SiC复合微弧氧化陶瓷层制备及其摩擦学性能

通过在电解液中添加SiC纳米颗粒的方法,利用微弧氧化技术在ZL109铝合金上制备复合陶瓷层,研究SiC复合微弧氧化陶瓷层的微观结构和摩擦学性能。研究结果显示,SiC纳米颗粒进入到微弧氧化陶瓷层中形成了复合陶瓷层,复合陶瓷层主要由α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3和SiC三相组成;与普通的微弧氧化陶瓷层相比,SiC复合陶瓷层的表面更加平整,硬度提高了20.4%;SiC复合陶瓷层在高速往复式摩擦磨损实验中的摩擦系数降低了22%、磨痕宽度减小了34.7%。分析表明,复合陶瓷层硬度的提高和导热性的增强是改善摩擦磨损性能的主要原因。     

纳米SiO2添加剂对镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层组织结构及耐蚀性的影响

为了改善AZ31B镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层表面疏松状况,提高其耐腐蚀性能,在其电解液中添加纳米SiO2粉末制备了微弧氧化陶瓷层.采用测厚仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、极化曲线、交流阻抗及盐雾腐蚀试验研究了纳米SiO2添加剂对微弧氧化陶瓷层的组织结构及耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:纳米SiO2粉末在微弧氧化过程中能够进入陶瓷层,使得陶瓷层表面孔洞数量减少,致密度提高;纳米SiO2的添加使陶瓷层的腐蚀电流密度减小,阻抗增加,盐雾腐蚀增重减小,耐蚀性得到提高.     

TC4钛合金微弧氧化复合陶瓷膜制备及耐磨性能研究

采用微弧氧化技术,通过向电解液中分别添加不同的陶瓷颗粒(SiC、SiO2),在TC4钛合金表面制备复合陶瓷膜。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD),MMA-1万能摩擦磨损实验机研究了不同的陶瓷颗粒对膜层微观组织结构、元素分布特征、相组成和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,在电解液中添加陶瓷颗粒都能使膜层表面变得致密平整且膜层的厚度增加。陶瓷颗粒能够进入氧化层中,但并不发生相变反应。SiC和SiO2颗粒能显著提高膜层耐磨性能。     

镁合金微弧氧化/空气喷涂复合膜层的耐盐雾腐蚀性能

为了进一步提高AZ31B镁合金的耐腐蚀性,在Na2SiO3电解液体系中,通过微弧氧化直流脉冲电源在其表面制备了微弧氧化膜,再在微弧氧化膜层上喷涂纳米陶瓷涂料层.利用盐雾腐蚀试验研究了微弧氧/涂料复合膜层的耐腐蚀性,采用SEM、XRD等研究了复合膜的组成和结构.结果表明:复合膜层表面均匀,其耐腐蚀性明显高于微弧氧化膜层,...     

2A12铝合金纳米复合微弧氧化陶瓷层摩擦学性能研究

研究2A12铝合金表面制备含纳米Si（）2颗粒复合微弧氧化陶瓷层,主要考察了不同尺度、不同类型纳米颗粒对陶瓷层摩擦学性能的影响规律。采用扫描电镜观察涂层表面形貌,CETR微米摩擦磨损试验机和白光干涉仪考察复合陶瓷涂层的耐磨性。结果表明,与未添加纳米颗粒的普通微弧氧化层相比,添加20nmSi02、80nmSi02、800nmSiO2后所形成的陶瓷涂层孔隙尺寸和数量均明显减小,并具有较高的耐磨性。     

还原温度与SiO2壳层对Co/SiO2复合颗粒尺寸和相结构的影响

利用非均相沉淀-H2还原方法制得了平均粒径为20～30nm的Co/SiO2纳米复合颗粒.探讨了非均相沉淀-H2还原法的还原温度和SiO2壳层对Co/SiO2纳米复合颗粒尺寸和组织的影响.实验结果表明,在复合颗粒中,非晶SiO2壳层对纳米Co颗粒成功地进行了包覆.纳米尺度的fcc结构芯核Co可以在室温存在,但颗粒尺寸大于某一临界尺寸时,芯核Co将由fcc向hcp相转变.通过试验得出芯核Co由fcc向hcp相转变的临界尺寸,该试验结果和理论数据相吻合.并证明,还原过程中fcc结构Co的出现对应于一个临界温度,当还原温度低于该临界温度时,不能得到fcc结构的Co.     

