硝酸盐浓度及缺氧好氧时段对反硝化聚磷诱导过程的影响

在以厌氧 缺氧 好氧方式运行的SBR反应器中 ,通过改变电子受体———硝酸盐的浓度、缺氧好氧时段 ,研究了反硝化聚磷菌的诱导条件及反硝化聚磷过程的影响因素。试验结果表明 :聚磷菌 (PAOs)包括仅以氧作为电子受体的非脱氮聚磷菌 (non DNPAOs)和既可以氧作为电子受体又可以硝酸盐为电子受体的脱氮聚磷菌 (DNPAOs)。影响脱氮聚磷菌所完成的反硝化聚磷过程的主要因素是电子受体浓度和缺氧好氧时段。     

AAO与AO工艺污泥反硝化除磷菌构成研究

反硝化除磷技术因节约碳源、能源而备受关注。以实验室稳定运行的连续流厌氧,缺氧／好氧（AAO）和厌氧／好氧（AO）除磷工艺污泥为研究对象,设计批式试验考察了硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐为电子受体时两种污泥反硝化除磷代谢过程。根据不同电子受体磷去除速率的差异将上述两系统内聚磷菌细分为以氧为唯一电子受体的聚磷菌（Po）,仅以氧、硝氮为电子受体的聚磷菌（PON）和能以氧、硝氮及亚硝氮为电子受体的聚磷菌（PONn）3类,分析结果表明AAO工艺聚磷菌中上述3类功能微生物数量比约为54：16：30．而AOT艺聚磷菌中上述3类功能微生物数量比约为77：3：20。结合聚磷菌划分进一步讨论了不同系统污泥反硝化除磷过程中重要胞内聚合物PHB变化与吸磷量之间的统计关系。     

基于短程反硝化和厌氧氨氧化的城镇污水处理新工艺

厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMox）是迄今为止最具有可持续性的污水脱氮途径。但厌氧氨氧化用于城镇污水时却遭遇到亚硝酸盐难以获取的困境。为此提出将反硝化进行到一半,积累亚硝酸盐作为厌氧氨氧化反应电子受体。据此提出了以短程反硝化和厌氧氨氧化联用为核心的城镇污水脱氮除磷新工艺。对该工艺的可行性进行了分析并提出了今后的研究方向。     

低碳城市污水反硝化除磷若干影响因素的试验研究

广州地区城市污水碳量严重偏低、碳氮磷比例失调,其同步脱氮除磷一直是个难题,为此以SBR法进行反硝化除磷影响因素的试验研究.试验表明:缺氧段硝酸盐负荷决定反硝化吸磷效果,在硝酸盐足量情况下,缺氧除磷率达到99.4%.通过对ORP与pH的在线监测发现,ORP无法作为缺氧吸磷过程的控制参数,pH可以指示缺氧吸磷情况.以亚硝酸盐氮作为电子受体研究发现,15 mg/L以下的亚硝酸盐氮可以作为电子受体进行吸磷作用,当亚硝酸盐氮浓度达到23.8 mg/L时,反硝化吸磷受到了明显的抑制;厌氧初始pH在6～8变化时,厌氧释磷量随着pH的升高而增加,pH变化只影响厌氧释磷量,不影响释磷速率.缺氧初始pH降到6时,反硝化吸磷效果变差,缺氧段pH偏碱性条件下,反硝化除磷仍能够稳定进行.     

污水有机碳源和电子受体对除磷的影响

考察厌氧-缺氧SBR(A2SBR)工艺中主导生化反应过程及聚磷污泥的特性,为反硝化除磷脱氮工艺的应用提供运行控制参数.在稳定运行的A2SBR系统进水中分别投加NaAC和葡萄糖作为碳源,进行对比试验.结果表明,进水中的有机物越容易降解,反硝化除磷菌(DPB)厌氧释磷速率越快,后续的缺氧吸磷效果也越好.同时通过静态试验考察了不同浓度CODCr、NO3--N、不同类型电子受体对DPB反硝化除磷效果的影响.结果表明,进水CODCr为300 mg/L、NO3--N为60mg/L时反硝化除磷效果最佳,同时缺氧段瞬时投加NO3--N利于驯化DPB对NO2--N的适应性,可以实现DPB利用不同类型的电子受体进行吸磷作用.     

城市污水脱氮除磷SBR在线控制系统研究

SBR采用进水—厌氧—好氧—缺氧—好氧—沉淀—出水的运行方式处理城市污水。反应器装备有DO、ORP和pH等在线检测传感器。DO、ORP和pH变化的一些特征点可以用来判断和控制SBR中污水脱氮除磷过程的各个步骤。这包括:厌氧时,ORP和pH的转折点对应磷的释放;一次好氧时,DO、ORP的氨肘和pH的氨谷对应硝化结束;缺氧时,ORP的硝酸盐膝和pH的硝酸盐峰对应反硝化结束;二次好氧时,DO、ORP碳肘对应剩余碳的氧化结束,pH的转折点对应聚磷结束。控制系统能进行全自动运行来完成污水的脱氮除磷。     

污水处理厂反硝化除磷研究及实践

结合苏州娄江污水处理厂生产运行实践,研究了改良型一体化交替反应池在实现良好反硝化除磷条件下的运行工况.实践表明,提高反硝化除磷的关键是要有充足的硝酸盐氮为反硝化聚磷菌(DPB)提供电子受体,当NO-2N浓度在5 mg/L以上时,可以实现较好的反硝化除磷;当SRT为12～14 d时,反硝化除磷和系统脱氮除磷效果最好,生物除磷运行成本较低.此外,进水COD/TP、好氧池DO、厌氧池MLSS以及SRT也是影响一体化反应池生物除磷的主要因素.针对雨季低负荷运行除磷效果不理想的现象,提出了相应的工况运行措施.     

