Numerical Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer during Nanosecond Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition on a Particle Surface

Chemical vapor deposition of TiN on a spherical particle surface subjected to nanosecond laser heating is simulated numerically here. A thermal model is developed to describe the heat transfer within the particle, chemical reaction on the particle surface, and mass transfer in the gases. The heat conduction and mass diffusion equations are discretized using the finite volume method with fully implicit schemes, and solved with tridiagonal matrix method. Temporal distributions of particle surface temperature and deposited film thickness resulting from multiple-pulse irradiation are analyzed for a wide range of parameters including laser fluence, pulse repetition frequency, pulse width, initial particle temperature, particle radius, and total pressure in the reaction chamber.     

超临界工况下二甲醚蒸发的数值模拟

基于瞬态气液相控制方程,建立了超临界工况下二甲醚(DME)蒸发的数学模型,并进行了数值求解。详细考虑了高压下的非理想气体效应、液滴表面热动力相平衡、环境气体的可溶性、流体热物性的高压修正以及Soret和Dufour耦合效应等。计算结果表明,高压下气体溶解显著增强,相变焓明显偏离蒸发潜热,d~2律已不能准确描述液滴蒸发现象,液滴表面温度一直处于上升状态,甚至可以达到临界点;而且,随着压力的上升,耦合效应对蒸发的影响逐渐增强。     

Non-isothermal Evaporation of Salt Solutions on a Microstructured Surface

Heat transfer of a droplet and layer during evaporation of aqueous solutions of salts has been studied. The behavior of salt solutions on a smooth and microstructured surface is compared here. Evaporation rate of aqueous salt solutions is greater for a microstructured surface than for a smooth wall. The behavior of heat transfer coefficient α can be described by two time regimes: quasi-constant values of α and significant increase in heat transfer at a multiple decrease in the liquid layer height. Measurements made with application of the particle image velocimetry showed that the structured surface increases liquid speed inside the sessile drop. The largest value of the heat transfer coefficient α on the structured surface corresponds to water for the final stage of evaporation. For salt solutions, the heat transfer coefficient is lower than that for water in the entire period of evaporation on the structured surface. The maximal excess (20–30%) of α of the structured wall above the smooth surface corresponds to the maximal height of the liquid layer at the beginning of evaporation. With increasing time, the excess is reduced. A drop of heat transfer intensification with a decrease in the layer height relates to suppression of free convection (a multiple decrease in the average velocity in the drop).     

单液滴撞击薄液膜产生二次雾化过程的数值模拟

应用数值模拟方法研究单液滴撞击薄液膜的动力学行为.在二维轴对称坐标系内,采用VOF方法与网格局部瞬时加密技术相结合,跟踪液滴和液膜与空气间的气液两相界面.结果表明,液滴撞击薄液膜的演化行为主要受液滴初始动能、表面张力以及液体黏性的影响.初始动能越大,则形成的空间液膜最大高度越大,达到稳定状态越晚,飞溅开始时刻越早,飞溅生成的二次液滴数量也越多;在扩展后期及回缩阶段,空间液膜的形成主要受液体黏度影响,增加液体黏度会阻碍空间液膜飞溅;表面张力增大,形成的空间液膜高度减小、厚度增加,同时阻碍二次液滴的生成.     

不同润湿性表面液滴铺展及蒸发过程的LBM数值模拟

基于格子玻尔兹曼方法（Lattice Boltzmann Method, LBM）对固着在加热基板上的液滴铺展及蒸发过程进行模拟,主要研究重力场、基板润湿性以及初始环境温度对液滴铺展及蒸发过程的影响。通过预测蒸发过程中液滴与基板的接触直径变化和液滴剩余质量变化,分析液滴形状及体积变化。研究结果发现,液滴形貌及蒸发过程受重力影响较大,重力作用下液滴铺展现象明显且蒸发加快。基板的接触角越小,液滴铺展现象越明显,其接触直径越大,蒸发越快。当环境温度与基板温度相差较大时,液滴内部出现涡流,强化换热使蒸发过程加快。     

喷雾液滴撞壁研究综述

喷雾液滴撞壁现象广泛存在于受限空间燃烧室中,研究喷雾液滴撞壁机理对提高燃烧效率,降低污染物排放有十分重要的意义.从实验、数值和理论三方面综述了液滴撞壁研究现状及发展,对液滴撞壁运动形态变化、碰撞影响参数、碰撞特性规律、相界面追踪技术以及液滴最大铺展系数理论求解进行了全面的阐述.通过深入分析液滴撞壁研究现状,指出了液滴撞壁研究的发展方向.     

