Adaptive mesh subdivision for efficient light baking

Light baking has long been a popular technique for real-time rendering. It usually precomputes and bakes the global lighting effects as vertex attributes or textures. Vertex baking requires less memory but can cause artifacts for large triangles. Texture baking can avoid this and generate a high-quality visual effect in real-time rendering. However, it requires significant memory consumption, which may limit the real-time performance and usage. To address this problem, we propose an adaptive mesh subdivision algorithm for memory-efficient light baking, including a fast triangle subdivision level determination method and an optimized solution to calculate vertex colors. Only the subdivided mesh is required during the real-time rendering. Therefore, memory requirements can be significantly reduced while keeping the visual effect. Besides, the subdivision level is allowed to be intuitively controlled by users with a specified parameter. Our algorithm can be easily implemented on commodity graphics hardware and integrated in existing real-time applications such as online preview systems.     

阳极焙烧温度的建模与多变量解耦控制

阳极焙烧温度系统是一个含有耦合、大时滞、非线性的多变量控制系统。为实现对阳极焙烧温度的精确控制,依据现场采集的大量温度数据,辨识出阳极焙烧炉温度的二阶惯性滞后控制模型。以此模型为初始预测模型,提出阳极焙烧温度的多变量预测函数解耦控制方法,对焙烧温度进行多变量预测函数解耦控制。仿真和应用结果表明,这种控制方法的控制精度和鲁棒性优于原有的PID方法,具有很好的控制效果。     

焙烧烟气温度的建模与多变量解耦控制

阳极焙烧烟气温度是一个耦合的非线性的多变量控制时象,是提高电解铝生产质量和效率的主要参数,为实现其精确控制,依据现场实际测得的温度数据,辨识出烟气温度的控制模型.以此模型为初始预测模型,提出了一种多变量预测函数解耦控制方法.仿真研究了焙烧烟气温度解耦控制的有效性,与原有的焙烧烟气温度PID控制方法进行了实际应用比较.仿真和应用比较结果表明,这种控制方法的控制精度和鲁棒性优于原有的PID方法,具有很好的控制效果.     

基于分层结构保留的增量网络爬虫算法

为了提高目前爬虫算法抓取结果的有效性, 提出了一种旨在获取有效信息的改进网络爬虫算法, 主要设计了信息的分层结构保留策略和URL过滤模式。在改进算法中, 网络资源定位符被分层存储, 在保留信息全部拓扑关系的基础上, 将交错复杂的URL网络系统从一个图结构变为一个层次分明的树结构。在执行结构模式下, 实现了增量爬虫算法。仿真实验以实际网站的BBS为测试数据, 结果表明, 改进算法比现有网络爬虫算法在爬行速度、下载效率与信息有效性等方面有较大的优势。因此, 分层结构策略与URL过滤模式可以在增加少量计算时间的前提下极大提高爬虫抓取页面的有效性。     

基于STM32的窄带物联网烤箱设计

传统烤箱大多是机械式控温,受限于简单的控制方式,需要有经验的面点师才能完成面包的烘烤,无法满足规模化生产的需求.目前加盟式面包店对烤箱需求巨大,然而空间上分散的各个烤箱的维护过程需要高昂的人工成本,同时在人工维护的过程中难免会出现不及时、有疏漏等问题.为了解决这一问题,将烤箱加热管的控制方式从简单的旋钮计时器式控制改进为基于STM32的分段PID控制,提高控制精度.将面包的烤制环节提前数据化为控制参数,实现无需人工干预,一键完成烘烤,控温控时精确,保障良好的烤制效果.引入基于NB-IoT的物联网芯片,解决广域空间下多个烤箱控制参数同时修改问题,实现在Web界面上远程下载相应的烘烤菜单的功能,解决多台烤箱的统一管理问题,方便统一运营维护,降低运行成本.     

基于三菱PLC的烟叶初烤控制器设计

本文主要介绍了烟叶初烤的工艺过程、控制要求和控制原理以及PLC的工作原理和应用。以三菱FX2N系列PLC为核心构成初烤控制器，根据烟叶初烤工艺对干温、湿温的要求，控制器可以自动有效地控制初烤的整个过程，提高了烤烟的质量，降低了烟农的劳动强度。     

遗传算法在烘焙面包品质分类中的研究与应用

焙面包切片区域图像的灰值游程矩阵提取数学统计量参数作为纹理特征,利用神经网络实现对面包品质的分类.由于神经网络是一种黑箱操作,难以对分布在其中的知识进行解释.采用基于对隐层神经元输出值聚类的遗传算法实现了对面包品质分类的规则抽取,实验结果表明该方法具有优良的识别效果.     

