电极材料参加反应的有机电解合成

电极材料参加反应的有机电解合成有很多优点，是有机电解合成中的又一新的领域。本文介绍了电极材料参加反应的特点和作用，并对电解合成金属有机化合物、二氧化碳电解固定合成羧酸、使用硫黄电极的合成反应等方面做了简单的介绍。     

2，3－二甲基－2，3－丁二醇的电化学合成

介绍用丙酮电解还原合成频那醇的方法。电解合成反应可以在碱性介质或酸性介质条件下进行。并对不同电极、温度和电流密度对反应电流效率影响进行了研究。     

利用电解脱羧（Kolbe）反应的有机合成

利用电解脱羧(Kolbe)反应的合成是有机合成方法中最古老而又最有价值的有机电合成方法。本文首先简单概述利用电解脱羧反应合成的原理,综述了电解脱羧反应生成自由基和阳离子的有利条件,最后介绍有关利用电解脱羧反应在有机合成上的应用。     

2,3—甲基—2,3—丁二醇的电化学合成

介绍用丙酮电解还原合成频那醇的方法。电解合成可以在碱性介质或酸性介质条件下进行。并对不同电极、温度和电流密度对反应电流效率影响进行了研究。     

有机硅化合物的电解合成和电极反应

本文主要介绍有机硅化合物的电解合成和电极反应的几种方法及其生成物。     

二茂铁的电合成及反应条件研究

以高纯度的环戊二烯(CPD)为原料,以金属铁为阳极,卤化盐作为导电盐,有机溶剂作为介质,在采用氮气保护的情况下电解合成二茂铁。对电解合成二茂铁的反应条件进行了优化研究,结果表明:电解液比例为二甲基亚砜(mL)∶环戊二烯(mL)∶溴化钠(moL)=10∶1∶0.008。实验分别以铁板和镍板作为工作电极和对电极,极板间距为1~1.5 cm,电解电压为3.2~5.2 V(vs.SCE),反应时间为5 h,反应温度为40℃,强烈搅拌条件下电解合成效率较高。     

有机电解合成技术与应用

有阐述有机电解合成反应基本原理的基础上，讨论了几种有机电解合成方法与技术及其应用。     

节能型电解葡萄糖的研究

本工作根据间接电合成和成对电解的原理，以Ｂｒ＾－／Ｂｒ＾＋作为媒质，由葡萄糖间接合成为葡萄糖酸；以葡萄糖为基质，在两电极上分别生成葡萄糖酸和甘露醇，山梨醇，结果表明，以上电解方式确能达节能目的。     

电解法由草酸制备乙醛酸的研究

研究了在常温下用SPE电极将草酸电解成乙醛酸的电解反应,并进行了SPE电极的制备和重复利用性的研究.结果表明:利用SPE电极对草酸进行电解具有环保、转化率高,节能等特点,有工业生产应用的价值.     

间接电解氧化合成的进展

本文对间接电解氧化合成所需要的媒质、相转移催化剂及间接电解氧化合成反应和近年来间接电解氧化合成的新方法进行了阐述。     

成对电合成技术的新进展

介绍了作者在有机电合成技术方面的研究成果 ,结合已研究成功的实例 ,简介了每个工艺的原理、最佳工艺条件、所获得产品的电流效率及产物的质量分数。结合有机电合成的发展方向 ,介绍了近期作者在阴极间接电氧化和阳极间接电氧化所做的工作 ,这一研究将会促进有机电合成的发展 ,开拓有机电合成的思路 ,扩大有机电合成的研究范围 ,使阴极、阳极能合成更多、更复杂、更有意义的有机化合物     

Application of an electrochemical pulsed flow reactor to electroorganic synthesis: Part I: Reduction of acetophenone

The aim of this work is to investigate the use of a new type of reactor for electroorganic synthesis. The concept of the reactor is based on the principle of the porous percolated pulsed electrode (E3P) which was primarily developed at commercial scale for metal recovery in waste waters. The reactor is fitted with a three-dimensional electrode, of axial configuration, consisting of ordered stacks of discs of expanded metal. It can be supplied either by a homogeneous electrolyte or by an emulsion generated by an external ultrasonic system. The pulsation of the electrolyte represents a very effective means of improving mass transfer rates at the electrode. Under two phase conditions, the role of the pulsation is also to ensure the hydraulic transport of the emulsion and to increase the three phase contacts between the aqueous phase, the organic phase and the electrode. The efficiency of the reactor was tested using both homogeneous and two phase liquid–liquid electrolytes in the direct reduction process of an aromatic ketone. This study reports the effects of the pulsation on the mass transfer rate of acetophenone at the electrode. A comparative study of the behaviour of the E3P reactor towards different media is accomplished. Particular attention is paid to the chemical and faradaic yields, as well as to the selectivity of the reaction.     

