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常压干燥制备疏水SiO2气凝胶的影响因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
常压干燥制备SiO2气凝胶是近年来该领域的研究重点,工艺条件的优化是提高气凝胶性能的关键。以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,甲基三乙氧基硅烷为共前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法,结合老化和三甲基氯硅烷-正己烷-无水乙醇混合溶液的二次表面改性,通过常压干燥工艺制备疏水SiO2气凝胶。利用BET,FT-IR,SEM,TEM和接触角测试等手段对气凝胶进行表征,系统研究水解时间、老化时间、老化温度和改性剂用量对气凝胶性质的影响。结果表明:水解16h,凝胶于55℃下老化48h后,在三甲基氯硅烷与正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比为1.56的混合液下改性48h制备的SiO2气凝胶的性能最好,其孔隙率92%,比表面积969m2/g,接触角达157°。 相似文献
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SiO_2气凝胶复合材料具有低密度、低热导、高强度等优异性能,已在航空航天、石油化工、建筑保温等领域获得较好应用。然而现有成熟的超临界干燥制备SiO_2气凝胶复合材料工艺需要维持高温、高压条件,能耗高、危险性大且设备复杂,常压干燥制备工艺由于所需条件温和、设备简单,有望实现连续性规模化生产。本文结合国内外关于常压干燥制备SiO_2气凝胶复合材料的研究进展,按照颗粒、纤维等增强相的不同,对常压干燥制备SiO_2气凝胶复合材料进行综述并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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以TEOS为硅源,TMCS/HMDSO为混合表面改性剂,采用酸碱两步催化溶胶-凝胶法和常压干燥法制备疏水性SiO2气凝胶,并借助BET、SEM、FT-IR等测试手段对样品进行表征。结果表明:TMCS/HMDSO混合改性剂的改性效果优于单一改性剂,当TMCS体积分数为混合表面改性剂的60%,改性温度为60℃时,制备的SiO2气凝胶具有较佳的综合性能,密度为0.1213g·cm-3,比表面积高达899.8m2·g-1,孔容为2.856cm3·g-1。 相似文献
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研究硅溶胶的雾化方法和形成油包水的乳化体系,在乳化体系中加入凝胶剂制备SiO2湿凝胶微球。制得的湿凝胶微球在常温常压下老化3d后用过滤的方法分离湿凝胶微球和油相;用正己烷清洗微球表面的油和杂质,用乙醇除去湿凝胶微球内部的水;最后,用超临界CO2的方法干燥湿凝胶微球得到SiO2气凝胶微球。研究结果表明,该方法最大的优点是可以大规模化制备气凝胶微球,制得的气凝胶微球直径<50μm,大部分集中在15~35μm之间。SiO2气凝胶微球具有明显的介孔材料特征,孔径为10nm左右,比表面积高达846.14m2/g,堆积密度约为221kg/m3。 相似文献
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SiO2/TiO2复合气凝胶的孔道结构研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了在常压干燥下制备高比表面积且具有多级孔道结构的SiO2/TiO2复合气凝胶,以正硅酸乙酯、钛酸丁酯为原料,利用低聚体聚合将分相平行引入到溶胶凝胶过程中,获得SiO2/TiO2醇凝胶,并通过溶剂替换技术实现气凝胶的常压干燥制备.不同硅钛比气凝胶的内部结构研究表明:合成的气凝胶是由纳米SiO2和TiO2颗粒分散复合而成的介孔块体,其中Ti—O—Ti、Si—O—Si和Ti—O—Si键相互交织.气凝胶的结构变化是分相与溶胶凝胶过程相互竞争的结果.Si含量能显著改善气凝胶的结构,当n(Ti)∶n(Si)为3∶1时,比表面积高达712.2 m2/g,平均孔径为3.36 nm;当n(Ti)∶n(Si)为1.5∶1时,复合气凝胶具有明显双连续孔道,比表面积高,同时孔状结构清晰. 相似文献
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SiO2气凝胶微观结构中存在不同形状、大小和排列方式的孔隙,这些孔隙可以形成细小的通道、突起、凹陷等复杂形态,具有比表面积大、孔隙率高的特点。SiO2气凝胶被广泛应用于众多领域。因其低密度和高孔隙率性质被应用于吸声材料,低导热系数被广泛应用于保温材料,并且凭借其多孔性、高比表面积等结构特点,能够高效地吸附和去除污水中的有污染物,在污水处理方面也展现出良好的应用前景。本文综述了制备SiO2气凝胶四个阶段的研究进展,包括溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2湿凝胶、SiO2凝胶的老化、表面改性SiO2气凝胶以及SiO2气凝胶的干燥,归纳了每个阶段的特点,重点介绍了SiO2气凝胶在含有机染料污水、含油污水和含重金属离子污水方面的吸附应用,并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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通过阶梯升温并结合傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征手段,研究了不同温度所得SiO2气凝胶的组成和微观结构,在程序升温条件下通过TG-DTG曲线和无模式函数法研究了SiO2气凝胶热重行为的变化.结果表明:SiO2气凝胶主要由7~9 nm球状颗粒构成类线形团簇,进而以团簇为骨架构成三维网络多孔结构;阶梯升温下,随着热处理温度的升高,气凝胶中Si—O—Si基团的摩尔分数逐渐增加,Si—OH和Si—OC2H5的摩尔分数逐渐降低,1 073 K时Si—OH基本消失,但存在6.59%的Si—OC2H5基团;气凝胶颗粒逐渐长大,部分骨架坍塌,温度达到1 273 K时,颗粒长大至约50 nm,团簇彻底消失,材料发生明显烧结.程序升温下,升温速率越高,气凝胶的热稳定性越好;材料的失重过程分为3个阶段:当反应转化率α < 30%时,主要发生硅羟基(Si—OH)间的缩合;当30% < α < 70%时,主要是硅羟基(Si—OH)与/或硅乙氧基(Si—OC2H5)之间的缩合;当α>70%时,主要是硅乙氧基(Si—OC2H5)之间的缩合. 相似文献
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Sofia Dembski Sabine RuppMoritz Milde Carsten GellermannMarcel Dyrba Stefan SchweizerMiroslaw Batentschuk Andres OsvetAlbrecht Winnacker 《Optical Materials》2011,33(7):1106-1110
Monodisperse, luminescent core-shell structured inorganic nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel technology. They exhibit an amorphous SiO2 core and a crystalline luminescent shell. Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ and Ca10(PO4)6OH:Eu3+ shell materials are investigated. The influence of the doping concentration on optical and structural properties was studied. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. 相似文献
