本刊速递

针对国家能源局发展规划司副司长何勇缝提到的我国石油进口中只有1／3是＂国油国运＂，有的专家表示这一比例甚至更低，只有16％。中国石油大学（北京）工商管理学院副教授陈守海对能源局提出的＂国油国运＂战略表示赞同。     

我国石油进口安全及国际合作潜力

阐述了当前世界石油贸易格局,利用回归分析方法对我国石油供需缺口进行了预测,结果显示,我国2010年石油供需缺口为2．33×10^8t,对外依存度达54％;在充分借鉴已有研究成果的基础上,从地缘政治格局、市场垄断性、进口集中度、油价波动和进口运输安全5个方面对我国石油进口安全性进行了分析,认为我国石油进口安全不容乐观;选取石油储量、产量、出口量和出口中国量4个指标变量,对19个石油资源国合作潜力进行聚类分析,确定今后我国获取海外石油的重点合作对象;提出了保障石油进口安全的相关政策建议,如健全石油储备机制,采取多种方式参与国际合作,实现进口来源多元化。     

我国组建大型油轮运输船队模式探讨

我国大型油轮运输业起步晚,如何在竞争激烈的国际油运市场立足,并不断扩大规模,进而逐步提高国油国运比例已成为我国远洋石油运输业发展的关键问题。我国远洋油运形势和组建大型油轮运输船队的必要性,并通过对主要发达国家和国际大石油公司的远洋船队的分析,提出我国组建大型油轮运输船队可采取的模式。     

中国油气资源可持续发展的分析

1991年以来我国石油消费快速增长,必须通过各种措施,尽最大努力把2020年石油消费量控制在4.5×108t以内。国内石油必须长期持续稳定生产,预计到2010年我国原油年产量将进入高峰期,达到约1.8×108t,维持到2020年是比较有把握的,如果新区有较大的发现,也可增加至2×108t。近年来,天然气工业发展迅猛,预计到2010年和2020年,天然气年产量将分别达到800×108m3和1200×108m3,加上进口的管道气和液化天然气,可以逐步改善能源结构。要实现这三大目标,保障油气资源可持续发展,就应该大力发展科学技术。     

2011年我国油气勘探获新突破

2012年2月23日,国土资源部召开新闻发布会,公布2011年我国石油天然气资源储量情况。2011年全国石油勘查新增探明地质储量13.70×108t,同比增长20.6%,是新中国成立以来第9次超过10×108t的年份。新增探明技术可采储量2.66×108t,同比增长21.4%。2011年石油新增探明地质储量大于1×108t的盆地     

BP神经网络视角下我国油企技术创新效率分析

<正>改革开放以来我国经济得到飞速发展,油气需求量不断攀升,国内产能无法满足消费需求。截至2018年,我国石油对外依存度已逼近70%,天然气对外依存度超过40%,超过美国成为世界第一大石油进口国。随着"一带一路"战略推进,我国石油企业要实现与富油国     

油运业谋变

中国进口石油90％的海运量被外国油轮分食,中国的油运船队心有不甘,“国油国运”提上政府议程。     

美国致密油开发现状及启示

美国页岩气勘探开发目前已进入快速发展阶段,同时也带动了页岩地层内致密油的开发。文中所指的致密油,是指以吸附或游离状态赋存于渗透率极低的暗色页岩、泥质粉砂岩和砂岩夹层系统中的自生自储、连续分布的石油聚集。目前,美国致密油的开发集中在Bakken,Eagle Ford和Barnett页岩区带内。其中Bakken致密油资源量为230×108t,可采资源量为5.9×108t,待发现资源量为3.7×108t油及相近数量的伴生气,2000年至今累计产油约2800×104t;Eagle Ford致密油赋存于区带北部,年产油约20×104t;Barnett待发现石油平均资源量为1400×104t,待发现致密油资源量为480×104t,其北区主要产油、南区主要产气,目前拥有8000余口生产井,截至2009年底,＂致密油带＂累计产油量达770×104t。我国广泛发育富有机质页岩,致密油的勘探潜力较大。     

哈萨克斯坦石油天然气工业发展现状及展望

哈萨克斯坦拥有丰富的石油天然气资源,近年来石油天然气工业发展迅速。为了弄清哈萨克斯坦未来油气出口规模以及中哈两国油气合作前景,有必要对哈萨克斯坦油气工业发展历史、现状及规划进行分析研究。研究表明:未来,哈萨克斯坦油气产量将进一步增长,到2030年石油年产量达到1.18×108 t,天然气612×108 m3(含煤层气等非常规气);能源出口国地位进一步巩固,石油出口规模达1×108 t,天然气则主要满足本国市场需求,出口规模较小。为此,中哈两国作为近邻,能源互补性强,石油合作具有广阔的前景。     

中国石油集团公司发展原油海洋运输业务探讨

随着中国石油海上原油进口量的不断增大,建立安全平稳的海上石油运输通道日益重要.通过分析中国石油发展原油海运业务的内外部环境,借鉴国外石油公司海运业务的发展历程和经验,认为目前并不是中国石油进入海运业务的最佳时机,但从长远和战略角度考虑,应本着"稳步、适度"的原则适时介入和发展原油海洋运输业务,并采用期租运力为主、自有运力为辅的运营模式.     

