莴苣籽油的超临界CO_2萃取工艺及其脂肪酸组成分析

以莴苣籽为原料,利用超临界CO2对其进行萃取。通过单因素实验考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、CO2流量、一次性投料量、粉碎粒度对莴苣籽油得率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验优化了超临界CO2萃取莴苣籽油的最佳工艺,并采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析其脂肪酸组成。结果表明,超临界CO2萃取莴苣籽油的最佳工艺条件为:一次性投料量50 g,粉碎粒度24目,萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度45℃,CO2流量6 L/min和萃取时间4 h。在最佳工艺条件下,莴苣籽油得率为17.92%。莴苣籽油脂肪酸组成主要为亚油酸(56.420%)、油酸(22.562%)、棕榈酸(7.795%),其中不饱和脂肪酸含量为86.682%。     

榅桲籽油超临界CO_2萃取及其脂肪酸组成分析

以榅桲籽为原料,以榅桲籽油得率为评价指标,采用超临界CO_2萃取技术对其进行萃取。在单因素实验基础上,运用正交实验优化榅桲籽油的超临界CO_2萃取工艺,并用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对榅桲籽油脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果表明,超临界CO_2萃取榅桲籽油的最佳工艺条件为:投料量50 g,粉碎粒度30目,萃取压力35 MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间3 h,CO_2流量6 L/min。在最佳工艺条件下,榅桲籽油得率为19.85%。榅桲籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量为91.40%,其中亚油酸52.13%、油酸37.52%和亚麻酸1.75%。     

黄刺玫籽油的超临界CO_2萃取及营养成分分析

采用超临界CO_2萃取技术萃取黄刺玫籽油。采用单因素试验考察了黄刺玫籽粉碎粒度、水分含量、萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、CO_2流量、分离压力及分离温度对黄刺玫籽油萃取率的影响,并通过正交试验确定了最佳工艺条件。得到超临界CO_2萃取黄刺玫籽油的最佳工艺条件为:粉碎粒度40目,水分含量5.0%,萃取压力25 MPa,萃取温度40℃,CO_2流量15 L/h,萃取时间2 h,分离压力8.5 MPa,分离温度45℃。在最佳工艺条件下,黄刺玫籽油萃取率可达94.38%。对黄刺玫籽油的理化性质、脂肪酸组成、VE、VA及微量元素进行了分析检测。结果表明:黄刺玫籽油酸值(KOH)为0.73 mg/g、过氧化值为0.026 g/100 g;脂肪酸组成主要为棕榈酸(3.57%)、硬脂酸(1.45%)、油酸(16.95%)、亚油酸(53.88%)及亚麻酸(24.06%),其中不饱和脂肪酸含量为94.89%;黄刺玫籽油中含有VE193.5μg/g、VA36.8μg/g及多种微量元素。     

超临界CO2萃取甜瓜籽油工艺及其脂肪酸组成分析

采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取甜瓜籽油,在单因素实验的基础上,运用正交实验设计优化工艺条件。结果表明超临界CO2萃取甜瓜籽油的最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间5 h,CO2流量8 L/min,甜瓜籽粉碎粒度24目。在最佳条件下,甜瓜籽油得率为29.34%。利用GC-MS对甜瓜籽油脂肪酸组成进行分析,结果表明超临界CO2萃取的甜瓜籽油共鉴定出12种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸(10.87%)、硬脂酸(5.57%)为主,不饱和脂肪酸以亚油酸(64.29%)、油酸(16.64%)为主。     

超临界CO2萃取薜荔籽油工艺研究

采用超临界C02萃取技术,对薜荔籽中薜荔籽油的萃取工艺进行探讨.研究粉碎度、萃取压力、萃取温度、C02流量和萃取时间对薜荔籽油出油率的影响.实验表明,超临界CO2萃取薜荔籽油的最佳工艺参数是粉碎度40目、萃取压力25MPa、萃取温度40℃、C02流量25L/h、萃取时间90min,薜荔籽油的出油率最高,达到20.93%.     

超临界CO_2流体萃取琉璃苣籽油及其脂肪酸分析

利用超临界CO2流体萃取技术萃取琉璃苣籽油,考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和CO2流量对琉璃苣籽油出油率的影响,并通过正交试验确定了超临界CO2萃取琉璃苣籽油的最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明,超临界CO2萃取琉璃苣籽油的最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力25 MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间2.5 h,CO2流量45 L/h。在此条件下,出油率为28.08%。气相色谱对琉璃苣籽油的脂肪酸组成分析表明,琉璃苣籽油富含油酸、亚油酸和γ-亚麻酸。     

微波辅助超临界CO2萃取三叶木通籽油的工艺研究

为保证超临界CO_2萃取三叶木通籽油的品质,运用微波技术对原料进行预处理。采用单因素实验和正交实验对微波预处理工艺条件及超临界CO_2萃取工艺条件进行优化。结果表明:微波预处理最佳工艺条件为微波处理时间90 s、原料粉碎粒度80目、原料水分含量7. 0%,超临界CO_2萃取最佳工艺条件为萃取温度45℃、萃取压力30 MPa、萃取时间2. 5 h,在此条件下三叶木通籽油提取率高达95. 3%。该工艺条件下所得三叶木通籽油品质较高,总黄酮含量高达137. 3 mg/kg。     

超临界CO_2萃取奇亚籽油工艺优化及抗氧化活性的研究

为高效地提取奇亚籽油,采用单因素及正交实验优化超临界CO_2萃取奇亚籽油最佳工艺条件,考察物料粒度、萃取压力、萃取温度以及萃取时间4个因素对奇亚籽油萃取率的影响,并对奇亚籽油进行抗氧化活性的测定。结果表明:超临界CO_2萃取奇亚籽油最佳工艺条件为物料粒度60目、萃取压力25 MPa、萃取温度50℃、萃取时间2.5 h,奇亚籽油萃取率为85.50%。奇亚籽油中富含不饱和脂肪酸,占总脂肪酸的88.22%,其中亚麻酸高达69.86%。抗氧化实验表明,奇亚籽油对DPPH自由基和ABTS~+自由基具有较强的清除作用,对超氧阴离子自由基也显示出一定清除效果。     

花椒籽仁油的超临界CO_2萃取

以碱皂化后的花椒籽为原料,以出油率为指标,采用单因素实验和正交试验优化超临界CO2萃取花椒籽仁油的工艺条件。实验结果表明,在物料粒度40目、物料含水率10%、CO2流量80 L/h、萃取压力35 MPa、萃取温度35℃、萃取时间2.5 h的条件下,花椒籽仁油的出油率达到19.98%,所得花椒籽仁油(毛油)各项质量指标达到花椒籽油GB 22479-2008的二级标准。     

超临界CO2萃取柴达木枸杞籽油工艺与籽油成分研究

采用L9(34)正交实验与单因素实验相结合的方法,考察了萃取温度、压力、CO2流量、时间等对超临界CO2萃取枸杞籽油出油率的影响,优化了枸杞籽油的萃取工艺,得出最佳工艺条件:温度45℃,流量30L/h,压力30MPa,提取时间60min,在最佳工艺条件下枸杞籽油出油率为18.86%。采用HPLC-APCI-MS柱前衍生法分析了枸杞籽油的组成,测得枸杞籽油中不饱和脂肪酸占89.01%,其中亚油酸与油酸含量最高,分别占63.05%和21.13%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press