一种红外焦平面的数字化输出设计方案

为了实现红外焦平面数字化输出，设计了一种带片上模数转换的焦平面读出电路，包括一个8×1的读出电路单元阵列和一个基于逐次逼近算法的10位模数转换器。单元读出电路采用了电容反馈负阻抗放大器结构作为输入级，输出的信号经采样保持后通过多路传输送到模数转换器。设计的逐次逼近型的模数转换器中的比较器采用的是两级开环结构，数模转换器采用的是高位电荷缩放低位电压缩放型的结构。在Cadence全定制设计平台下，采用0．6μm双多晶硅、双金属层的CMOS工艺模型对电路进行了仿真和版图设计。整个读出电路采用5V电压供电，20kHz的采样输出时仿真平均功耗约为5mW。     

一种红外焦平面的数字化输出设计方案

为了实现红外焦平面数字化输出,设计了一种带片上模数转换的焦平面读出电路,包括一个8×1的读出电路单元阵列和一个基于逐次逼近算法的10位模数转换器.单元读出电路采用了电容反馈负阻抗放大器结构作为输入级,输出的信号经采样保持后通过多路传输送到模数转换器.设计的逐次逼近型的模数转换器中的比较器采用的是两级开环结构,数模转换器采用的是高位电荷缩放低位电压缩放型的结构.在Cadence全定制设计平台下,采用0.6μm双多晶硅、双金属层的CMOS工艺模型对电路进行了仿真和版图设计.整个读出电路采用5V电压供电,20kHz的采样输出时仿真平均功耗约为5mW.     

红外焦平面读出电路集成数字输出

为了实现红外焦平面数字化输出,设计了一种集成片上模数转换的焦平面读出电路,包括一个512512的读出电路单元阵列和列共享的逐次逼近寄存器型模数转换器(SAR ADC)。单元读出电路采用了直接注入(DI)结构作为输入级,输出的信号通过多路传输送到模数转换器。设计的逐次逼近型的模数转换器中的比较器采用的是由前置放大器、锁存器、自偏置差分放大器和输出驱动器组成的高速比较器,数模转换器(DAC)采用的是三段式的电荷按比例缩放和电压按比例缩放相结合的结构。在Cadence和Synopsys设计平台下对模拟和数字部分电路分别进行设计、仿真与版图设计。电路工艺采用GLOBALFOUNDRIES公司0.35 m CMOS 3.3 V工艺加工流片。测试结果显示SAR ADC有效位数为8.2位,转换频率超过150 k Samples/s,功耗低于300 W,满足焦平面100帧频以及低功耗的需求。     

双色红外焦平面阵列读出电路设计

根据P-N-N-P型叠层双色红外焦平面阵列探测器结构及其等效电路,提出了一种128×128同时积分、同时读出型双色红外焦平面读出电路原理及实现方式。单元电路采用直接注入结构作为输入级,在给定的单元面积内获得了较大的积分电容,满足了单元电路内中、短波两个独立的积分信号通道的需求。仿真结果表明该电路满足预定的设计要求,积分时间可调,读出速率大于等于5MHz,中、短波输出电压的线性度均达到99%以上,功耗约68mW。     

短波红外焦平面弱信号读出的高帧频模拟链路设计

针对短波红外焦平面阵列探测器弱信号耦合、高帧频输出和噪声抑制的要求, 文中设计了512256面阵探测器读出电路（ROIC）的高帧频模拟信号链路结构。完整的模拟信号链包含运放积分型（CTIA）单元输入级、相关双采样、电荷放大器和互补型输出级。在低温模型基础上,进行了前仿真和提取版图寄生参数的后仿真。仿真得到输出动态范围为2.8V,8路输出的工作帧频高于250Hz。基于CSMC-6S05DPTM0.5m 工艺完成流片,读出电路ROIC芯片的测试结果与仿真结果基本一致,为短波红外焦平面探测器弱信号读出提供了有效的设计选择。     

GaN紫外焦平面CTIA结构读出电路小面积设计及仿真

随着GaN紫外焦平面的发展,焦平面的阵列规模越来越大,单元探测器的面积越来越小,对GaN紫外焦平面的读出电路进行设计,实现读出电路单元面积为37μm×37μm,阵列规模为8×8元.本设计采用电容反馈互阻抗放大器(CITA)结构作为输入级,列共用方式的采样保持电路,源级跟随器作为输出级,用移位寄存器来控制行、列选通并控制电路工作的时序.本文的整个电路设计基于Cadence设计平台,对电路进行了Spectre仿真,面阵的工作状况良好,保持良好的线性.     

红外焦平面列级ADC数字读出电路测试技术研究

数字化红外焦平面器件是焦平面发展的重要方向,其核心是读出电路集成高性能模数转换器(ADC)。分析了读出电路数字化输出后焦平面性能参数的评价方法,阐述了红外焦平面列级ADC的静态测试和动态测试方法,提出了基于斜坡电压输入的过采样原理测试ADC静态性能,提升无误码分辨率测试正确性。针对ADC静态测试和动态测试要求,结合Labview软件和数字采集卡搭建了软硬件测试平台,并通过一款数字焦平面芯片的测试,验证了测试方法和平台适用于行列级ADC数字化读出电路的测试评价。     

一种用于视频采集10bit低功耗SARADC的设计

本文通过对逐次逼近型ADC原理的分析,设计了一种用于视频采集10 bit,900KS/s的逐次逼近型模拟数字转换器(SAR ADC),该模数转换器主要由采样保持、DAC、比较器和数字逻辑控制器组成。其中,DAC采用电荷定标型结构,利用对称电容阵列结构减少电容所占面积,同时提高缩放电容的匹配精度;比较器采用三级预放大器加一级动态锁存器结构,并且该比较器采用了失调校准技术来提高比较器的精度。电路采用SMIC 0.13um 1P6M CMOS工艺进行设计,仿真结果表明,在900KS/s的采样速率下,有效位数可达8.7bit,功耗仅为1.02mW。     

一种应用于10位逐次逼近ADC的比较器设计

文中提出了一种应用于10位逐次逼近ADC的比较器。该比较器包括预放大器、中间放大器、输出驱动级及共模电平缓冲器。整体开环设计,采用多级级联的形式以满足增益和速度的要求;采用输出失调消除技术进行失调校正;为了提高共模电平的驱动能力和缩短建立时间,采用分压电路加单位增益放大器的结构。基于3.3V电源电压、TSMC0.18μmCMOS工艺下,仿真结果表明,完全满足最高采样频率30MHz、10位精度的模数转换器要求。     

一种用于视频采集10bit低功耗SAR ADC的设计

本文通过对逐次逼近型ADC原理的分析,设计了一种用于视频采集10bit,900KS／S的逐次逼近型模拟数字转换器（SARADC）,该模数转换器主要由采样保持、DAC、比较器和数字逻辑控制器组成。其中,DAC采用电荷定标型结构,利用对称电容阵列结构减少电容所占面积,同时提高缩放电容的匹配精度;比较器采用三级预放大器加一级动态锁存器结构,并且该比较器采用了失调校准技术来提高比较器的精度。电路采用SMIC0．13um 1P6M CMOS工艺进行设计,仿真结果表明,在900KS／s的采样速率下,有效位数可达8．7bit,功耗仅为1．02mW。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks