960MPa高强度钢材对接焊缝的低温断裂韧性

对14 mm厚的960 MPa结构钢材的对接焊缝进行了低温断裂韧性试验,采用三点弯曲试件,以裂纹尖端张开位移CTOD为指标,对960 MPa高强度钢材焊缝的断裂行为进行分析。计算出母材、焊缝区和热影响区的断裂韧性CTOD临界值δm与温度的关系,采用Boltzmann函数对其结果进行拟合分析,得到韧脆转变温度,并对其断裂微观机理进行分析。结果表明:断裂韧性CTOD临界值δm随温度降低呈下降趋势,与Q235、Q345、Q390及Q460相比,960 MPa高强度钢材的δm值最低,其焊接热影响区的δm值比焊缝金属和母材均小,其韧脆转变温度也较高(-12.45℃),低温冷脆特征更加显著。     

A572 Gr.50厚板对接焊缝断裂性能研究

A572 Gr.50厚板常用于锅炉钢结构大板梁的加工制作,其对接焊缝易存在焊接裂纹缺陷。为评定含缺陷的锅炉钢结构大板梁的安全性,通过焊接接头模拟制作实际大板梁下翼缘的A572 Gr.50厚板对接焊缝,分别对其母材、焊缝金属及热影响区材料进行了系列单轴静力拉伸试验、冲击韧性试验和直三点弯曲断裂韧度试验,并结合有限元分析对A572 Gr.50厚板对接焊缝存在裂纹缺陷时的断裂性能进行了研究。研究结果表明:厚板对接焊缝母材、焊缝和热影响区材料基本力学性能均能满足规范要求,均具有良好的塑性变形能力;随温度的降低,母材、热影响区及焊缝处的夏比冲击功减少,但均具有良好的冲击韧性;比较而言,母材的抗低温冷脆性能最好,焊缝最差;母材、焊缝和热影响区3个区域中焊缝的断裂韧度最差;厚板对接焊缝接头的焊缝区是大板梁焊接缺陷安全性评估的重点控制区域;基于断裂力学,可以运用有限元软件方便的对带裂缝的工作状态下工作的钢结构构件的断裂性能进行分析,保证其安全性。     

7075高强铝合金激光填丝焊接组织与力学性能研究

采用光纤激光器对4mm厚的7075铝合金进行激光填丝焊接,对焊接接头的显微组织、相结构、断口形貌、力学性能进行观察和分析。结果表明:焊缝(FZ)边缘组织为柱状枝晶组织,焊缝中心为等轴晶组织;热影响区(HAZ)保留了母材(BM)的轧制长条状形态,但晶粒有所长大。母材的相组成主要为α-Al固溶体、S-Al_2CuMg强化相和η-MgZn_2强化相,焊缝无强化相析出。焊缝区硬度值为各区中最低,热影响区显微硬度呈阶梯式增长。焊接速度为2~4m/min的接头拉伸试样均在焊缝处断裂,抗拉强度最大为母材的67.5%。接头拉伸试样均出现了颈缩现象,断口由大量的等轴状韧窝构成,为韧性断裂。     

海洋泊链用钢大尺寸试样CTOD试验研究

设计制作了大尺寸试样裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)试验用低温环境箱和相关的卡具。依据英国BS7448断裂韧性试验标准，分别对海洋泊链用钢母材及焊缝进行了一20℃的CTOD试验。结果表明，母材试样的CTOD特征值δm普遍很高，均在0．77mm以上；所有焊缝试样都发生了脆性断裂，其中，两块试样的P-V曲线图及其所对应的宏观断口异常，另两块焊口试样在弹性区就发生了脆性断裂，导致了它们的CTOD特征值δc小于设计指标0．15mm的要求。试验分析结果为评价焊接工艺及焊后热处理规范提供了依据。     

