the nucleus and enhanced activity of PI 3-kinase in the nucleus fraction were observed after H2O2 treatment of 293T cells, suggesting that PI 3-kinase can be activated in the nucleus as well as in the membrane after appropriate stimulation of the cells. Co-expression of the constitutively active PI 3-kinase with PIP3BP resulted in exportation of the protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, suggesting that PIP3BP can function as a PIP3-binding protein in the intact cells. These results imply that there may be an unknown function of PI 3-kinase in the nucleus.     

Granular cell dermatofibroma. A benign tumor that can simulate malignancy

We report on an unusual dermatofibroma with granular cells. The dermatofibroma contained mitotic figures raising a differential diagnosis that included malignant granular cell tumor. Granular cell dermatofibroma is an uncommon variant, but one that clinicians and surgeons should become aware of to ensure accurate diagnosis.     

膨胀及原位观测法研究低碳贝氏体钢轨U25CrNi连续冷却相变

利用Formastor-F淬火膨胀仪热模拟和VL2000DX-SVF17SP高温激光共聚焦显微镜观察,研究了U25CrNi低碳贝氏体钢轨(/%:0.25C,1.73Si,1.69Mn,0.012P,0.002S,1.40Cr,0.57]Ni,0.49Mo,0.06V)从950℃以不同冷却速度连续冷却后的膨胀曲线和金相组织。结果表明,低冷速下(0.2℃/s),实验钢组织主要为贝氏体;随冷却速度增大至1℃/s,实验钢组织逐渐过渡为贝氏体和马氏体,且贝氏体板条尺寸随冷速增大而逐渐减小;当冷速达到2℃/s时,冷却过程中基本只发生马氏体相变,实验钢硬度随冷速增大而逐渐增大。