缓冲吸附和变压吸附(PSA)系统油气回收技术研究

研究了双塔吸附对汽油储罐中挥发出油气的吸附效果,吸收剂采用硅胶和活性炭吸附。油气先经缓冲吸附系统,后经变压吸附处理。吸附剂在真空状态下,经新鲜空气吹扫作用下重生。在400kg吸附剂的PSA系统中,每小时可吸收20~46L汽油。排放气中,烃类体积浓度可达到低至0.01%。     

吸附法回收油气的实验研究

用活性炭和硅胶作吸附剂吸附汽油油气,考察了吸附时间、温度对吸附效果的影响,并研究了两种吸附剂再生后的吸附情况。     

活性炭改性及其在油气分离回收中的应用

采用活化剂(KOH、H3PO4、KH2PO4)浸渍活性炭2~12 h,以提高活性炭的吸附容量,探讨了活化剂的种类、浓度和浸渍时间对活性炭吸附油气性能的影响。结果表明,改性后活性炭的含氧基团有了一定程度增加,对吸附油气更加有利。并在一套油气分离回收中试装置上测定了不同油气浓度和气流流量下改性活性炭对油气的吸附效果。     

烟曲霉生物吸附剂对活性艳红吸附性能的研究

将具有高效吸附作用的真菌烟曲霉制成生物吸附剂后用于偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B的吸附,研究了初始pH值、金属离子、盐度和脲对吸附容量的影响,并比较了生物吸附剂和粉状活性炭的吸附性能。结果表明:pH值对生物吸附剂吸附活性艳红X-3B的影响较大,吸附容量随pH值升高而降低;二价金属离子在一定质量浓度范围内(不大于1mg/L)对生物吸附剂的吸附性能具有一定的协同促进作用;NaCl对生物吸附剂的吸附性能具有一定的促进作用;相同条件下,生物吸附剂对X-3B的吸附容量较粉状活性炭高。     

磷酸活化法制备花生壳活性炭工艺

采用正交试验方法探讨了以花生壳为原料,通过磷酸活化法制备的高效活性炭吸附剂。以活性炭的收率和Pb2+吸附容量为考察指标,选择了磷酸质量浓度、浸渍质量比和活化温度3个因素,3个水平的正交试验方法。结果表明,对活性炭收率影响最大的因素是活化温度,对活性炭吸附Pb2+容量影响最大的是磷酸活化剂的质量浓度。综合考察各影响因素,得出在磷酸活化剂质量浓度为1 220 kg/m3,浸渍质量比为150%和活化温度为400℃时可以在保持活性炭收率较高的情况下制备高Pb2+吸附容量的花生壳活性炭吸附剂,该活性炭的比表面为1 018.5 m2/g,总孔容积为0.754 m3/g,平均孔径为2.961 nm,对低质量浓度含铅废水中铅离子的去除率接近100%,是合适的液相吸附用活性炭材料。     

城市剩余污泥制备活性炭吸附剂对Ni2+的吸附研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余脱水污泥为原料,采用化学活化热解法制备了污泥活性炭吸附剂,对水溶液中的Ni2+进行去除,确定了最佳实验参数。实验结果表明,吸附时间为1 h、p H为7、吸附剂用量为6 g/L时,对含Ni2+废水(Ni2+质量浓度为50 mg/L)的平均去除率为29.132%,污泥活性炭吸附剂的平均吸附容量为2.428 mg/g。通过单因素实验得出吸附时间为80 min、溶液p H为7时,对溶液中的Ni2+有较好的去除效果。Ni2+在污泥活性炭吸附剂上的吸附比较符合伪二级吸附动力学方程,Langmuir等温方程更适合描述Ni2+在污泥活性炭吸附剂上的吸附行为。     

磁性树脂和活性炭混合吸附剂吸附腐殖酸研究

采用磁性树脂和活性炭混合吸附剂对腐殖酸(HA)进行吸附,研究不同质量比混合吸附剂对HA的吸附,利用吸附动力学、吸附等温线和动态吸附脱附实验对树脂吸附、脱附过程进行分析。结果表明,当磁性树脂和活性炭的质量比为9:1时,混合吸附剂对HA的吸附容量最高,吸附过程符合准2级动力学模型。混合吸附剂对HA的吸附等温线更适合Langmuir模型,25℃时拟合饱和吸附量可达135.1 mg/g。动态吸附过程中,混合填柱固定床对HA的吸附要优于分层填柱,体积比1:1质量分数10%的NaOH、质量分数10%的NaCl对2种吸附固定床能快速脱附。     