China Crude Oil Imports and Oil Market-oriented Reform

Crude oil imports in China are mainly carried out by state-owned entities with non state-owned entities as compliment. Crude imported by 5 state-owned entities accounts for 90% of the total imports, while non state-owned entities are about given more freedom in using and importing crude. In 2015 only, there were 13 companies granted with access to imported crude oil and 6 were qualified to import rights. Currently, there are 29 non-state-owned companies engaging in crude import business. China oil market is faced with severe challenges. The growth rate of oil demand declined, and dependence upon imported oil increased and reached as high as 61.26% in 2015. Refined oil demand growth also slowed down, and oil refining overcapacity got prominent and completion would become fiercer in future. Overcapacity was about 140 million tons per year in 2015. Consumption ratio of diesel to gasoline went on declining, and the task of product structure adjustment was heavy. China oil market is undergoing great transformation, and institutional mechanism will go ahead, on the basis of centering on orderly release of limitations on crude oil and refined oil import and export, orderly release of competitive business and government pricing of oil/gas downstream links, vigorous resolving of overcapacity, strengthening low-carbon development, and laying a solid foundation for guarantee.     

中国原油供求形势

分析了我国原油供求形势,预测了我国不同高峰原油产量及发展趋势,认为我国原油产量已进入高峰期,高峰平台在180～200 Mt/a,高峰平台还有望延续到2035年以后。按照常规原油储量和产量来看,我国原油供需矛盾是非常突出的,主要表现在:原油加工能力持续增长,近5年,全国原油加工能力与加工量分别增长了20.58%和29.36%,而同期世界原油加工能力仅增长3.57%。与此同时,中国炼油能力布局及企业规模调整也在加快。原油缺口和进口依赖形势更加严峻,进入本世纪以来,我国原油进口量和进口依存度同步增长,我国进口原油从2008年起就已经超出了进口依存度50%的警界线,而且越来越严重。目前我国进口原油主要从三条陆上运输管道和海上运输的方式进入国内原油运输管网。     

中国石化原油多元化国际投资战略研究

2010年我国进口原油2.39亿吨,原油对外依存度已经超过55%.截至2010年,三大石油公司的海外业务已遍及全球50多个国家和地区.中国石化海外原油产量从2008年的901万吨增长到2009年的1 700万吨.在当前"走出去"的大环境下,为保证我国的能源安全,中国石化也在积极寻求海外油源多元化投资.中国石化海外油源投...     

浓墨重彩话求进——中国石油石化公司2012年工作会议工作报告解读

春来花铺锦,雨过绿茵浓。一年一度的工作会议,既是各大石油石化公司的年度工作总结会,也是工作部署会,更像是一次向发展目标进军的誓师会。我国各大石油石化公司的年度工作会议主题报告,都是企业发展历程中重要节点的真实记录。当本刊记者认真研读中国石油、中国石化、中国海油、延长石油的2012工作会议报告和讲话时,     

New Perspectives to Sustain Energy Supply

China should try to free itself of excessive dependence on the world energy market and set up a self-reliant energy structure for the sustainable development of its growing economy. The country's dependence on energy imports has been rising in recent years. According to statistics released by General Administration of Customs,last year, the net crude oil imported by the world's third largest economy was 175 million tons against 189 million tons produced at home. That means for 50 percent of its crude oil demand, China is dependent on foreign markets.This poses a serious challenge to the country's energy security and its sustainable development.     

Energy Cooperation High on Agenda of Russian President

Russian President Putin arrived in Beijing on December 1 for a state visit to China. Before his departure from Moscow, President Putin said Russia and China should focus their cooperation on the economic areas including the energy and military technological fields. The agreement on oil transmission to China from Russia will be soon finalized because the long-term energy cooperation is in the interests of both sides. The annual oil transmission volume will be 20 million tons in 2005 and boosted to 30 million tons by 2010. China will import more than 700 million tons of crude oil from Russia within 25 years.     

Imports and Exports in the First Half of 2002

In the first half of 2002, oil processing volume in China reached 107.1 million tons, 1% more than that in the same period of last year. The imported crude took up 30.8% of the total volume processed, which is about the same as 30.2% for last year.……     

Analysis of China's Oil Imports and Exports in 2016

In 2016,China's net imports of crude oil increased to 378.3 million tons and its net exports of product oil soared to 20.45 million tons.Refinery crude runs continue to grow at a low rate,and the domestic product oil market still has a supply surplus.Diesel consumption fell for the first time in 21 years.The liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) market continues to grow rapidly,spurred on by feedstock demand for chemicals and gasoline blending components,and imports of LPG have reached a record high of 16.12 million tons.The refinery throughput of Petro China and SINOPEC had declined for 2 consecutive years,but crude oil imports climbed to a new high of 381 million tons as independent refineries boosted their utilization of capacity and the domestic oilfields produced a decreased amount of output.Imported oil now accounts for more than 2/3 of the Chinese market compared to being only about 1/3 15 years ago.Moreover,the proportion of imported crude in refinery runs has risen to 70%.In 2017,China's economy will continue to face substantial pressure,and domestic demand for product oil will continue to grow slowly.     

Analysis of China's Oil Imports and Exports Situation

China's oil import dependence had risen to 72% in 2017, while its net imports of various oil products,including crude oil, refined oil, liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) and other products, had climbed to 418.8 million tons, an increase by10.7% over 2016. China's crude oil import reached 420 million tons, surpassed the United States for the first time, and China had become the biggest crude oil importing country in the world. Net export of the refined oil, mainly the diesel, continued to increase to 22.7 million tons, as driven by the oversupply situation of the domestic market. Last year, China's LPG import was 18.45 million tons, but its growth was diminishing.Oil price would continue to rise in 2018, while the domestic demand of refined oil would be maintained at a lower rate of growth. However, driving by new refining capacities to be brought online, it is estimated that the crude oil import would still be increased remarkably. LPG import would reach a new high due to the growth potential and strong demand for feedstocks in the petrochemical product market.