镁合金微弧阳极氧化膜的特性

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法初步研究了镁合金微弧氧化膜的成分、相组成及其形貌特征.结果表明,在微弧氧化处理过程中,镁合金基体中的合金元素Al向表面扩散进入氧化膜层,微弧氧化处理液组分中的元素也进入了氧化膜层.氧化膜主要由MgO、Mg2SiO4、MgAl2O4和不定形相组成.在微孤氧化过程中,氧化膜中首先产生的物相为立方结构的MgO,随着氧化时间的延长,氧化膜中出现晶态的MgAl2O4及Mg2SiO4.     

镁合金表面微弧氧化-SiO2复合膜层的微观结构和耐蚀性

采用有机醇盐水解法制备SiO2溶胶,用浸溃-提拉制膜技术在AZ31B镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层表面制备SiO2膜层,研究了镁合金表面微弧氧化-SiO2复合膜层的微观结构和耐蚀性.结果表明:SiO2溶胶进入微弧氧化陶瓷层表面的微孔并形成了SiO2膜层;由微弧氧化陶瓷层和SiO2膜层组成的复合膜层的腐蚀电位比单一陶瓷层明显提高,...     

镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的微观结构、相成分和耐腐蚀性能

为获得耐腐蚀性优良的镁合金表面膜层,在含5 g/L硅酸钠、2 g/L磷酸钠和1 g/L氢氧化钠的复合溶液中,用自制设备对AZ91D镁合金进行了微弧氧化.利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析了AZ91D 镁合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷膜的表面形貌、截面结构和相组成.结果表明:AZ91D 微弧氧化陶瓷膜由疏松层和致密层组成,疏松层陶瓷膜疏松,厚度较大,且存在一些孔洞;致密层陶瓷膜与基体金属结合紧密,陶瓷膜主要由MgO,Mg2SiO4,Mg3(PO4)2和MgAl2O4组成.在3.5%的NaCl溶液中,微弧氧化陶瓷膜的自腐蚀电位为-1 390 mV,而镁合金基体的为-1 540 mV,表明经微弧氧化处理后AZ91D 镁合金的耐蚀性有较大提高.     

纳米Al_2O_3掺杂对AM60B镁合金表面微弧氧化膜层结构和耐蚀性的影响

为促进大面积镁合金表面耐蚀性能优良的微弧氧化膜层的工业化生产,在硅酸盐水溶液中掺杂纳米Al_2O_3颗粒对AM60B镁合金进行微弧氧化;采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪及盐雾试验分析了掺杂纳米Al_2O_3颗粒对氧化膜层的形成过程、形貌、成分以及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:掺杂纳米Al_2O_3微弧氧化膜物相组成主要有MgO、MgAl_2O_4、Mg_2Si_2O_4、Al_2O_3,纳米Al_2O_3的掺杂能提高氧化膜的密度,促进薄膜生长,使表面孔隙分布更均匀,尺寸更小;掺杂纳米Al_2O_3氧化膜的耐蚀性较未掺杂氧化膜的大幅提高。     

Effects of emulsion sizing with nano-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on interfacial properties of carbon fibers/epoxy composites

Nano-SiO₂ particles were used to modify epoxy emulsion sizing of carbon fibers to improve the interfacial properties of carbon fibers reinforced epoxy composites. The mechanical interfacial strength between fibers and matrix was investigated by the single fiber fragmentation test and the 3-point short beam shear test, respectively. Dynamic contact angle analysis (DCAA), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed on the carbon fibers with unmodified sizing and nano-SiO₂ modified sizing. The results indicated that modified sizing with nano-SiO₂ slightly increased the surface energy, the hydroxyl functional group and the surface roughness of carbon fibers compared to unmodified sizing, so that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the single fiber composites and the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of composites were enhanced. SEM images of fracture sections of composites proved powerfully that the interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix was improved after nano-SiO₂ modified emulsion sizing treatment.     