热输入对Q1100钢焊接接头低温韧性及耐蚀性能的影响

采用10 kJ/cm和15 kJ/cm两种焊接热输入对Q1100超高强钢进行熔化极气体保护焊,研究焊接接头的组织性能及局部腐蚀行为。结果表明：两种热输入焊接接头的焊缝组织主要为针状铁素体和少量的粒状贝氏体,粗晶区组织均为板条贝氏体,细晶区组织均为板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体,临界相变区组织为多边形铁素体、马奥岛和碳化物的混合组织。两种热输入焊接接头中电荷转移电阻均为母材>热影响区>焊缝区,母材耐蚀性最好,热影响区次之,焊缝区耐蚀性最差。在腐蚀过程中,焊缝区作为阳极最先被腐蚀,当腐蚀一定时间后,腐蚀位置发生改变,阳极腐蚀区域转移到母材区,而焊缝区作为阴极得到保护。热输入为10 kJ/cm时,焊接接头具有更好的低温韧性和耐蚀性,其焊缝和热影响区-40℃冲击功分别为46.5 J和30.2 J。     

X90钢级管线钢预精焊接头的性能研究

为综合研究X90管线钢的焊接性,选用国内某钢厂轧制的X90管线钢卷板,利用预精焊工艺制备试验钢管4根,采用金相分析、扫描电镜(SEM)断口分析、夏比V型缺口冲击试验、拉伸、弯曲、硬度等试验,研究了焊接接头各个区域的组织和性能.试验结果表明:内外焊缝区组织均为针状铁素体,热影响区(HAZ)粗晶区晶粒粗化严重,主要组织为粒状贝氏体和贝氏体铁素体,在原奥氏体晶界和贝氏体板条内部存在块状或条状的(马氏体-奥氏体)M-A组元;HAZ冲击功离散性较大,出现了单值较低(45 J)的试样,SEM断口分析呈现典型的解理断裂特征;焊接接头抗拉强度805~815 MPa,断裂位置均在HAZ;焊接接头反弯试样易在HAZ出现裂纹和脆断现象;HAZ硬度在220~250 HV之间,较母材下降30 HV左右.HAZ是X90预精焊钢管焊接接头的薄弱环节,为提高X90管线钢的焊接稳定性,应重点研究精焊内外热循环双热影响亚区的组织转变和脆化机理.     

深潜器用Ti80厚板电子束焊接接头组织性能研究

采用电子束焊接方法焊接深潜器用56 mm厚Ti80合金,并对焊接接头的组织结构和力学性能进行研究。结果表明,焊接接头成形良好,无缺陷;焊缝组织为马氏体α相和残余β相组成的网篮组织;熔合区界线明显,过热区十分窄;热影响区组织由初生α相、马氏体α相和β相组成;焊接接头各区域显微硬度值分布不均匀,由焊缝至母材显微硬度值逐渐下降;拉伸断裂发生在远离焊缝的母材处,接头抗拉强度为935.3 MPa,大于原始母材的911.8 MPa;焊缝冲击吸收功为36.3 J,由焊缝至母材冲击吸收功值逐渐增大,接头各区域冲击断裂方式均为韧性断裂。     

汽车高强钢SG1000激光复合焊接力学性能研究

目的 针对汽车高强钢SG1000焊接接头恶化等问题,研究了SG1000激光复合焊接的力学性能。方法 选用等强匹配焊丝MG90-G对高强钢SG1000进行激光复合焊接,对焊接接头进行拉伸和低温冲击韧性试验,并结合扫描和硬度监测等手段对焊缝组织和断口形貌进行分析。结果 由于激光的预热作用,高强钢SG1000激光复合焊接成形件的焊缝美观,焊接过程稳定可靠,焊接熔池深度较大,有效改善了传统焊接的咬边、飞溅、气孔等缺陷。焊缝组织主要由板条马氏体和奥氏体晶粒组成,热影响区的过热区内部板条马氏体和奥氏体晶粒比较粗大,而焊接母材主要为细小的板条马氏体和奥氏体晶粒。焊接拉伸断口主要为细小且较浅的韧窝,且韧窝底部存在第二相粒子及夹杂物,焊接拉伸断口断裂于热影响区且微观形貌为韧性断裂;冲击微观形貌主要由准解理小平面及河流花样组成,且存在一定数量大小不一的韧窝交错分布,焊接冲击断口断裂于热影响区且微观形貌也为韧性断裂。结论 焊缝热影响区的晶粒比非热影响区的晶粒粗大,拉伸和冲击断裂均发生于热影响区;随着激光功率的增大,复合焊接接头的力学性能呈现逐渐增强的趋势;随着焊接速度的增大,复合焊接接头的力学性能呈现先增强后削弱的趋势。高强钢SG1000激光复合焊接最佳工艺参数如下:激光功率为9.5 kW,焊接速度为0.8 m/min,对应屈服强度为1 072 MPa,抗拉强度为1 175 MPa,断裂伸长率为13.5%,冲击断裂吸收的能量为30.8 J、焊缝中心显微硬度为342 HV。     