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Teresa Díaz-Faes López Alfonso Fernández González ángel Del Reguero María Matos Marta E Díaz-García Rosana Badía-Laí?o 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2015,16(5)
Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) synthesized by the sol–gel approach were engineered for size and surface properties by grafting hydrophobic chains to prevent their aggregation and facilitate their contact with the phase boundary, thus improving their dispersibility in lubricant base oils. The surface modification was performed by covalent binding of long chain alkyl functionalities using lauric acid and decanoyl chloride to the SiO2 NP surface. The hybrid SiO2 NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, simultaneous differential thermal analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and dynamic light scattering, while their dispersion in two base oils was studied by static multiple light scattering at low (0.01% w/v) and high (0.50%w/v) concentrations. The nature of the functional layer and the functionalization degree seemed to be directly involved in the stability of the suspensions. The potential use of the functional SiO2 NPs as lubricant additives in base oils, specially designed for being used in hydraulic circuits, has been outlined by analyzing the tribological properties of the dispersions. The dendritic structure of the external layer played a key role in the tribological characteristics of the material by reducing the friction coefficient and wear. These nanoparticles reduce drastically the waste of energy in friction processes and are more environmentally friendly than other additives. 相似文献
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AbstractSilica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) synthesized by the sol–gel approach were engineered for size and surface properties by grafting hydrophobic chains to prevent their aggregation and facilitate their contact with the phase boundary, thus improving their dispersibility in lubricant base oils. The surface modification was performed by covalent binding of long chain alkyl functionalities using lauric acid and decanoyl chloride to the SiO2 NP surface. The hybrid SiO2 NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, simultaneous differential thermal analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and dynamic light scattering, while their dispersion in two base oils was studied by static multiple light scattering at low (0.01% w/v) and high (0.50%w/v) concentrations. The nature of the functional layer and the functionalization degree seemed to be directly involved in the stability of the suspensions. The potential use of the functional SiO2 NPs as lubricant additives in base oils, specially designed for being used in hydraulic circuits, has been outlined by analyzing the tribological properties of the dispersions. The dendritic structure of the external layer played a key role in the tribological characteristics of the material by reducing the friction coefficient and wear. These nanoparticles reduce drastically the waste of energy in friction processes and are more environmentally friendly than other additives. 相似文献
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Qingshan LuJiangong Li 《Optical Materials》2011,33(3):381-384
This paper reports the synthesis of Eu3+ ions-doped Y2SiO5 (Y2SiO5:Eu3+) powders by mesoporous template route. Using mesoporous silica SBA-15 as silica source, Y2SiO5:Eu3+ powders were prepared by solid-state reaction at a calcination temperature of 1300 °C without fluxes. The prepared Y2SiO5:Eu3+ powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results show that the crystalline Y2SiO5:Eu3+ particles are dense and have a morphology similar to SBA-15. The low calcination temperature is attributed to the high reactive activity of SBA-15 with large surface area and non-crystalline structure. The Y2SiO5:Eu3+ powders prepared at a low calcination temperature show luminescence properties similar to the reported results of Eu3+ doped-Y2SiO5 samples prepared at high temperatures. 相似文献