甲苯法生产己内酰胺水溶液的吸附精制工艺试验研究

以活性炭、活性炭纤维及离子交换树脂作为吸附剂，在甲苯法己内酰胺水溶液中试验了不同吸附剂对己内酰胺水溶液中杂质的吸附能力。结果表明，当光密度均降低30％时，采用活性炭吸附，对己内酰胺中有机杂质的动态吸附容量为26．7mL／g；活性炭纤维杂乱填充时的动态吸附容量为67．48mL／g；强碱性离子交换树脂IAR900的动态吸附容量为46．66mL／mL。提出了活性炭纤维与离子交换树脂组合吸附工艺，当光密度均降低50％时，动态吸附容量为36．67mL／g，该组合工艺能有效去除己内酰胺水溶液中的杂质，提高了产品的质量。     

活性炭硅胶吸附法油气回收技术及其应用

油库在运行过程中,其油气排放过程主要发生在发油阶段。基于此对油库发油阶段实施油气回收。吸附法油气回收技术,采用吸附剂活性炭加硅胶进行填充,降低吸附床层的吸附热,提高安全性,延长活性炭的寿命。     

载体对负载型CuCl吸附脱硫剂性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍-焙烧自还原法制备系列以氯化亚铜为活性组分的负载型吸附脱硫剂,载体分别为氧化铝、不同孔径硅胶、13X分子筛和活性炭。对不同种类硫化物进行吸附实验,利用微库仑滴定仪对吸附后的溶液测试。结果表明,载体类型对吸附剂脱硫效果影响明显,而且不同硫化物的吸附硫容有较大差别,氧化铝吸附剂有较好的脱硫效果。     

新型高效复合吸附剂开发及系统仿真

针对一种新型高效复合吸附剂开展了吸附性能实验研究,并假想将该复合吸附剂装填于一固体吸附式空调样机吸附床内进而开展仿真研究。对比研究表明该复合吸附剂不但具有比硅胶强得多的吸附能力,而且再生温度较低。装填该复合吸附剂的吸附式空调不但可以获得比装填纯硅胶时高得多的比制冷功率SCP,而且系统性能系数COP也明显高于纯硅胶系统。     

WATER VAPOR ADSORPTION-DESORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF A MIXED ADSORBENT

Air conditioning systems that are incorporating desiccant based dehumidifiers are finding increased applications over traditional vapor compression refrigeration systems due to their efficient handling of latent heat loads. Generally, silica gel, molecular sieves, or activated alumina coaled on a rotating honeycomb type desiccant matrix is used as a dehumidifier in these systems. However, shapes of the isotherm for water vapor adsorption on these materials are not favorable for optimal performance of desiccant cooling systems. Theoretical studies have shown that a material having a type I isotherm for water vapor, whose shape lies between that on molecular sieve 13X and silica gel would lower installation and operating costs of desiccant based air-conditioning systems.

An adsorbent was prepared by mixing a silica gel, molecular sieve 13X, and a hydrophobic molecular sieve. The mixed adsorbent was mixed with a binder and was further coated on both sides of a 0.0014“ thick aluminum foil. Both plain and corrugated foils were used in preparing a desiccant matrix. A plain sheet was inserted in between two corrugated sheets and then they were rolled into a cylinder. The shape of water adsorption isotherm and equilibrium water adsorption capacity were obtained for this desiccant matrix. The shape of the water isotherm in the temperature range of 288-308 K was found to be more favorable than that on silica gel or molecular sieve 13X. However, the total water adsorption capacity of the new mixed adsorbent was significantly lower than these materials. The water adsorption data on the mixed adsorbent could be correlated according to Polyani's potential theory     

Modeling of Drying of Gaseous Mixtures in TSA System with Fixed Bed of Solid Desiccants

A nonisothermal, nonequilibrium mathematical model was developed to theoretically analyze adsorptive drying of gaseous mixtures containing water and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The analysis concerns a four-bed cyclic temperature swing adsorption (TSA) system. The two fixed beds are formed of silica gel primarily as the water vapor adsorbent. The other two consist of activated carbon as the adsorbent of the organic component (e.g., benzene, isopropanol). In the model, possible insignificant interactions among the VOCs and water during adsorption and desorption were neglected. The following parameters were considered to study their effect on the process efficiency: relative humidity of the inlet gas, temperature of the purge gas, and height of the adsorbent beds. Simulation results showed that both the shape of the adsorption isotherm and heat effects played an important role in the breakthrough behavior of water vapor adsorption on silica gel. The model accurately simulated experimental data taken from literature.     

吸附制冷用复合吸附剂的吸附性能

固体吸附式制冷因具有环保和节能两大优势,成为国内外竞相开发的热点,尤其是将其用于新型空调系统和太阳能应用产品方面的开发研究备受关注．但从实用化研究成果来看,还远不满足工业化条件,其主要原因之一是受吸附制冷工质对（吸附剂-制冷剂）的性能制约．目前,国内外关于吸附制冷工质对的研究报道比较多,所采用的吸附（工）质仍然以水、甲醇、乙醇和氨为主,对于吸附剂的研究进展比较快,已从当初单一组分吸附剂的选用发展到目前多组分、复合吸附剂的研制．研制性能优良的吸附剂被认为是推动固体吸附式制冷工业化的关键之一．     