表面裂纹法研究2A14T6铝合金焊接接头低温断裂韧性

为了研究2A14T6铝合金焊接接头（焊缝／熔合线／热影响区／母材）的低温（77K／4．2K）断裂韧性,采用表面裂纹法,通过自主研制的低温位移传感器及力学测试系统得到了断裂韧性KIQ性能参数,并结合断口具体分析了形貌与断裂韧性的关系。研究结果表明：该测试系统能够有效的测量材料的低温表面裂纹断裂韧性KIQ;无论在室温还是低温下,焊接接头不同区域的断裂韧性大致为母材〉热影响区〉熔合线〉焊缝;除熔合线变化不明显外,各区域的断裂韧性随温度的降低而增加,呈现较好的规律性;微观断口形貌与断裂韧性试验测试结果有较好的一致性。     

不锈钢激光-MAG复合焊接头微区性能研究

激光复合焊可用于不锈钢焊接,但激光复合焊接头热影响区小,组织变化梯度大.研究接头微区性能可以确定接头薄弱环节,为焊接接头的工艺评定和断裂分析提供理论依据.为此,本文对4 mm厚SUS301L-HT不锈钢进行激光-MAG复合焊接,采用维氏硬度、微型剪切和微拉伸等试验,研究了焊接接头焊缝、热影响区及母材的微区力学性能,并结合金相、断口扫描等分析了各微区力学性能的差异.结果表明：焊缝区域组织主要为柱状奥氏体树枝晶+少量的δ铁素体;母材的剪切强度和抗拉强度最高,分别为560和1 066 MPa,其次为复合焊接头热影响区,焊缝区域最差,接头硬度分布规律与各微区强度变化趋势一致;运用数学方法,得出了接头微拉伸强度与微型剪切强度、硬度之间关系的经验公式.接头各微区剪切断口和拉伸断口SEM分析呈现典型的韧性断裂特征.     

A Noise-Tolerant Hybrid Model of A Global and A Local Learning Module

Proposed is GLLL2, a hybrid architecture of a global and a local learning module, which learns default and exceptional knowledge respectively from noisy examples. The global learning module, which is a feedforward neural network, captures global trends gradually, while the local learning module stores local exceptions quickly. The latter module distinguishes noise from exceptions, and learns only exceptions, which makes GLLL2 noise-tolerant. The results of experiments show the process in which training examples are formed into default and exceptional knowledge, and demonstrate that the predictive accuracy, the space efficiency, and the training efficiency of GLLL2 is higher than those of each individual module.

     

A Development of A Computer aided Ferrographic System

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Allocating A Replenishment Order Among A Family of Items

Inventory control models which provide coordinated control (or joint replenishment) of families of items are very useful in practice. An important component of these models is the algorithm for allocating a total reorder quantity among the items in the family. In this paper the allocation algorithm from a new class of coordinated control models is discussed. Inventory position is modelled as a diffusion process, and both continuous review and periodic review situations are considered. This new class of coordinated control models has been shown to outperform existing models (IBM's IMPACT Inventory Control Package).     