太阳能电池板表面积灰模型仿真研究

摘要： 太阳能电池板表面灰尘颗粒的沉积严重制约着光伏发电效率,降低了电池板的使用寿命。提出建立灰尘与电池板间耦合关系以及计算清除灰尘作用力的方法;提出3条接触模型等价性假设,并基于离散元与弹塑性理论建立灰尘颗粒与电池板及灰尘颗粒间的力学模型;利用EDEM软件的Hertz-Mindlin with JKR Cohesion模型,仿真模拟电池板表面灰尘分布情况,预测清洗电池板的清洗力大小及清洗区域;分析电池板倾角、风向与电池板和颗粒间作用合力即清洗力的对应关系;为所研制电池板表面积灰清除机器人的清洗力和清洗周期确定提供理论依据。     

椭圆形换热单管积灰特性的数值模拟研究

椭圆形换热管作为一种强化换热元件,在抗积灰性能方面具有一定优势.本文基于ANSYS FLUENT软件平台建立了一套模拟程序,针对椭圆形换热单管的积灰特性展开了数值模拟研究.重点研究了换热管的椭圆度、烟气流速以及飞灰颗粒粒径对飞灰沉积特性的影响.研究表明,当换热管的椭圆度在1～2之间变化时,5～100μm粒径的颗粒沉积率...     

闹德海水库洪水过程泥沙冲淤数值模拟分析

为研究闹德海水库泥沙冲淤特性,选取水库大坝至上游W18断面对汛期泥沙冲淤进行数值模拟计算,分别模拟典型洪水过程和百年一遇洪水过程.结果表明,悬移质浓度值的起伏涨落与流量的变化基本一致,峡谷段冲淤平衡对库容无影响,汛期抬高蓄水位可行,且当洪峰来量小于100m3/s时,采用定时单孔控制泄量可有效增加库容水量.     

涡流室式柴油机油滴破碎和喷雾碰壁的三维数值模拟

根据不稳定性理论,将燃烧室中油滴破碎过程分为ＫＨ不稳定破碎和ＲＴ不稳定破碎;根据Ｗｅｂｅｒ数将喷雾碰壁过程分为粘附、反弹粘附和飞溅附壁射流３ 种模式,建立了油滴破碎和喷雾碰壁的数学模型。根据油滴破碎模型计算所得的喷雾贯穿距离和ＳＭＤ值同试验结果相一致,喷雾碰壁模型计算所得的油滴位置图形与高速摄影结果相一致。将已被试验验证后的模型应用于涡流室式柴油机中, 计算了涡流室内喷雾的发展过程,计算结果与高速摄影结果吻合良好。     

化学气相沉积石英玻璃工艺数值模拟

为提高某型号立式化学气相沉积炉生产大尺寸高纯度石英玻璃过程中石英玻璃沉积体表面的温度分布均匀性,从而提高其光学性能,对立式沉积炉内石英玻璃的生产过程中温度场和速度场的分布情况进行了数值模拟。通过调整燃烧器的结构,对沉积炉原有模型进行了进一步的改进优化。结果表明改进了的燃烧器型式可以有效地消除偏峰现象,提高表面温度分布的均匀性。     

白石水库洪水过程泥沙冲淤数值模拟分析

为研究白石水库泥沙冲淤特性,选取水库大坝至上游BD20断面,分别模拟汛期典型洪水过程和百年一遇洪水过程,分析洪水过程泥沙冲淤变化。结果表明,白石水库洪水期间最大输沙量与最大流量并不同步,在库区弯道处凹岸库底冲刷、凸岸库底淤积;同一断面的洪峰流量、最大输沙率不同步;洪水过后,淤积厚度随控制水位的升高而减小。     

Unsteady Conjugate Heat Transfer Associated with a Translating Spherical Droplet: A Direct Numerical Simulation

Thermal behavior of a liquid drop moving in an incompressible fluid of infinite extent is investigated numerically. Dynamical equations describing the temporal evolution of the flow and temperature fields of dispersed and continuous phases are solved by a hybrid spectral scheme in conjunction with the influence matrix technique to resolve the lack of vorticity boundary conditions. Both Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials are employed to expand the flow variables and temperature in the radial and angular directions, respectively. With the aid of the Galerkin and collocation methods, together with the first-order backward Euler time differencing, the governing partial differential equations reduce to a nonlinear system of algebraic equations. Numerical results reveal a discrepancy between quasi-steady and fully transient analyses at high Peclet numbers.     