NO-2-N、MLSS对反硝化脱氮除磷的影响

通过对实验室培养的富集反硝化聚磷菌活性污泥在不同电子受体条件、不同MLSS条件下进行缺氧批式试验,研究了NO-2-N作为电子受体时对反硝化脱氮除磷的影响,并与NO-3-N作为电子受体时进行比较。同时分析了MLSS对反硝化脱氮除磷的影响。结果表明:NO-2-N可作为电子受体被DPAOs利用,但是过量的NO-2-N会对吸磷产生抑制作用;NO-2-N作为电子受体可能同时参与了反硝化除磷和常规的内源反硝化。此外,增加活性污泥浓度(MLSS)可提高缺氧吸磷速率,但过高的污泥浓度会导致单位污泥的吸磷速率降低,因此需合理控制反硝化除磷中的MLSS。     

城市污水生物脱氮除磷新技术

概述城市污水生物脱氮除磷的基本原理,重点介绍了同时硝化反硝化、短程硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、反硝化除磷几种生物脱氮除磷新技术的原理和研究现状,并认为随着生物脱氮除磷技术的发展,研究和开发经济、高效、低能耗生物脱氮除磷技术将成为发展趋势。     

城市污水生物脱氮除磷新技术

概述城市污水生物脱氮除磷的基本原理,重点介绍了同时硝化反硝化、短程硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、反硝化除磷几种生物脱氮除磷新技术的原理和研究现状,并认为随着生物脱氮除磷技术的发展,研究和开发经济、高效、低能耗生物脱氯除磷技术将成为发展趋势.     

不同电子受体的反硝化除磷效果对比研究

反硝化除磷作用可以明显节省脱氮除磷过程的碳源需求和能耗。为研究不同电子受体下的反硝化除磷效果,利用一体化活性污泥工艺中污泥经过厌氧释磷后在不同电子受体下进行反硝化除磷试验,结果表明NO3-—N和NO2-—N均能参与反硝化除磷过程,在NO2-—N初始浓度高达30mg/L的条件下,除磷率仍在93%以上,未对反硝化除磷过程产生毒害作用。在工程应用中应加强短程硝化反硝化与反硝化除磷作用的耦合,在提高脱氮除磷效率的同时,取得明显的节能效果。     

Nitrogen removal from sludge reject water by a two-stage oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification denitrification process.

Nitrogen removal from sludge reject water was obtained by oxygen-limited partial nitritation resulting in nitrite accumulation in a first stage, followed by autotrophic denitrification of nitrite with ammonium as electron donor (similar to anaerobic ammonium oxidation) in a second stage. Two membrane-assisted bioreactors (MBRs) were used in series to operate with high sludge ages and subsequent high volumetric loading rates, achieving 1.45 kg N m(-3) day(-1) for the partial nitritation MBR and 1.1 kg N m(-3) day(-1) for the anaerobic ammonium oxidation MBR. Biomass retention in the nitritation stage ensured flexibility towards loading rate and operating temperature. Nitrite oxidisers were out-competed at low oxygen and high free ammonia concentration. Biomass retention in the second MBR prevented wash-out of the slowly growing bacteria. Nitrite and ammonium were converted to dinitrogen gas in a reaction ratio of 1.05, thereby maintaining nitrite limitation to assure process stability. The anoxic consortium catalysing the autotrophic denitrification process consisted of Nitrosomonas-like aerobic ammonium oxidizers and anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria closely related to Kuenenia stuttgartiensis. The overall removal efficiency of the combined process was 82% of the incoming ammonium according to a total nitrogen removal rate of 0.55 kg N m(-3) day(-1), without adding extra carbon source.     

Low temperature biological phosphorus removal and partial nitrification in a pilot sequencing batch reactor system

Partial nitrification and biological phosphorus removal appear to hold promise of a cost-effective and sustainable biological nutrient removal process. Pilot sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated under anaerobic/aerobic configuration for 8 months. It was found that biological phosphorus removal can be achieved in an SBR system, along with the partial nitrification process. Sufficient volatile fatty acids supply was the key for enhanced biological phosphorus removal. This experiment demonstrated that partial nitrification can be achieved even at low temperature with high dissolved oxygen (>3 mg/L) concentration. Shorter solid retention time (SRT) for nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) than for ammonia oxidizing bacteria due to the nitrite substrate limitation at the beginning of the aeration cycle was the reason that caused NOB wash-out. Controlling SRT should be the strategy for an SBR operated in cold climate to achieve partial nitrification. It was also found that the aerobic phosphorus accumulating organisms' P-uptake was more sensitive to nitrite inhibition than the process of anaerobic P-release.     