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The microstructure of a heterogeneous SiO2 submitted to a depolymerisation process is studied using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Environmental SEM (ESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). With ESEM the formation of micro domain induced by the dissolution phenomena is shown. XRD shows the formation of a halo that is associated with the formation of amorphous phase. The parameters “position and FWHM” of the halo, enabled us to show the evolution of the disorderly phase when the reaction progresses. The hypothesis of formation of nanoparticles with different structural states was confirmed by the TEM. 相似文献
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Yan-Hong LinKai-Ling Su Ping-Szu TsaiFeng-Lin Chuang Yu-Min Yang 《Thin solid films》2011,519(16):5450-5455
The realization of transparent and superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic surfaces by silica nanoparticulate thin films was exploited in this work. An aqueous electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly process was utilized to fabricate nanoparticulate thin films with adhesion/body/top layer structure on glass substrates by using SiO2 nanoparticles and polyelectrolytes. The effects of volume ratio of differently sized silica nanoparticle solutions for the body layer deposition on transmittance in visible light region and surface wettability of the nanoparticulate thin films were systematically studied. The experimental results revealed that both optical transparency and superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity can be achieved on the same SiO2 nanoparticulate thin film by using appropriate volume ratios of differently sized silica nanoparticle solutions for body layer deposition, and with and without silane treatment in the fabrication process. The high contrast of wettability that can be achieved by this way suggests the possibility of the creation of superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic patterning and superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic gradient on the same surfaces. 相似文献
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利用化学沉淀法从稻草NaOH预处理液中制取粒径分布均匀的低比表面积SiO_2微球。制取过程包括预处理液的稀释、盐酸溶液滴定沉出SiO_2微球、SiO_2微球煅烧3个步骤。结果表明:当稀释后的预处理液pH值调为8时,预处理液、水、乙醇的体积比决定了SiO_2微球的粒径分布,盐酸溶液的滴加速率决定了SiO_2微球的粒径大小和比表面积。最优制备条件:预处理液、水、乙醇的体积比为1∶1.5∶1,盐酸溶液的滴定速率为3mL/min。在该条件下制取的SiO_2微球平均直径约为485nm,比表面积为8.23m2/g,呈现出介孔无定形结构。 相似文献
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Silica sols synthesized through different routes viz. inorganic, organic and ion-exchange routes, have been incorporated in
the low cement alumina castable composition in various proportions and cast samples in the form of 2 inch cube briquettes
were prepared. The cast briquettes after curing were subjected to heat treatment at various temperatures. The effect of different
sources of such sols on the important physico-mechanical properties of the castables such as bulk density, apparent porosity,
compressive strength, volume shrinkage and residual strength after spalling have been studied. Some of the selected samples
were also subjected to microstructural evaluation. It is observed that silica sol synthesized through cation exchange routes
has significant beneficial role on the properties of castable with 3% addition. 相似文献