水平热壁上泄漏燃料蒸发与着火的数值模拟

建立了成流泄漏燃料在热壁上的蒸发与着火模型,分析了泄漏燃料在热壁上的沸腾模式,得到了蒸气离开液面时初始条件的计算方法．采用大涡模拟计算了不同热壁温度时,热壁上方空气的温度分布,并以正十六烷为例计算分析了蒸气在热壁上方发生着火的条件,得到了泄漏燃油在热壁上发生着火的时间与着火点高度．     

Magnetic Convection Inside a Polymer Solution Droplet on a Lyophobic Surface

Convection inside a polymer solution sessile droplet under a strong magnetic field is numerically studied. The droplet presumed is a diamagnetism solution, which has different magnetic susceptibility between solute and solvent. The magnetic field is presumed by a single electric coil. The coil placed in a lower position induces the upward force near the surface, which enhances the Marangoni convection. If the coil is located above the droplet, the flow is suppressed by the downward force. These effects are found to be remarkable for a large droplet.     

状态方程对高温高压条件下燃料液滴蒸发计算的影响

以实际气体状态方程为基础,建立了单个液滴的高压蒸发模型和数值计算方法,并对庚烷液滴在氮气中的蒸发过程进行了模拟计算.重点研究了RK、SRK、PR三种状态方程对高温高压条件下燃料液滴蒸发计算的影响.结果表明,PR方程在气液相平衡、热物性参数以及液滴直径变化历程的计算上都与试验数据有很好的一致性;SRK方程在气液相平衡、二元混合物临界点以及庚烷相变焓的计算上与PR方程的计算结果十分接近,但在热物性参数和液滴蒸发寿命的计算上相比于PR方程的计算结果偏小;RK方程的计算结果与SRK方程和PR方程相比均存在较大偏差.因此,对于建立单个液滴高压蒸发模型而言,PR方程的精度最高,SRK方程次之,RK方程的精度最差.     

Numerical Simulation of Single Bubble Dynamics During Flow Boiling Conditions on a Horizontal Surface

Complete three-dimensional numerical simulations of single bubble dynamics during flow boiling conditions are carried out using the computational fluid dynamics code FLOW3D based on the volume-of-fluid method. The analyses include a numerically robust kinetic phase-change model and transient wall heat conduction. The simulation approach is calibrated by comparison with available experimental and theoretical data. It is found that the observed hydrodynamics (i.e., bubble shape, departure, and deformation) are simulated very well. The comparison with high-resolution transient temperature measurements during a heating foil experiment indicates that the modeling of the spatiotemporal heat sink distribution during bubble growth requires major attention. The simulation tool is employed for single bubble dynamics during flow boiling on a horizontal heating wall, and the agreement is excellent with published experimental data. The numerical results indicate how bulk flow velocity and wall heat transfer influence the bubble dynamics and heat transfer characteristics.     

自由表面涡流动现象的数值模拟

为了研究自由表面涡流动规律,采用Fluent软件对这一层流流动现象进行了数值模拟。计算中运用流体体积(VOF)模型处理汽水交界面,得到了自由表面涡的流动结构和演化过程,旋涡发展状态与涡量之间的关系。在自由表面涡形成过程中,流体中心区域的涡量随时间不断增大。当涡量达到一定程度时,自由液面处开始出现旋涡,并不断向下延伸直至达到稳定。同时得到了涡核半径、涡核半径处最大切向速度、涡核处环量、涡核内切面速度梯度以及流场中各个速度分量随高度和时间的变化规律。计算结果为了解自由表面涡流动现象提供了一定的参考。     

A Level-Set Method for the Direct Numerical Simulation of Particle Motion in Droplet Evaporation

A sharp-interface level-set (LS) method is presented for direct numerical simulation (DNS) of particle motion in droplet evaporation. The LS formulation for liquid–gas flows is extended to liquid–gas–solid flows by treating the moving solid region as a high-viscosity fluid phase. The evaporation effect is accurately implemented by imposing the coupled temperature and vapor fraction conditions at the interface. The LS method is tested through computations of particle sedimentation in single-phase and two-phase fluids. The DNS of particle motion in droplet evaporation demonstrates the pinning phenomena of the liquid–gas–solid contact line.     

Numerical Simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer from Slot Jets Impinging on a Cylindrical Convex Surface

Flow and heat transfer characteristics of slot jets impingement to a cylindrical convex surface are numerically investigated.Suitable turbulence models have been determined through comparison with the experimental data.Flow structures are described and impingement heat transfer characteristics are discussed.The effects of Re,H/B and D/B on single-slot jets impingement heat transfer are analyzed and heat transfer characteristics of multiple-slot jets are investigated.The results show that:Gas flows along the...