Synthesis and properties of a novel isomeric polyimide/SiO2 hybrid material

A novel isomeric polyimide/SiO₂ hybrid material was successfully prepared through sol–gel technique, and its structure, thermal properties and nano-indenter properties were investigated. First, 3-[(4-phenylethynyl)phthalimide]propyl triethoxysilane (PEIPTES) was successfully synthesized, its structure was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and ¹³C NMR. The researches on solubility and thermal properties of PEIPTES show that it can be used for modifying nano-SiO₂ precursor. Nano-SiO₂ precursor was synthesized by tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) through sol–gel technique. Then the PEIPTES solution and the nano-SiO₂ precursor were mixed for 6 h to let the PEIPTES molecules react with the nano-SiO₂ precursor, and modified nano-SiO₂ precursor was obtained. The modified reaction was confirmed by the analyses of FT-IR. At last, isomeric polyimide/SiO₂ hybrid material was produced by using isomeric polyimide resin solution and the modified nano-SiO₂ precursor after heat treatment process. The structure analysis by SEM indicated that SiO₂ particles dispersed in isomeric polyimide matrix homogeneously with nanoscale. Thermogravimetric analyzer, dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer and nano-indenter XP was employed to detect the properties of the materials, the results demonstrated that isomeric polyimide/SiO₂ hybrid material has much better thermal properties and nano-indenter properties than those of isomeric polyimide. It is confirmed that PEIPTES acts as a bridge between the SiO₂ particles and the isomeric polyimide matrix in the hybrid material, because the ethoxyl of PEIPTES could participate in the hydrolyzation and condensation to form chemical bond with SiO₂ particles and its phenylethynyl group could take part in the cross-curing reaction of isomeric polyimide.     

A study of the erosion-corrosion behavior of nano-Cr2O3 particles reinforced Ni-based composite alloying layer in aqueous slurry environment

To investigate the role of nano-Cr₂O₃ particles on the erosion-corrosion behavior of composite alloying layer, a nano-Cr₂O₃ particles reinforced Ni-based composite alloying layer was fabricated onto AISI 316L stainless steel (SS) via a duplex surface treatment, consisting of Ni/nano-Cr₂O₃ predeposited by electric brush plating, and subsequent Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu multi-element surface alloying by a double glow process. The microstructure and composition of composite alloying layer were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated that the added nano-Cr₂O₃ particles were homogeneously distributed in the alloying layer and didn’t decompose or react with surrounding metal matrix under alloying temperature (1000 °C) condition. A series of electrochemical techniques, including potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential (OCP), current response and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), was employed to evaluate the corrosion properties of nano-Cr₂O₃ particles reinforced composite alloying layer under various hydrodynamic conditions. Erosion-corrosion tests were conducted in 3.5% NaCl solution plus sand particles with varying concentration (50-150 g/L) at different rotation speeds (600-1100 rpm). To estimate the influence of the nature of different nano-particles on the erosion-corrosion property of composite alloying layer, nano-SiO₂ particles reinforced Ni-based composite alloying layer, single alloying layer and 316L SS was selected as the reference materials for all the corrosion and erosion-corrosion tests.     

Preparation of bioceramic films containing hydroxyapatites on Ti-6Al-4V alloy surfaces by the micro-arc oxidation technique

The bioceramic films containing hydroxyapatite (HAP) were synthesized on Ti-6Al-4V alloy surfaces using the micro-arc oxidation technique. The influences of electric current density and treating time of micro-arc oxidation on the phase behavior of the bioceramic films were studied. XRD and SEM were utilized to characterize the phase formation and surface morphologies of the bioceramic films. The results revealed that electric current density and micro-arc oxidation time were two important factors for the formation of HAP, and the micro-arc oxidation films were composed of HAP, TiO₂, and Ca₃(PO₄)₂.     

High thermal and mechanical properties enhancement obtained in highly filled polybenzoxazine nanocomposites with fumed silica

Highly filled polybenzoxazine nanocomposites filled with nano-SiO₂ particles were investigated for their mechanical and thermal properties as a function of filler loading. The nanocomposites were prepared by high shear mixing followed by compression molding. A very low A-stage viscosity of benzoxazine monomer gives it excellent processability having maximum nano-SiO₂ loading as high as 30 wt% (18.8 vol%) with negligible void content. Moreover, thermal analysis of the curing process of the compound of the PBA-a/nano-SiO₂ composites was found to be autocatalytic in nature with average activation energy of 79–92 kJ mol⁻¹. Microscopic analysis (SEM) performed on the PBA-a/nano-SiO₂ composite fracture surface indicated a nearly homogeneous distribution of the nano-scaled silica in the polybenzoxazine matrix. In addition, the enhancement in storage modulus of the nano-SiO₂ filled polybenzoxazine composites was found to be significantly higher than that of the recently reported nano-SiO₂ filled epoxy composites. The dependence of the nanocomposites’ modulus on the nano-SiO₂ particles content is well fitted by the generalized Kerner equation. Furthermore, the relatively high micro-hardness of the PBA-a/nano-SiO₂ composites up to about 600 MPa was achieved. Finally, the substantial enhancement in the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the PBA-a/nano-SiO₂ composites was also observed with the ΔT_g up to 16 °C at the nano-SiO₂ loading of 30 wt%. The resulting PBA-a/nano-SiO₂ composite is a highly attractive candidate as coating material in electronic packaging or other related applications.     