低负荷下厌氧氨氧化处理养殖废水的启动研究

厌氧氨氧化作为新型生物脱氮技术其关键在于如何实现厌氧氨氧化反应的启动,现有研究多以模拟废水为研究对象,本文以猪场废水为对象的研究,利用ASBR为反应器,接种反硝化污泥培养厌氧氨氧化细菌,在NH+4-N与NO-2-N浓度均为100 mg/L的条件下,运行125 d,经历启动初期、过渡期、系统稳定运行期三个阶段,厌氧氨氧化反应器中NH+4-N的去除率达91.70%,NO-2-N去除率92.0%;NH+4-N的容积负荷为36.90 mg/L.d,NO-2-N的容积负荷为37.55 mg/(L.d),成功实现了厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动。该研究成果对厌氧氨氧化技术在工程实践的应用具有重要的指导意义。     

ANAMMOX and partial denitritation in anaerobic nitrogen removal from piggery waste.

The anaerobic ammonium removal from a piggery waste with high strength (56 g COD/L and 5 g T-N/L) was investigated using a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor at a mesophilic condition. Based on the nitrogen and carbon balance in the process, the contribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms was also evaluated in terms of the influent NO2-N/NH4-N ratio (1:0.8 and 1:1.2 for Phase 1 and Phase 2, respectively). The result of this research demonstrates that the anaerobic ammonium removal from the piggery waste, using the UASB reactor, can be performed successfully. Furthermore, it appears that by using granular sludge as the seed biomass, the ANAMMOX reaction can start more quickly. Average nitrogen conversion was 0.59 kg T-N/m3 reactor-day (0.06 kg T-N/kg VSS/day) and 0.66 kg T-N/m3 reactor-day (0.08 kg T-N/kg VSS/day) for Phase 1 and Phase 2. The NO2-N/NH4-N removal ratio by the ANAMMOX was 1.48 and 1.79 for Phase 1 and Phase 2. The higher nitrite contents (about 50%) in the substrate resulted in higher nitrite nitrogen removal by the partial denitritation, as well as the ANAMMOX reaction, implying higher potential of partial denitritation. However, the result reveals that the ANAMMOX reaction was influenced less by the degree of partial denitritation, and the ANAMMOX bacteria did not compete with denitritation bacteria. The colour of the biomass at the bottom of the reactor changed from dark gray to dark red, which was accompanied by an increase in cytochrome content. At the end of the experiment, red-coloured granular sludge with diameter of 1-2 mm at the lower part of the reactor was also observed.     

Biological phosphorus removal with nitrite as election acceptor.

Biological phosphorus removal was studied in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The results showed that nitrite could be used as electron acceptor in denitrifying phosphorus removal. Feed mode of nitrite had significant influence on denitrifying phosphorus removal. Anoxic phosphorus assimilation rate could reach 10.44 mgP/gSS.h and the percentage of anoxic phosphorus assimilation amount was more than 97% with continuous feed mode. Granular sludge with denitrifying phosphorus removal activity was found in the SBR. The effects of different operational conditions, such as COD loading, settling time, HRT etc., on the formation of granules were also studied.     

New anaerobic process of nitrogen removal.

This paper reports on successful laboratory testing of a new nitrogen removal process called DEAMOX (DEnitrifying AMmonium OXidation) for the treatment of strong nitrogenous wastewater such as baker's yeast effluent. The concept of this process combines the recently discovered ANAMMOX (ANaerobic AMMonium OXidation) reaction with autotrophic denitrifying conditions using sulfide as an electron donor for the production of nitrite within an anaerobic biofilm. The achieved results with a nitrogen loading rate of higher than 1,000 mg/L/d and nitrogen removal of around 90% look very promising because they exceed (by 9-18 times) the corresponding nitrogen removal rates of conventional activated sludge systems. The paper describes also some characteristics of DEAMOX sludge, as well as the preliminary results of its microbiological characterization.     

ANAMMOX工艺在生活污水深度处理中的应用研究

随着水环境质量的恶化,高能低耗的污水深度处理技术成为当前研究热点,尤其是对于低C/N比的城市生活污水脱氮技术的研究。试验以城市生活污水的二级出水为研究对象,采用ANAMMOX下向流生物滤池,当二级出水NH3-N=15-35mg/L,CODCr=25-45mg/L,TOC=9-12mg/L,水温=25-28℃时,ANAMMOX下向流生物滤池脱氨率达80%-100%,不仅适用于处理高氨废水,也可用于城市生活污水深度处理中。试验发现pH可以用来指示ANAMMOX反应的进行,同时也可以用来指示ANAMMOX反应进程的快慢。试验中还发现,厌氧氨氧化反应速率与NO2--N含量有关,原水中NO2--N含量的增多有利于ANAMMOX工艺处理效果。