图像处理技术在面包烘焙品质检验中的应用

阐速了数字图像处理技术在烘焙面包品质检验中的应用,依据灰度共现矩阵算法提取图像的纹理特征,并通过二值化后的烘焙面包切片计算出其体积。试验结果表明,该方法不仅为面包烘焙品质的快速自动检验提供了客观准确的科学依据,使感官评价的指标客观化,而且经济可行。     

主元分析法在烘焙面包切片图像特征提取中的应用

阐述主元分析在烘焙面包品质检验中的应用,并在图像的特征提取方法方面进行了探讨.试验结果表明,该方法为面包烘焙品质的快速自动检验提供了客观准确的科学依据,使感官评价的指标客观化.     

烟叶初烤智能控制实用算法

针对非工厂的温度、湿度耦合的烟叶初烤过程,提出了一种模糊控制与解耦规则结合的智能控制实用算法.根据烟叶初烤工艺要求和操作特点,为初烤阶段设计了可变因子模糊控制算法.引入解耦规则修正模糊控制器输出.试验表明,该智能控制保证了稳定性、快速性,提高了适应性.     

烘烤控制系统的UML建模与实现

钢包烘烤控制系统多采用可编程逻辑控制器做控制系统.针对钢包烘烤控制系统,以面向对象方法进行分析和建模,以统一建模语言为工具,进行系统功能分析、对象行为分析并建立系统时序图,从而为烘烤控制系统建立模型.经程序验证,在烘烤控制系统中引入面向对象思想,不仅简化了控制系统程序,并且提高了系统的可维护性.     

面包烘焙品质检验中纹理特征的提取

阐述了数字图像处理技术在烘焙面包品质检验中的应用,并依据烘焙面包切片区域图像的灰值游程矩阵,在图像的纹理特征的提取方法方面进行了探讨.试验结果表明,该方法为面包烘焙品质的快速自动检验提供了客观准确的科学依据,使感官评价的指标客观化.     

Interactive Indirect Illumination Using Voxel Cone Tracing

Indirect illumination is an important element for realistic image synthesis, but its computation is expensive and highly dependent on the complexity of the scene and of the BRDF of the involved surfaces. While off‐line computation and pre‐baking can be acceptable for some cases, many applications (games, simulators, etc.) require real‐time or interactive approaches to evaluate indirect illumination. We present a novel algorithm to compute indirect lighting in real‐time that avoids costly precomputation steps and is not restricted to low‐frequency illumination. It is based on a hierarchical voxel octree representation generated and updated on the fly from a regular scene mesh coupled with an approximate voxel cone tracing that allows for a fast estimation of the visibility and incoming energy. Our approach can manage two light bounces for both Lambertian and glossy materials at interactive framerates (25–70FPS). It exhibits an almost scene‐independent performance and can handle complex scenes with dynamic content thanks to an interactive octree‐voxelization scheme. In addition, we demonstrate that our voxel cone tracing can be used to efficiently estimate Ambient Occlusion.     

Identification of complex systems based on neural and Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model

The paper describes a neuro-fuzzy identification approach, which uses numerical data as a starting point. The proposed method generates a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model, characterized with transparency, high accuracy and a small number of rules. The process of self-organizing of the identification model consists of three phases: clustering of the input-output space using a self-organized neural network; determination of the parameters of the consequent part of a rule from over-determined batch least-squares formulation of the problem, using singular value decomposition algorithm; and on-line adaptation of these parameters using recursive least-squares method. The verification of the proposed identification approach is provided using four different problems: two benchmark identification problems, speed estimation for a dc motor drive, and estimation of the temperature in a tunnel furnace for clay baking.     

基于快速以太网的阳极焙烧车间信息化改造

针对某电解铝厂的阳极焙烧车间信息化现状存在的不足之处,给出了基于快速以太网的信息化改造方案,并对其中的关键技术进行了详细的描述。本项目的信息化改造一方面完善了焙烧车间信息网络的监控功能,同时将车间级的监控网络连接进了厂级信息管理系统,也加强了厂级信息管理系统的完整性。实际运行表明,此改造方案安全可靠。     

即熟型3D食品打印机的设计

针对现有3D食品打印机打印后无法直接烤熟食用的不足,设计了一种恒温加热、恒压匀速出料、快速烤熟的即熟型3D食品打印机.采用虚拟制造技术,通过SolidWorks软件设计3D食品打印机的机械系统,并基于PC机设计了3D食品打印机的测控系统.采用气压传感器实时检测物料瓶内气压,并实现匀速出料控制;采用PT100温度传感器检测烤盘表面温度,实现恒温加热控制;通过有限元分析及实验研究,给出烤盘合适的加热温度和打印轨迹.实验表明,所设计的即熟型3D食品打印机可以高效、高品质地实现食品的3D打印和烤熟,具有较好的实用价值.     