Effects of nano-SiO2 particles on the mechanical and microstructural properties of ultra-high performance cementitious composites

In this research the effects of nano-SiO₂ particles on the mechanical performance, hydration process and microstructure evolution of ultra-high performance cementitious composites were investigated by different methods. The results showed that the compressive and flexural strength increased with the increase of the nano-SiO₂ content up to 3% and due to agglomeration of nano-SiO₂ particles, the mechanical properties decreased slightly when the nano-SiO₂ content was more than 3%. The hydration process was accelerated by the addition of nano-SiO₂. The porosity and the average pore diameter decreased with the increase of the nano-SiO₂ content and aging. The microstructure was more homogenous and dense for nano-SiO₂ specimens as compared to the control specimen. All of these improvements could be mainly attributed to the pozzolanic and filler effects of nano-SiO₂.     

Synthesis of a porous oxide layer on a multifunctional biomedical titanium by micro-arc oxidation

To improve apatite forming ability of Ti–24Nb–4Zr–7.9Sn alloy, a porous oxidation layer has been synthesized by micro-arc oxidation in a calcium acetate electrolyte and subsequent heat treatment. These oxide layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thin film X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After the above treatments, the surface oxide consists of two layers: a thin, compact and uniform inner layer and a porous outer layer. Ca ions are incorporated into the oxide layer in the form of CaO while Ti, Nb and Sn participate in the oxidation to form TiO₂, Nb₂O₅ and SnO₂, respectively. After heat treatment at 600 °C, surfaces with such porous oxides have better apatite forming ability than the ground, smooth surface of the alloy, as evidenced by apatite formation within 7 days of soaking in a simulated body fluid. Preliminary in vitro cell test on rabbit's osteoblast show that these surfaces gain considerable improvement in cell proliferation.     

A study of the physical,chemical and biological properties of TiO2 coatings produced by micro-arc oxidation in a Ca–P-based electrolyte

In this work, a porous and homogeneous titanium dioxide layer was grown on commercially pure titanium substrate using a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process and Ca–P-based electrolyte. The structure and morphology of the TiO₂ coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy, and profilometry. The chemical properties were studied using electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The wettability of the coating was evaluated using contact angle measurements. During the MAO process, Ca and P ions were incorporated into the oxide layer. The TiO₂ coating was composed of a mixture of crystalline and amorphous structures. The crystalline part of the sample consisted of a major anatase phase and a minor rutile phase. A cross-sectional image of the coating–substrate interface reveals the presence of voids elongated along the interface. An osteoblast culture was performed to verify the cytocompatibility of the anodized surface. The results of the cytotoxicity tests show satisfactory cell viability of the titanium dioxide films produced in this study.     

High temperature oxidation behaviour of directionally solidified nickel base superalloy CM–247LC

Abstract

The present paper describes the isothermal and cyclic oxidation behaviour of the technologically important nickel base directionally solidified superalloy CM-247LC in air in the temperature range 1000-1200°C. This superalloy behaves as a transition nickel base alloy under isothermal oxidation conditions and exhibits a fairly long transient oxidation period (~20 h at 1100°C). Irrespective of the temperature of exposure and nature of oxidation (isothermal or cyclic), a composite oxide scale develops on CM-247LC. While the outer portion of the oxide scale consists of either spinel (NiAl₂O₄) or a mixture of spinel and NiO, depending on oxidation temperature, the inner portion is always constituted of alumina. Beyond the transient period, the alloy is found to follow parabolic oxidation kinetics. The oxide layer that forms is invariably very non-uniform in thickness, and is dispersed with two types of oxide particles. While tantalum rich oxide particles are found scattered in the outer zone of the oxide layer, hafnium rich oxide particles lie close to the oxide/metal interface. Results also reveal that the nature of oxidation associated with the CM-247LC superalloy causes entrapment of metal islands in the oxide layer.     

One-step synthesis of petal-like apatite/titania composite coating on a titanium by micro-arc oxidation

Petal-like apatite/titania (TiO₂) coating was prepared on commercially pure titanium (Ti) by micro-arc oxidation in electrolyte containing calcium and phosphate for the first time. The surface morphology, crystalline structure, chemical composition and binding state of the apatite/TiO₂ composite coating were characterized. The coating consists of a double-layer (apatite layer and TiO₂ layer) structure. The average thickness of the inner TiO₂ layer and the outer apatite layer is about 6 μm and 16 μm respectively. The outer apatite layer is porous and exhibits petal-like pattern. The apatite layer consists of hydroxyapatite (HA) and carbonate-apatite and the inner TiO₂ layer consists of anatase and rutile.