新型表面可修饰性有机硅密封材料的制备及应用

制备了一种单组分室温硫化表面可修饰性有机硅密封材料。在通用的酮肟型有机硅密封材料组分中,添加自制的含有氰基、仲胺基的硅烷改性剂,可明显改善油溶性醇酸漆和聚氨酯漆对有机硅密封材料的可涂覆性及储存稳定性。添加甲基丙烯酰丙基三甲氧基硅烷,同时在水溶性丙烯酸乳胶漆中添加适量的硅丙乳胶,可显著改善水性丙烯酸乳胶漆对有机硅密封材料的表面可修饰性。表面可修饰性有机硅密封材料可用作普通有机硅密封胶的底涂。     

D／A转换器的模型化测试策略

本文提出了模型化测量D/A转换器非线性误差的方法,讨论了建模技术和选择优化试验点的方法。利用这些工具,可以从一组充分、必要的测量数据,准确估计出在所有码态时转换器的非线性误差、位误差和重叠误差。     

一句话、一个人和一本书影响了我

Q=你应该从大二就开始了兼职设计工作。当初什么样的机会让你和设计有了实践上的接轨？当时的你最希望从实践中获得的东西是什么？后来到底得到了怎样的收获？A——我初次参与设计兼职工作是在大二时的暑假。一个偶然的机会．有朋友介绍我与其他两位同学与几家展览公司进行一些接触。当时是上海会展行业初步呈现规模、开始发展壮大的时期．有些展示公司由于业务繁忙，需要一些勤奋肯干的兼职学生参与设计，于是就有机会开始了最初的实践。后来也逐渐接触了另几家会展公司,参与了更多的展示设计工作，可以说基本上在大学的设计实践绎聆伞部来自干展示展览设计．     

Oscillating Cup Viscosity Measurements of Aluminum Alloys: A201, A319 and A356

An oscillating cup viscometer was developed to measure the absolute viscosities of molten metals. Previous experiments established the capability of the apparatus to characterize the viscosities of molten nickel-based superalloys. However, modifications to the instrument and its theoretical analysis were required for reliable measurements on molten aluminum alloys, presumably due to their lower densities and lower viscosities. The theoretical literature for the fluid flow inside an oscillating cup is reviewed, and a working equation without any correction factor is developed for the improved viscometer. Some design parameters of the viscometer that directly affect the accuracy of viscosity estimation by using the working equation are discussed. A special vertical furnace was adopted to uniformly heat a longer cylindrical sample (10 mm inner diameter and 120 mm length) with a temperature difference of less than 2°C over the sample length. The measuring procedure was also improved to get more accurate motion parameters. It is estimated that the working equation and improved instrument provide an uncertainty of less than 4%. In addition, applications and experimental data are presented for pure aluminum and three aluminum alloys: A201, A319, and A356.     

A model of flocculation

The phenomenon of flocculation in liquid suspensions has a variety of applications, including mineral processing, treatment of industrial effluents, and municipal sewage sludge purification. Obtaining metals from ores would not be possible without the slurry processing route. Flocculants play here a double role: limiting environmental contamination and also slowing down depletion of raw materials — including potable, industrial and agricultural water. Development of better flocculants requires improved understanding of the mechanism of their action. We propose a model of flocculation based on the assumption that effective flocculants pervade large volumes of liquids in the suspensions. Since many flocculants are polymers, good flocculants according to the model should have large radii of gyration R_G. We therefore assume a connection between R_G and settling velocities y of particles out of suspension. Four different types of aqueous suspensions are studied, containing in turn silica, coal, Mn ore and Fe ore. A unique relationship is demonstrated between R_G and y for several polymeric flocculants in each type of slurry. For each suspension type the corresponding equation has the form y = aR_G^b, where the two parameters characterize the suspended particles and the liquid medium. While polysaccharides from natural sources are used as flocculants, we show how their cationization enhances the flocculation efficiency in all media we have studied. Large effects are achieved for the flocculating agent concentrations in the range of 6-9 ppm.