基于聚类遗传算法的神经网络规则抽取及应用

提出了一种基于Gabor滤波器和神经网络规则抽取的烘焙面包品质分类方法。滤波器对烘焙面包切片区域灰度图像直接进行小波变换,用能量均值"和均方差!来表示灰度图像的纹理特征,并基于对隐层神经元输出值聚类的遗传算法实现了对面包品质分类的规则抽取。实验结果表明了该方法的实用性和可行性。     

The effect of residual solvent on the profiles of thick positive DNO-photoresist for Microsystem Technologies

To fabricate microstructures with heights between 10 and 100 μm and smallest structural dimensions of several micrometers optical lithography is widely used. In this case positive photoresists of the DQN-type together with contact printing have been used by various groups to produce templates for electroplating. A common feature of the resist processes described in the literature is a concave resist profile with the narrowest part at approximately 2/3 of the resist height. As the structure width becomes smaller, the vanishing of this neck determines the smallest structures that can be obtained. this corresponds to a maximum aspect ratio of about 6. Within a model for the resist development based on percolation theory, a quadratic dependence of the dissolution rate on the solvent concentration is postulated in the theoretical section. The solvent concentration may be measured by weighing samples before and after baking and the overall content may be varied by different baking times in the range between 10 and 25%. The measurement of the average dissolution rate qualitatively supports the quadratic dependence postulated by the theory. A depth resolved measurement of the dissolution rate shows a significantly reduced rate in the top 1/3 of unexposed resist which suggests that the solvent content in the top 1/3 is drastically reduced. Based on the model, a detailed discussion of various experimental effects of thick DNQ-resists follows. In particular, the dried surface of the resist is made responsible for the concave resist profile in the top parts while near the substrate details of exposure dose, resist bleaching and diffraction need to be taken into account. In view of fabricating microstructures using DQN-resists with a high aspect ratio near 10 and vertical sidewalls, the baking as well as resist performance and exposure optics will have to be optimized.     

The effect of residual solvent on the profiles of thick positive DNO-photoresist for microsystem technologies

To fabricate microstructures with heights between 10 and 100 μm and smallest structural dimensions of several micrometers optical lithography is widely used. In this case positive photoresists of the DQN-type together with contact printing have been used by various groups to produce templates for electroplating. A common feature of the resist processes described in the literature is a concave resist profile with the narrowest part at approximately 2/3 of the resist height. As the structure width becomes smaller, the vanishing of this neck determines the smallest structures that can be obtained. This corresponds to a maximum aspect ratio of about 6. Within a model for the resist development based on percolation theory, a quadratic dependence of the dissolution rate on the solvent concentration is postulated in the theoretical section. The solvent concentration may be measured by weighing samples before and after baking and the overall content may be varied by different baking times in the range between 10 and 25%. The measurement of the average dissolution rate qualitatively supports the quadratic dependence postulated by the theory. A depth resolved measurement of the dissolution rate shows a significantly reduced rate in the top 1/3 of unexposed resist which suggests that the solvent content in the top 1/3 is drastically reduced. Based on the model, a detailed discussion of various experimental effects of thick DNQ-resists follows. In particular, the dried surface of the resist is made responsible for the concave resist profile in the top parts while near the substrate details of exposure dose, resist bleaching and diffraction need to be taken into account. In view of fabricating microstructures using DQN-resists with a high aspect ratio near 10 and vertical sidewalls, the baking as well as resist performance and exposure optics will have to be optimized.     

面向三维模型轻量化的自私羊群优化算法研究

针对传统三维仿真模型优化的费时、费力、占用大量内存以及渲染时的画面丢帧、报错等问题,提出一种基于自私羊群智能优化的三维模型轻量化方法3DL-SHO,在确保三维数据准确性的基础上,降低冗余类型、减少场景的数据量、加快模型的优化速度,同时利用3DMax脚本语言MAXScript实现了轻量化处理方法,方便烘焙。通过对BIM系统以及电厂三维仿真系统的几种智能优化算法的对比实验证明,采用该方法可快速执行所有3DMax批量化操作,显著提高了建模和优化的效率。