Internal stress and magnetic properties of electrodeposited amorphous Fe–P alloys

The aim of this work is to investigate the use of a new type of reactor for electroorganic synthesis. The concept of the reactor is based on the principle of the porous percolated pulsed electrode (E3P) which was primarily developed at commercial scale for metal recovery in waste waters. The reactor is fitted with a three-dimensional electrode, of axial configuration, consisting of ordered stacks of discs of expanded metal. It can be supplied either by a homogeneous electrolyte or by an emulsion generated by an external ultrasonic system. The pulsation of the electrolyte represents a very effective means of improving mass transfer rates at the electrode. Under two phase conditions, the role of the pulsation is also to ensure the hydraulic transport of the emulsion and to increase the three phase contacts between the aqueous phase, the organic phase and the electrode. The efficiency of the reactor was tested using both homogeneous and two phase liquid–liquid electrolytes in the direct reduction process of an aromatic ketone. This study reports the effects of the pulsation on the mass transfer rate of acetophenone at the electrode. A comparative study of the behaviour of the E3P reactor towards different media is accomplished. Particular attention is paid to the chemical and faradaic yields, as well as to the selectivity of the reaction.     

消耗电极法在偶合反应合成有机物中的研究进展

自从20世纪80年代以来,人们对消耗电极法在偶合反应合成有机物中的应用进行了大量的研究。本文总结了近30多年来国内外在利用消耗电极法进行偶合反应合成有机物方面的研究现状并简述了消耗电极法在合成有机物中的特点与作用。     

Segmented thin-gap flow cells for process intensification in electrosynthesis

Design calculations are presented for a single-pass high-conversion electrochemical reactor suitable for process intensification in electroorganic synthesis. The key feature of the design is the use of a segmented working electrode, combined with a small anode—cathode gap. Each working electrode segment is operated at an optimal local current density, defined with respect to the local diffusion—limited current density of the reacting species. Two reactor configurations are considered:(i) an adiabatic reactor, and (ii) an isothermal reactor with integrated heat exchange. Calculated results for the devices in a classical electroorganic synthesis system, the methoxylation of 4-methoxy-toluene, are presented and the general features and performance characteristics of the cell are compared with those of a more conventional capillary-gap cell, currently used industrially. For an electrode gap of 0.1 mm, the average current density attainable in the novel design is of the order of 2700 A m⁻² in the adiabatic reactor and of the order of 7100 A m⁻² in the isothermal reactor, respectively, 5 and 14 times higher than the current densities applied in the current industrial process. In addition to process intensification, other advantages of the proposed technology are the absence of reactant recycle, short residence times and plug flow of the reagents, all of which contribute to improved process selectivity.     

我国有机电解合成工业的现状与前景

介绍了我国有机电解合成工业的现状，已有Ｌ－半胱氨酸盐酸盐、丁二酸、乙醛酸、对氨基酚、对硝基苯甲酸、对氟苯甲醛等１２个产品已经工业化或在中试。与国外现状进行了对比，对前景充满了希望。     

有机废水的电催化法降解研究现状

阐述了有机废水电催化法降解机理;综述了传统二维电极、新型三维电极电催化降解有机废水的原理及其应用现状,PbO2电极在三维电极处理有机废水中的应用现状、反应机理以及改性PbO2电极的研究进展;最后对未来发展方向进行了展望。     

电化学合成重铬酸钠阳极稳态极化及交流阻抗法研究

针对重铬酸钠传统生产技术存在问题,提出电化学合成重铬酸钠的绿色新技术,阳极为自制钛基多元金属氧化物复合电极,所用阳极液为铬酸钠水溶液.阳极既是电催化合成过程的催化剂,又是电催化反应进行的场所.根据电催化合成重铬酸钠体系的特点,运用稳态极化曲线和交流阻抗技术研究了阳极反应动力学及电化学行为.实验测得阳极反应活化能等电极反...     

L-脯氨酰胺在不对称Aldol反应中催化应用研究进展

Aldol反应是构建C-C键最有效的有机合成方法之一,不对称Aldol反应产物是合成多种复杂有机化合物的重要原料或关键中间体。L-脯氨酰胺是催化不对称Aldol反应的重要手性催化剂之一,具有结构多样、合成简洁、立体选择性高等优点,近年来被广泛地研究。对近年来L-脯氨酰胺类手性催化剂在不对称Aldol反应中的催化应用进行综述。