离子凝胶复合吸附剂的制备及空气取水性能

制备了一种LiCl复合可得然离子凝胶,并将其首次用于空气取水性能研究。在不同吸附温度、吸附湿度的开式环境中,完成了复合吸附剂的水蒸气吸附特性研究。探究了浸渍盐的质量浓度对复合吸附剂吸附性能的影响。根据目标工况,完成了复合吸附剂组分的优化配比。对优化后的离子凝胶进行了吸附动力学和等温吸附特性研究。结果表明,15% LiCl溶液复合而成的可得然吸附剂综合性能最佳。在35℃&75%RH下,该复合吸附剂的吸附量高达3.30g/g,是传统硅胶复合吸附剂的6.6倍;在55℃&40%RH工况下实现1.66 g/g的水量脱附,是硅胶复合吸附剂的3倍。在25℃&75%RH下,可得然复合凝胶吸附剂的吸附速率K高达3.48×10^-3s^-1;该离子凝胶复合吸附剂的研究,为吸附式空气取水技术提供了基础支持。     

柴油吸附脱氮吸附剂的研究进展

吸附脱氮是目前应用比较广泛的方法之一。根据吸附剂的不同,其吸附效果也有很大的差别。吸附剂按表面极性可以分为极性吸附剂和非极性吸附剂。其中,活性氧化铝,硅胶,白土,分子筛,磷钼酸属于极性吸附剂,而活性炭属于非极性吸附剂。有些吸附剂的吸附脱氮效果还不是很理想,因此吸附剂的选择和其改性已经成为现在研究的重点。介绍了近几年来这两类柴油脱氮吸附剂的研究情况及其进展,并对未来吸附剂的研究提出了展望。     

Adsorption of carbon dioxide using polyethyleneimine modified silica gel

To find an ideal adsorbent for carbon dioxide capture, a new polyethyleneimine modified silica gel material was synthesized with a simple procedure. Three silica gel materials with various particle sizes (15, 25 and 40–63 μm) were prepared and functionalized with polyethyleneimine. The carbon dioxide adsorption amounts of modified silica gel and non-modified silica gel were calculated using a mass balance equation at three different temperatures (298.15, 308.15 and 318.15 K), respectively, and the influence of gas pressure and particle size on adsorption was discussed. Experimental data showed that the carbon dioxide adsorption capacity of modified silica gel was better than non-modified silica gel, and the adsorption capacity gradually decreased with increasing particle size. The smaller particle size (15 μm) PEI modified silica gel had the largest adsorption capacity, at 298.15 K, and the adsorption amounts of various particle sizes of PEI-silica better fit the Langmuir isotherm model.     

吸附制冷用复合吸附剂的吸附等温线推算

用真空重力法测定了水和乙醇在自制复合吸附剂上的吸附等温线。采用由微孔填充理论导出的吸附平衡方程对所测得的等温线进行了拟合,计算相应的吸附热;对用Clausius Clapeyron方程推算吸附等温线的方法进行了讨论,并推算有关吸附等温线。结果表明:水在自制复合吸附剂M1 0001和M1 9906上平衡吸附量的推算值与实测值之间的相对误差<10%;乙醇在自制复合吸附剂上的推算误差<15%。给出了推算等温线和获得等压线的简便方法。     

Carbon-silica xerogel and aerogel composites

High surface area carbon-silica xerogels and aerogels were prepared by adding various amounts of activated carbon particles during gelation of tetramethyoxysilane (TMOS). Surface areas and pore structure of the gels were determined by nitrogen and water adsorption and desorption measurements. Carbon increased the surface area of silica gel and the carbon-silica gel composites were found to be hydrophobic. The pore structure of xerogel composites was dominated by carbon whereas that of aerogel composites was apparently controlled by silica component.Also with the Department of Agronomy.     

Adsorption of l-histidine over mesoporous carbon molecular sieves

Mesoporous carbon, CMK-3, was prepared by large pore hexagonal mesoporous silica SBA-15. The structural order and textural properties of all the materials were studied by XRD, HRTEM, and nitrogen adsorption. Adsorption of l-histidine (His) over various porous adsorbents such as CMK-3, SBA-15, and activated carbon was studied from solutions with different pH. His adsorption was observed to be pH dependent with maximum adsorption near the isoelectric point of the amino acid. CMK-3 showed a larger amount of His adsorption as compared to SBA-15 and the conventional adsorbent, namely activated carbon. CMK-3 registers the total adsorption capacity of ca. 1350 μmol g⁻¹ which is ca. 12 times higher than the adsorption capacity of SBA-15. This large difference could be mainly due to the stronger hydrophobic interaction between the non-polar side chains of amino acids and the hydrophobic surface of the mesoporous carbon as compared to mesoporous silica. The influence of ionic strengths on the adsorption of His was also studied and the results are discussed. Nitrogen adsorption of CMK-3 after His adsorption confirmed that His molecules are tightly packed inside the mesopores.